• Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger [RESEARCH PAPER]

    From castAway@21:1/5 to All on Sat Dec 31 08:16:30 2022
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger

    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.

    Free and independent research. Brasil, 2021.
    Open Access Scientific Research (CC BY 4.0).

    jamilbio20 [at] gmail [dot] com

    ## ABSTRACT

    Since European colonisation begun, exotic species have caused problems and concerns on biodiversity loss are currently on the table. We review scientific literature to better understand the role biodiversity plays on global, regional and local scales and
    whether changes in biodiversity composition affect ecosystem function. We also analyse various Red Lists and reports from world and Brazillian entities. Species of interest can recover if active predation is thwarted and conservation efforts undertaken.
    We conclude that reports based on Red Lists are exaggerated and there is no threat of biodiversity loss at sight.
    Keywords: biodiversity change, anthropic pressure, community ecology


    ---

    ## Introduction

    Threats from environmentalist groups about the effects of climate change are not restricted to the supposed global warming but also include a pleiad of other misfortunes and extreme events that develop simultaneously such as sea level rise, ocean water
    acidification and, in the tropical and temperate forests, a large loss of biodiversity with drastic extinction of animal and plant species in an uncontrolled manner, even menacing survival of the human species. In this chapter we propose to debate this
    prediction under the light of science, detached from emotional tension and apocalyptic debate that is propelled by peers from scientific papers and books. Source and complete research of this present paper can be found at the website <https://
    biodiversidade.github.io/>.

    Lamarck, Darwin and Wallace are gradualists in their evolution theories. The geologist Niels Eldredge with his observations of fossils in 1972, noticed long and monotonous periods without morphological body modif
  • From R Kym Horsell@21:1/5 to castAway on Sun Jan 1 02:32:34 2023
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.
    Free and independent research. Brasil, 2021.
    Open Access Scientific Research (CC BY 4.0).
    jamilbio20 [at] gmail [dot] com
    ## ABSTRACT
    ...

    A self-published paper that has a self-contradiction
    in the title (i.e. "change" and "not a danger").
    promoted by an anonumous poster, Wow.

    From more conventional sources:

    Even though permanent global species loss is a more dramatic and tragic phenomenon than regional changes in species composition, even minor
    changes from a healthy stable state can have dramatic influence on the
    food web and the food chain insofar as reductions in only one species
    can adversely affect the entire chain (coextinction), leading to an
    overall reduction in biodiversity, possible alternative stable states
    of an ecosystem notwithstanding.
    -- wikipedia

    We can quickly check to see whether there is any known
    predator/prey relationship that may fall inder this papergraph.
    It doesn't take an AI program to find Polar Bears vs Seals.

    It's been well-known for 50 years to population of seals in
    the Arctic region has declined precipitously. With our pals
    the icebjorn depending on this food source we would therefore
    expect this decline to "adversely affect the enture chain" as above.

    The data from Canada and Norway seal catches since the 1950s
    are as follows:

    Year Norway Canada
    (annual seal catch in 1000s)
    1955 295 81
    1960 216 121
    1965 140 51
    1970 188 40
    1975 112 33
    1980 60 37
    1985 19 5
    1990 15 25
    1992 14 24
    1993 12 10
    1994 18 36
    1995 15 31
    1996 16 58
    1997 10 43
    1998 9 31
    1999 6 6
    2000 20 6
    2001 n/a 11
    2002 10 14
    2003 12 9
    2004 14 12
    2005 21 11
    2006 17 .8
    2007 8 3
    2008 1 .3


    So we kinda suspect the article is of the Willie Soon
    "deliverables" variety than actual science.
    Another tip-off is that science generally talks about
    what has been measured and what is possible.
    Not what is impossible or supposedly can not exist.
    That kinda stuff comes from dishonest people.


    'Liars say "I am not a crook" rather than "I am honest" '
    Liars use short sentences, the past tense and negative statements
    Bella DePaula, professor of psychology at the University of Virginia,
    has found, in a study of 3,000 people, that the following clues are
    the most useful indicators of whether somebody is lying:
    # Lack of specific detail - not volunteering names of people and places
    # Short answers
    # Using the past tense
    # Using negative statements ("not a crook" rather than "honest")
    -- http://www.globalideasbank.org/site/bank/idea.php?ideaId=1907



    --
    [Actual science -- not an anonymous self-publication:]

    Assessing species vulnerability to climate change

    Michela Pacifici, Wendy B. Foden, Piero Visconti, James E. M. Watson,
    Stuart H.M. Butchart, Kit M. Kovacs, Brett R. Scheffers, David G. Hole,
    Tara G. Martin, H. Resit Ak?akaya, Richard T. Corlett, Brian Huntley,
    David Bickford, Jamie A. Carr, Ary A. Hoffmann, Guy F. Midgley, Paul Pearce-Kelly, Richard G. Pearson, Stephen E. Williams, Stephen G.
    Willis, Bruce Young and Carlo Rondinini

    Nature Climate change 5,215-224(2015). doi:10.1038/nclimate2448


    Abstract:
    The effects of climate change on biodiversity are increasingly well
    documented, and many methods have been developed to assess species' vulnerability to climatic changes, both ongoing and projected in the
    coming decades. To minimize global biodiversity losses,
    conservationists need to identify those species that are likely to be
    most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In this Review, we
    summarize different currencies used for assessing species' climate
    change vulnerability. We describe three main approaches used to derive
    these currencies (correlative, mechanistic and trait-based), and their associated data requirements, spatial and temporal scales of
    application and modelling methods. We identify strengths and weaknesses
    of the approaches and highlight the sources of uncertainty inherent in
    each method that limit projection reliability. Finally, we provide
    guidance for conservation practitioners in selecting the most
    appropriate approach(es) for their planning needs and highlight
    priority areas for further assessments.

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  • From R Kym Horsell@21:1/5 to castAway on Sun Jan 1 12:42:27 2023
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 31/12/2022 23:32, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.
    Comments very weak. I will deal with your questions later

    LOL. You are the guy too scared to put your name on anything
    and posting some unpublished stuff that is contradicted by 6500
    publications in science journals around the world every year since 2000.
    (See Google scholar).

    That is a real example of "very weak comments".

    Did you know that was how many scientitific papers -- published in
    journals, not on the web -- that research "declining biodiversity"?

    This will probably be a surpise to you. I'm a world ranked data scientist
    with an actual name: <kaggle.com/kymhorsell1>.

    One dataset I worked on 10 y ago tracked the decline in seabird populations around Canada. This itself is a "loss of biodiversity" according to several measures.

    The data is this:

    #canada seabird population millions
    #from
    #Changes in Canadian seabird populations and
    #ecology since 1970 in relation to changes in
    #oceanography and food webs
    #Anthony J. Gaston, et al
    #Environ. Rev. 17: 267?286 (2009)
    #doi:10.1139/A09-013
    #Published by NRC Research Press
    1950 340
    1951 335
    1952 331
    1953 326
    1954 322
    1955 317
    1956 313
    1957 308
    1958 304
    1959 299
    1960 295
    1961 288
    1962 281
    1963 274
    1964 267
    1965 260
    1966 253
    1967 246
    1968 239
    1969 232
    1970 225
    1971 220
    1972 215
    1973 210
    1974 205
    1975 200
    1976 195
    1977 190
    1978 185
    1979 180
    1980 175
    1981 172
    1982 170
    1983 167
    1984 165
    1985 162
    1986 160
    1987 157
    1988 155
    1989 152
    1990 150
    1991 146
    1992 142
    1993 138
    1994 134
    1995 130
    1996 126
    1997 122
    1998 118
    1999 114
    2000 110
    2001 108
    2002 107
    2003 105
    2004 104
    2005 102
    2006 101
    2007 99
    2008 98
    2009 96
    2010 95


    10 years ago we could do little but see the data pointed to
    a statistically significant trend that was likely to continue
    into the future.

    But nowadays we can use AI programs to try to figure out what
    is the "cause" if the above numbers.

    The AI has no problems to figure out the data is for the Arctic region
    because many things there are changing in exactly the same way.

    No real surprise the program figures out the top 10 things
    it can determine from the 10s of 1000s of datasets it has to
    play with are:

    Dataset Lag Transf R2 Beta stderr
    co2 1 loglog 0.91077523 -4.07198 0.279736
    arc70 7 0.50969493 -699.343 159.294
    arc10 0 0.48133090 -179.408 40.5172
    arc100 1 0.42920707 -169.333 42.8601 sstband80 0 0.30213612 -641.046 211.957 minaravgArc 0 0.29682239 -27.9665 9.36477 aravgArcland 0 0.29500044 -33.898 11.4007
    arc-10 0 0.29480603 -200.737 67.5443
    arc170 0 loglog 0.29162221 -0.882855 0.299354
    arc0 0 0.27826122 -120.966 42.3839


    So it seems the decline in seabirds is 91% explained by the rise
    in atm CO2. I.e. climate change.
    For each 1 ppmv of atm CO2 pumped into the atm -- and these
    days it increases 3ppmv each year -- about 4 million seabirds
    around Canada disappear.

    The number 2 and number 3 start to point to specific parts of
    the Arctic that seem to explain about 1/2 the decline in Canada
    seabirds -- places in the N of Russia and Greenland.
    For each 1C NW Russia warms, according to the program,
    about 700 million birds around Canda are likely to disappear.

    The data shows that about 250 mn Canadian seabirds have already
    disappeared. So we might estimate that points to the area
    in N Ruaai having warmed around .37C between 1950 and 2010.
    If you look it up, that is about the published number.

    As I said, between 2000 and 2022 about 3.24 million
    papers on biodiversity were published with 150,000 specificially
    outlining biodiversity loss in some species in some part of the world.

    --
    'Liars say "I am not a crook" rather than "I am honest" '
    Liars use short sentences, the past tense and negative statements
    Bella DePaula, professor of psychology at the University of Virginia,
    has found, in a study of 3,000 people, that the following clues are
    the most useful indicators of whether somebody is lying:
    # Lack of specific detail - not volunteering names of people and places
    # Short answers
    # Using the past tense
    # Using negative statements ("not a crook" rather than "honest")
    -- http://www.globalideasbank.org/site/bank/idea.php?ideaId=1907

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From castAway@21:1/5 to All on Sun Jan 1 09:18:35 2023
    Em 31/12/2022 23:32, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.

    Comments very weak. I will deal with your questions later



    .

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  • From R Kym Horsell@21:1/5 to castAway on Tue Jan 3 10:47:26 2023
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 01/01/2023 09:42, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 31/12/2022 23:32, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.
    Comments very weak. I will deal with your questions later
    A self-published paper that has a self-contradiction
    in the title (i.e. "change" and "not a danger").
    promoted by an anonumous poster, Wow.
    LOL. You are the guy too scared to put your name on anything
    Dear Mr Kym,
    Thanks for trying to comment on my scientific research paper.
    Did you read it past the title?

    I am blind. I listen to the text with text-to-voice software.
    I listened to the first 20 seconds and could not determine where it
    was going so gave up. The title is rather opaque and I presumed it
    was some industry-sponsored polemic that we see from time to time on
    this group.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From castAway@21:1/5 to All on Tue Jan 3 07:18:47 2023
    Em 01/01/2023 09:42, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 31/12/2022 23:32, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.
    Comments very weak. I will deal with your questions later
    A self-published paper that has a self-contradiction
    in the title (i.e. "change" and "not a danger").
    promoted by an anonumous poster, Wow.
    LOL. You are the guy too scared to put your name on anything


    Dear Mr Kym,

    Thanks for trying to comment on my scientific research paper.
    Did you read it past the title? I fear the paper is not anonymous,
    author name is in the second line. In the website link provided,
    there is the curriculum from the author and also the source
    of all the research hosted at GitHub under directory scr/ of the
    same website... There, you can find all the data used, all the
    paper versions and even the raw notes.

    You seem to think that Change is Bad. So 'change' and 'not in danger'
    are not self-contradiction. Are you the same as a baby you were born?
    No you changed and it is OK you are not a baby anymore, so I don't
    see your point.

    Other than attacking the research title, I could not see any other
    questions from you. You are just attacking me because I am just
    a speckle of dust in the big beach that is the Universe and you seem
    to think you are very important and famous.

    A scientific research is already scientific before peer-review,
    peer-reviewing does not make something a science. I do this
    in my free time and cannot afford paying R$ 1000 bucks to
    have this peer-reviewed. Peer-review is rather new in science
    and if you get your friends to peer-review you research, does it
    really makes the work any worthier? I mean, the true peer review
    starts when the work becomes public and everyone has got access to it.

    Good luck with your research. Obviously my research go against your
    narrative, but that is a difference POV about nature. Mine is
    happier.

    Cheers,
    JSN

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  • From R Kym Horsell@21:1/5 to R Kym Horsell on Tue Jan 3 11:28:23 2023
    R Kym Horsell <kym@kymhorsell.com> wrote:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 01/01/2023 09:42, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 31/12/2022 23:32, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.
    Comments very weak. I will deal with your questions later
    A self-published paper that has a self-contradiction
    in the title (i.e. "change" and "not a danger").
    promoted by an anonumous poster, Wow.
    LOL. You are the guy too scared to put your name on anything
    Dear Mr Kym,
    Thanks for trying to comment on my scientific research paper.
    Did you read it past the title?

    I am blind. I listen to the text with text-to-voice software.
    I listened to the first 20 seconds and could not determine where it
    was going so gave up. The title is rather opaque and I presumed it
    was some industry-sponsored polemic that we see from time to time on
    this group.


    As a data scientist I make and use AI software a lot.
    I'm afraid one program has marked your abstract as a polemic.
    While I agree about the Brazil red lists being unreliable
    and the 2 or 3 I've seen differing in significant ways and
    species being added then removed within a few years, the
    key points the s/w pointed at where the several different
    email addresses attached to the work, the starting paragraph
    that started complaining about "environmentalists",
    the list of topics that have nothing to do with biodiversity
    being complained of seem a template it has seen in other
    industry-sponsered material it has read in the past
    (Brazilian beef industry), the the repeated unscientific
    negative claims.

    Personally I found it a stretch that on the basis of one or other
    Red List then there is "nothing to worry about".

    Several decades ago I began a small program to create some AI
    programs to do "unmanned science". I wont go into the details.
    But one of the projects I gave the first software was to see
    whether any forested region on earth had flipped from a carbon
    sequestering mode to a carbon emitting mode.

    The mathematics of this is also beyond the scope of this discussion,
    but basically the program treats area region as a process with
    inputs and outputs -- the key input being heat as measured by local temperatures, and the key output being CO2. There are of course other
    inputs and outputs but the sofrare uses a Kalman model that
    can deal with partial inputs and outputs.

    The program quickly found 2 regions in the world that had flipped
    sometime between the 1970 and 1980s according to its analysis --
    one was the Congo and the other was Brazil.

    I posted this research to some people and was gratified a couple
    years ago to see an article in Nature confirming that some big
    group had found the Congo had become a net emitter of carbon.
    I.e. the biodiversity of the plantlife was likely decreasing.

    And in the past year I noticed that another group published
    in Nature another article finding Amazonia had flipped to
    net emitting in (they said) 2016.

    These are the kind of evidences I like to follow. I hope anyone
    of a supposedly scientific mindset would do the same.
    But I find this is not always the case.

    As I said -- according to Google Scholar there have been an avg ~6700 peer-revied papers published each year since 2000 on biodiversity decline. ABout 1/2 of them are about Brazil.

    --
    Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate ...
    Nature, 14 July 2021
    The Amazon forest contains about 123 +- 23 petagrams carbon (Pg C) of
    above- and belowground biomass, which can be released rapidly and may thus ...

    The Brazilian Amazon has been a net carbon emitter since 2016
    The Economist, 21 May 2022
    Over the past 20 years, the Brazilian Amazon has lost 350,000 square km and emitted 13% more CO2 than it absorbed. The trend shows little sign of
    reversing soon.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From castAway@21:1/5 to All on Wed Jan 4 03:29:46 2023
    Em 03/01/2023 08:28, R Kym Horsell escreveu:

    R Kym Horsell <kym@kymhorsell.com> wrote:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 01/01/2023 09:42, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 31/12/2022 23:32, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    # Change in Biodiversity Not in Danger
    Citation: SONI-NETO, J. Change in biodiversity not in danger. Biodiversity Blog, Dec. 2021. Available at: <https://biodiversidade.github.io/>.
    The title is rather opaque [...]
    Thanks for your very pertinent comments. That is the first
    worthwhile critique that has come so far.

    I'm afraid one program has marked your abstract as a polemic.
    Perhaps that one programme which marked the abstract as polemic
    cannot really understand it well. All these logarithms are
    pre-written to follow a set of rules, for example, if we
    write "change" and then "not in danger" in the same phrase,
    perhaps the algorithm thinks that is a semantics contradiction.
    However that must be the case the rules are just incomplete.

    While I agree about the Brazil red lists being unreliable
    and the 2 or 3 I've seen differing in significant ways and
    species being added then removed within a few years
    Indeed, that is a little worrying the methodologies used
    in these lists change too frequently. That does not only
    happen with the Brazilian lists, it should be noted.

    the starting paragraph
    that started complaining about "environmentalists",
    the list of topics that have nothing to do with biodiversity
    being complained of seem a template
    That is very pleasing to know the first paragraph from the
    intro differs in style from all others. You are right in most
    of your observations. Let me explain briefly why that is:
    indeed the book editor the research was originally
    made to be published in asked whether he could write the first
    paragraph from the introduction section of the research for his
    book, and he did only mention of a lot of subjects that are not
    directly linked to biodiversity subject.

    In retrospective, I agree that paragraph fits the research
    better only in the book context, which do talk about those
    other subjects, but that paragraph may be unnecessary
    in a stand-alone paper as published here on USENET.
    Specially because I know many people would not take those
    facts for granted because, for e.g. environmentalists
    are generally believed to make more good than bad. I would
    make the distinction here between the bad environmentalists
    and the more correct ecologist people..

    it has seen in other
    industry-sponsered material it has read in the past
    (Brazilian beef industry), the the repeated unscientific
    negative claims.
    I believe the negative facts you are referring here are
    the ones described in the first paragraph from the
    introduction. It should be noted that it is claimed that
    environmentalists are the ones who make terrible forecasts,
    and unscientific negative claims.

    Personally I found it a stretch that on the basis of one or other
    Red List then there is "nothing to worry about".
    Certainly nobody is for species extinctions, however the
    research merely says extinctions are almost out of control
    of humans. But surely, humans can try and save human-interest
    animals. That is a *human condition* we should eat other
    animals and use them as resources. I have seen a research
    some time ago saying humans have hunted the bigger preys
    to the brink of extinction from the very start in human history
    and our preys have gotten smaller over time.

    I am blind. I listen to the text with text-to-voice software.
    I listened to the first 20 seconds and could not determine where it
    was going so gave up.

    Hey, sorry to hear you are blind.. That is good to know you can
    deal with most your software needs, if not all, through the aid
    of technology. That really shows a lot of effort and courage
    from yourself. Very much admirable.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From R Kym Horsell@21:1/5 to castAway on Wed Jan 4 12:14:11 2023
    castAway <no@where.com> wrote:
    Em 03/01/2023 08:28, R Kym Horsell escreveu:
    ,,,
    That is very pleasing to know the first paragraph from the
    intro differs in style from all others. You are right in most
    of your observations. Let me explain briefly why that is:
    indeed the book editor the research was originally
    made to be published in asked whether he could write the first
    paragraph from the introduction section of the research for his
    book, and he did only mention of a lot of subjects that are not
    directly linked to biodiversity subject.
    ...

    I'm still not taking this piece too seriously.
    There are too many indicators it is "motivated research"
    aka engineering rather than pure science.

    But time is pressing us all. Whoever better get that book
    published before the NY Times starts writing too many articles like:

    Has the Amazon Reached Its `Tipping Point'?
    The New York Times, 04 Jan 2023 10:08Z
    Some Brazilian scientists fear that the Amazon may become a grassy
    savanna -- with profound effects on the climate worldwide.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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