also among the moist nonsubmerged rocks near the top of the crusher high intensity laser shock pulses perhaps pulsed as faultline engravings, could prime rock for crushing. I read during the 20th century ad that rock crushing was only 2-3% effective.
Cheap technology that makes that 60% effective would save 95% of the money used to crush minerals, making all kinds of products more affordable.

As previously written having an automated production continuous flow of chemical explosives machine could make a gel that doesn't smear off that a computer and an inkjet printer with camera puts on the rock chunks wherever the computer discerns is the
best, most fine particles place to explode the gel to make smaller powders and mineral chunks. Along with visual information the computer could look at the mineral chunks with xrf and ultrasound imagaing. The throughput of gel shapes printed on the fly,
matching the fastest inkjet printers 200 meters per minute, 75 cm on a side speed but contactlessly printing nitrogel explosives on the rocks at just the right places suggests 3200 big rocks per minute, per printer, 32K big rocks processed per minute
with 10 printers, the rocks after they are printed travel up an elevation increasing conveyor belt then spend 1-2 seconds plummeting mid air during which time they are detonated and then their powder and nuggets land on a heap which sits on shaking and
sortation screen to sort them for further comminution or liquid ore leaching. 32K 14lb rocks processes per minute is about 128 metric tons of mineral ore processed per minute. That is about 2 ounces of gold produced per minute, in 2021 that earns $4000/
minute. 49K minutes/year, or about $200 million in earnings a year. The machinery is likely to be $50k per conveyer belt, $100K for heap shaker sorter, $40K for the nitrogen explosion maker machine, $60K per printer, $200K buildings and other mine things,
$400k giant strip mining machine that gets the big rocks. That is about 3.0 million dollars to build the automated mine and staff it with 2 people/365 days. The mine pays for itself after just 6 days of activity with 197 million profit in the first year.
The thing that most determines profit is making the largest amount of fine leachable ore particles for the least money. Technologies that support that are 1) patterned explosions on the rocks from detonating the printed explosive gel colors in a
simultaneous overlapping way from multiple laser beams, 2) flying drones injecting explosive lines and geometry patterns into the after conveyer belt powder and nugget heap, which overlap pressure zones on explosion making even finer powders, 3) neural
networks can test thousands of explosive gel printed patterns and even different chemical explosives on a minute per test basis with xray and ultrasound to characterize particle size and mix at the after conveyor powder heap, 30% improvement is likely
rapid, 4)The explosive can be the cheapest least dangerous nitrogen or other explosive that can be made onsite like low molecular weight nitrocellulose, a nitrosugar or a nitrogenated polyol like polynitrooctanol. The nitric acid to make the explosive
onsite comes from an atmospheric nitrogen generator/swing compressor, it is acidified to hno3 with electrolysis electrode water rich in H3O, is concentrated with an osmosis membrane to concentrated nitric acid that then reacts with an external supply of
cellulose, sugar, or a polyol to make a cheap nitroexplosive. But, noting the great value to the profitability of the mine from making the finest diameter powders as cheaply as possible with the fewest steps a very high pulse energy explosive could be
made onsite like HMX octogen. Based on the kind of gold mine described, many companies make them and drive down the cost of gold 194/6 times, making gold about 36 times cheaper, increasing its industrial use. For cobalt mining cobalt goes from $50 to $1.
8/Kg. More things may be affordably made from Ni stainless steels as Ni goes from $19.23 to 65¢. Another improvement is to have the big rocks be turned over from a curl in their conveyor belt journey past the printers so all 4 sides get custom,
calculated, explosive overlap inkjet printing on all their sides. Lasers that engrave fractal hydrophilic patterns on the dust and powder produced from explosions produce heap leachable ores with over an order of magnitude or two orders of magnitude more
surface area than unetched powder. Not only do the lasers etch 3D fractals, the particle sizes can be so small the rock dust oxidizes/weathers in less than a month leaving micropowders that want to turn into even tinier crumbly flakes when centrifuge
dewatered/dried; you can also use metamaterial superlensing to etch 20 nanometer or smaller fractal surface area increasers on the powder with visible light as an effect of superlensing. That order of magnitude greater surface area from superlensing and
even complete drill through causes heap leachate to accumulate elements an order of magnitude faster than regular etched fractals, and two orders of magnitude faster and richer or leachate not laser engraved, and the actual drill holes to promote
leaching fluid freshness and flow. Another mining heap leaching technology: can h2o2 from ozonation of water speed up oxidation, weathering and autoflaking 100 times? If so then rapid weathering h2o2 treatment further decreases particle size, making a
second round of heap leaching as element getting as the first round of leaching or even moreso. When lasers are used to engrave and drill the powder it is likely a 11W laser per conveyor line casts a time interval compressed pulse of laser light lasting
a few nanoseconds or picoseconds 1000 times a minute, one or several picosecond pulses aimed at each exploding big rock. The laser utilizes a bright point field grating pattern that casts billions of bright engraving fractal points over an area of a few
M^2 that encompasses the explosion cloud. Because the 11 watt continuous laser is turned on and off a bunch of times to engrave different powder and dust particles in the explosion cloud, and because known technologies take 1/20 th of a second of 11w
semiconductor laser light and chirp it to be 49 million times briefer (picosecond) interval there is sufficient energy to etch a billion points on exploding powder mid air with picosecond lasers. Again, the laser arrangement also utilizes metamaterial
superlensing to make 20 nm or smaller etched fractals, hydrophilic trough shapes \–––/, and drilled through holes. 11 watts of laser diode is $44 on alibaba so 100W might be better. The h2o2 weathered flaky particles after the second heap leaching
still has thousands of atoms long dimension cubed (billion contiguous atoms) if the particles are more than 10nm in diameter. That suggests bacterial, yeast, or plant upgathering of the remaining metal or other elements. I read there are plants that will
accumulate up to 17% of their dry mass as metals, so similar numbers seem possible for bacteria, electrosynthetic and published electricity eating bacteria and yeast. Perhaps thick cultures of amoebas that practice engulfment of food particles would
engulf nanoparticles coated with cheap food, like synthetic octane-COOH food oil, and, with added genetic engineering, digest the nanoparticle minerals more fully, releasing the metals as ions in solution for either evaporative concentration or
electrowinning. Similarly, lichen eat oxidized rocks, a genetically modified few-cell lichen that can live underwater in giant ponds containing turbidized post leachate nanoparticles could concentrate metals in its tissues and be easily separated by
centrifuging the pond water. If the two orders of magnitude greater concentration ore leachate arises from laser etching of powder, then that could more than double the cheapness of metals previously described to 1/72 of 2020 metal valuations. That
makes palladium be available at $23/ounce, and tungsten at about 38¢/Kg.

One technology that could complement getting big rocks to explosively powderize at mines are new ways to get big rocks/ore chunks. I perceive that during 2021 explosives in the mine were used. That's efficient, although it is also possible, perhaps, to
use a water jet cutter that recycles its working fluid, saturated with bismuth ions for the greatest F=MA from larger mass than water, work at 1 meters per minute, at a 14x14 grid of water jet/ water ice (wikipedia) cutting chunk outlines. That would
supply a single 200 meters per minute explosive printing line conveyor belt's big rocks. A possible improvement to water/ice jet cutting is to send ultrasound along the water spray line so it reaches the ice crystals abrading the rock, causing the ice
crystals to press against the rock and either trace a circle against the cutting surface, or wiggle a lot, or both. That imparts much more cutting ability to the ice crystals than an ice crystal abrasive system with a single percuss and rebound. If the
ice crystals used can be tuned to absorb acoustic solitons then they are flung/driven into the cutting surface with much greater force than the velocity of the cutting waterjet, causing faster material removal. Similarly if the ice crystal blobs have an
acoustic resonance frequency shared with the acoustic beam then they will twang and wiggle a large amount when meeting the progressively deepening water/ice/acoustic cut, making it go deeper faster. Acoustic/ultrasonic solitons and resonance frequencies
will also work at water jet cutters that use insoluble abrasives. One advantage of water jet cutting chunks of ore is to Improve % metal yield, just have the water jet cutting follow narrow rich ore seams based on xray fluorescence. So that's an
advantage over explosive production of big rocks at the mine: 2-11 times greater metal concentration and metal yield for the same powderizing and ore leaching effort from better richer big rocks. Another water additive besides 11 times more mass (and
thus force) water jetted per second bismuth solution, or superheavy high waterjet force impact bismuth containing ice abrasion crystals could be additives that effect the number of hydration shells at water, 23 might be more effective than 3. Another
possibility for a water jet cutter additive is minute frozen mudballs. The mud is made of the <9 nanometer sized double post ore leaching powder, and because it is near or above the hardness of the mine face it makes a better waterjet cutting additive
than ice alone, and the combined frozen mudballs can contain bismuth frozen solution for extra high momentum and force frozen mudballs, wikipedia notes corundum water pressure sleeve to lengthen waterjet life, amorphous fullerene glass tube. Or just tube
inner coating could be even better, a variety of the cheapest chemicals makeable onsite could be tested to see if they increase the velocity of waterjet cutting. Electrolysis of brine, perhaps from an onsite well can produce strongly basic and acidic
electrode water, chlorine water from chlorine gas electrolysis, electrical discharge through nitrogen oxygen and water might make nitric oxide which dissolves in water to make nitric acid, nitric acid can be used to make nitrocellulose or other
nitrorxplosive which explodes when it strikes the the rock face of the waterjet cut. Nitrocellulose iceballs or mudballs could have an optimized for sufficient explosive energy size. Its easy to imagine that an explosive waterjet abrasive cuts rock 2-20
times faster than a regular water/ice jet cutter. If it is 20 times faster then each waterjet/explosive iceball machine can cut a 14x14 chunk array at 20 meters/minute, an amount of big rock chunks sufficient for 20 conveyor belts of rocks to be
powderized, that doubles mine output and profitability. Besides nitrocellulose there may be other nitrate polymer explosives like nitro-low density polyethylene with AMU mass tunable explosive properties.

Leachate solution moves sideways with active electrodes on distal parts of a long rectangular leachate trough, this is sort of like moving the ions through a "salt bridge" at a two jar battery. If the leachate solution can be made to travel horizontally
as well as gravity vertically then it solutionizes more metal ions between pump events. Its possible sometimes the metals in the leach heap come as oxides in the makeup of the rock, and anything that reduces those oxides, turns them to metal, poises them
to become the next preferred thing, metal ions in solution. Again, doing osmotic concentration of h3o electrified electrode water makes an acid that deoxygenates/unoxidizes metals. If you have both cheap sulfur and cheap chlorine from brine, you can
combine Hcl and h2so4 to make aqua regia blend which dissolves gold and many other metals, many ore leach heaps use cyanide to glom metals, cyanide water surrounding a negative electrode that is building up oh- is maybe, maybe not, even more likely to
glom a metal atom, so as a primitive idea, put a carbon electrode in the center of the leaching heap, and a couple more at the perimeter, then if electricity is cheap make the solution electrically superreducing, and containing aqua regia, and dissolved
cyanide all at the same time for much faster (2-3 times) concentration of metal ions in the leachate solution. I have a feeling all that would be well known to a mining chemist and is trivial. Bacteria, proteus and paramecia and euglena could be
encouraged to live at high densities and all heights in ore leachate heaps and ponds, their swimming action would stir the leaching liquid right at the mineral surface, freshening it at the mineral contact surface. Noting that inorganic acids (leaching
fluids) are not enzymes, every 18• F often doubles enzyme activity. Using big cheap sturdy multiyear solar reflectors and passive solar thermal mass to warm each leaching heap 18°F could double its metal dissolving and leaching ability per time period.
Insulating the pond/heap lining could keep the leachate 18°F warmer overnight, sustaining higher reaction rates.

Ion exchange resin technology two color photovoltaic gives choice of positive or negative surface charge, compare ¢1/100-(maybe)1000 SMD capacitor+inductor pair such that different radio frequency stimulation gives choice of positive or negative pedot
conductive polymer/ion exchange resin/gel/millifiore metal striped low density polyethylene full of different sized pores/dilute electroless plating metal submicrodots at zeolites (microwave); coconut covered dessert balls with real 1/10th volume ion
exchange resin flakes and capacitor inductor ¢1/1000 gel core that pulls ions osmotically to freshwater-like gel core, compare ion migrateability between resin bead and super cheap directional polyester or polyethylene paintbrush tip, electret
polyethylene origamied to have different outside and inside electronegativity, or similar with millifiore or swiss roll, hadley cell transports real exchange ions from real coconut ion exchange resin to bead core using dessicated bowling ball that
shrinks from the middle when dried, pulling surface stuff into center if air dried or microwaved, polypyrrole-COOH is pull liquids (and ions) towards it, and center bead, compressed shock bonded polymer and sublimator chemical sublimates to leave ultra
high amounts of fractal space and surface area, electrophoretic activated carbon duosided electric between side migration beads, "why not just do a thick chunky electrophoresis gel like a comb where the laser zaps off the comb teeth that are not the
metal/ion you are looking for 100 grams of cheap electrophoretic comb/tabfile gel gathers 1-3 grams of gold ions or palladium ions, actual ion exchange resin, but like a jax in a plastic bubble, 2D SDS-page gel conductor nuggets, chromatograpy corncobs/
dowels and automated microtomes, eutectic liquid metal, negatively charged or acidic inside whiffle ball, substitutes for hg amalgam while simultaneously plating metals out of solution, pedot millifiore or swiss roll with varied carbon-pedot Pocky
lengths .5-5mm causing pedot swiss role layers to have different voltages and absorb completely different ions and metals, same pedot carbon pocky thing, but with a transparent heap leaching electric garden hose you can do spectroscopy on, the sides or
wide spots in the hose build up nodules.charged oil solvent extraction, charged choline/liposomes solvent extraction use polyglycine triple amino acid on choline to use negative charge to glom positive metals, use tripolyphenylphosphonium on choline to
glom negatively charged elements, and either with a solvent (tripolyglycine 16-Alkane), (triphenylphosphonium 16-alkane) at a large 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10K, 100K liters of water n ions solvent extraction. What are called metal soaps made from a metal salt
and a fatty acid could precipitate out of large water volumes (example Ca makes an insoluble soap scum) as a way to gather specific metals out of heap leachate mining water, perhaps the metal soaps are highly element specific or can be made to be so very
cheaply noting that a really vast number of branched as well as straight, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids exist, and electrolysis of brine can be used to generate chlorine gas that when microbubbled through ore heap leachate creates the metal
chloride if dried salt equivalent. A collection of various combined metal soaps from a plurality of valuable metals could be sorted out by adding different vegetable oils/fatty acids, ultrasonicating with the metal soap, then centrifuging to get clear
oil with purified particular valuable metal soap dissolved in it, a "seven layer drink" of nonmiscable solvents, if that's possible, ultrasonicated with varied metal soaps, then centrifuged to restore the 7 layer stack, with a different metallic soap
concentrated in each layer. Food vegetable oil, perhaps soybean oil is $60/metric ton at alibaba, making metallic soap element separation chemistry very cheap. One thing that would benefit this technology is very high specificity oils or branched oils
that pull only calcium, magnesium, sodium, aluminum and iron out of the ore heap leachate fluid, leaving/concentrating the rarer more valuable elements in the partially reacted ore heap leachate fluid. Likely known to many actual chemists but not to me
is the effect of putting valuable metal salt seed crystals on a string in a saturated or supersaturated ore heap leachate solution to grow purified crystals of valued molecules like palladium chloride and cobalt chloride, ruthenium chloride, and gold
chloride, and tungsten chloride and silver chloride or silverNo3. Besides the seed crystals on a string approach, seed crystals equispaced on a dipstick could be used. Or even a stack of flow-through slotted disk trays, each with its own crystal seed
coating, to accumulate valued elements in a continuously pumped ore heap leaching fluid saturated solution. To facilitate growth on the flow through seed crystal trays the fluid or seed crystal trays could be refrigerated to decrease solubility.

As previously described, making ozone then dissolving it in water makes hydrogen peroxide, which at 90% water solution is highly reactive with minerals/ore leaching heaps, providing the equivalent of rock weathering and softening hundreds or thousands of
times faster than time and weather weathering and induced softness and flakiness of rocks, particularly if the h2o2 solution is electrified and contains a detergent wetting agent. Wikipedia says heap leaching recovers 60% of the valued element(s) in ore
particles. With 1000 times faster weathering porosity of the mineral comminutions and powders goes way up, strongly increasing effective leachable surface area perhaps order or orders of magnitude. As an industrial process comminuted and powdered ore
rock is first hyper weathered with hydrogen peroxide in an electrified container, then as prrviously described laser engraved with fractal surface, notably metamaterial superlensing of the lasers causes 20 nm or smaller fractal surface engraving. If each
of these three treatments contributes to an order of magnitude greater mineral surface area for ore leaching then it is possible heap leaching could be 99% effective when concentrating valued elements in solution. That then makes heap leaching newly 65%
more efficient causing a large plurality of metals and elements to be 65% cheaper. Then, as previously described new ways of cutting or cut-exploding mineral chunks at the mine face (frozen mudball with nitrogen explosive water jet cutting) could reduce
cost to mine, weighted for following high metal concentration ore veins, by 40%, and previously described inkjet printed custom computer guided explosives to create a much smaller particle and powder size at the leaching heap, for much less expense than
2020 rock crushing, saves as much as 80% on the expense of comminuting rock to powder and other minimal diameter heap leachable mineral forms, then a valued element like cobalt that is 2020 $49/kg goes down to about 51-60¢ per kilogram from all the
described technologies simultaneously. This benefits people in both the developed and developing world from making many things much cheaper and more affordable and makes new applications possible like increasing the environmental benignness of
hydrocarbon and ch4 energy generation, while making things like tungsten gas turbines have only about 1% of their cost from element materials, similarly any generator or motor, from municipal electric generation, to hvac, to electric vehicles to power
tools could start being made from more efficient 20-40¢/Kg silver conductors

Another possible rock and mineral comminution and powdering teçhnology is using imaging to scan each big rock chunk for grain, dislocations, inclusions and internal creases and then have the computer design a custom acoustic or ultrasonic soliton tuned
to the shape of that feature that can be emitted by sonic or ultrasonic transducers coupled to the big mineral chunk with a partly full to fully immersing tank of water. The constructed soliton wave travels through the water and coupled rock to crash
against its calculation source feature with whatever kind of verticle, transverse, or rotational force is calculated to produce the smallest fragments and mineral dust, if the mineral chunk is unchanged after one acoustic specific soliton then a whole
train of single, overlapping resonant, and cofocalized solitons are directed at the big rock, all with a computed high likeliness of producing many microrocks and a lot of leachable rock powder. Another thing that could be done, perhaps simultaneously is
to have computers note the entire big rock shape and find its resonant frequency, and repeatedly restimulating it until the big rock shatters. At alibaba a very strong perhaps double digit watt ultrasonic transducer in a wired metal coupler is less than $
11. At processing a total of 200*3 big rocks per minute, with a very large 4 transducers aimed through the water per big rock is only $24000 to simultaneously be able to crush 600 big rocks for a minute each as the rocks travel underwater towards the
inkjet explosive printing area and then along the conveyor to the laser stimulated midair explosion power pile. As a slight new feature overhead lasers can drill 8 cm deep holes in the rocks very rapidly before they reach the explosive printing and drill
channel explosive filling area. Compared with just surface flat explosions, explosions from nitrochemicals that fill rock channels at depth are likely to make more tiny chunks and powder

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