On Tuesday, April 4, 2017 at 4:07:36 PM UTC+3, Pentcho Valev wrote:

"...somebody is going to have to take back Nobel prizes awarded in 2011 for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe... [...] ...mainstream cosmology has done such a bad job of solving the dark energy problem that it will likely be

some nonmainstream idea..." http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/dark-energy-illusion

My comment in Science:

There is no expansion of the universe - it is STATIC.

Star light slows down as it travels through the space vacuum, an effect caused by a factor equivalent to vacuum friction. For not so distant stars this is expressed as Hubble redshift but beyond a certain distance the star light does not reach us at

all (Olbers' paradox).

The idea that vacuum can slow down light is largely discussed, but only in a quantum gravity context:

Sabine Hossenfelder: "It's an old story: Quantum fluctuations of space-time might change the travel-time of light. Light of higher frequencies would be a little faster than that of lower frequencies. Or slower, depending on the sign of an unknown

constant. Either way, the spectral colors of light would run apart, or 'disperse' as they say if they don't want you to understand what they say. Such quantum gravitational effects are miniscule, but added up over long distances they can become
observable. Gamma ray bursts are therefore ideal to search for evidence of such an energy-dependent speed of light."

I think it is time to start discussing the parallel idea: that slowing down light by vacuum produces the Hubble redshift (in a STATIC universe):

Paul Davies: "This leads to the prediction of vacuum friction: The quantum vacuum can act in a manner reminiscent of a viscous fluid."

New Scientist: "Vacuum has friction after all. In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle says we can never be sure that an apparent vacuum is truly empty. Instead, space is fizzing with photons that are constantly popping into and out of

existence before they can be measured directly. Even though they appear only fleetingly, these "virtual" photons exert the same electromagnetic forces on the objects they encounter as normal photons do."

Nature: "As waves travel through a medium, they lose energy over time. This dampening effect would also happen to photons traveling through spacetime, the researchers found."

Wilfred Sorrell: "The cosmological redshift is caused by the tired-light phenomenon originally proposed by Zwicky."

Pentcho Valev

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