XPost: sci.military.naval, soc.history.war.misc

from https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2024/03/13/what-navy-destroyers-bring-to-the-red-sea-fight/

(But a key is, is it more expensive for us to defend, and lose some
tankers etc., or for them to attack.)

What Navy destroyers bring to the Red Sea fight
By Zamone Perez
Mar 13, 02:00 AM

The U.S. Navy destroyer Gravely launches a Tomahawk missile in response
to Houthi militant attacks in the Red Sea on Jan. 12, 2024. (MC2
Jonathan Word/U.S. Navy)
Since the Israel-Hamas war began on Oct. 7, Iran-backed Houthi rebels in
Yemen have launched dozens of missiles at cargo and military vessels in
the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The Houthi rebels claim it’s in support of
the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, but their targets have
targeted vessels flagged from a variety of nations.

The Navy’s humble fleet of destroyers stands at the maritime spear tip
of the effort to stop the Iran-backed militia and its attacks on the economically vital sea lanes.

These workhorses of the American sea service, and the men and women that
crew them, are now getting a surplus of real-world experience in how to
use their expansive array of war systems to track and take out missiles
and attack drones.

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Meet the DDG
Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyers are the service’s longest-running ship program, first conceptualized to replace aging
Charles F. Adams class destroyers that retired in the coming decades,
according to the Congressional Research Service.

Since Houthis began launching attacks in October, U.S. Central Command
has confirmed that the destroyers Thomas Hudner, Gravely, Mason, Laboon
and Carney have all defeated at least one Houthi attack, according to
Military Time’s Red Sea attack tracker.

Although 92 destroyers have been ordered from industry to date, only 72
have been delivered to the service as of March 2023.

In service since 1991, each destroyer costs about $2.2 billion,
according to the Congressional Research Service.

Capabilities and systems
An American destroyer makes for a fearsome foe on the high seas largely
due to its AEGIS Weapons System.

Named after the shield used by the Greek god Zeus, AEGIS allows
destroyers to find and target enemies to an unparalleled level.

In laymen’s terms, AEGIS coordinates radar tracking with onboard
ordnance, ensuring that everything works together fluidly.

“[AEGIS] takes sensor inputs and allows efficient assignment of weapons
to target,” said Bradley Martin, a senior researcher at RAND Corporation
and retired surface warfare officer. “It says something like, ‘this
thing over here is a problem, you need to shoot it.’”

AEGIS can track more than 100 targets at a time, according to the Navy.

Once a ship’s crew has found an enemy that needs shooting, a Navy
destroyer has a bevy of options with which to fire.


The Navy destroyer Laboon on station in the Red Sea in December. (Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Alice Husted/Navy)

The Mark-41 Vertical Launch System uses one of the 96 cells to launch a
variety of missile options. The vertical launch system, or VLS, has
launched more than 4,200 missiles with a roughly 99 percent launch
success rate since program inception, according to the service.

In general, destroyers carry an array of missiles, such as tomahawks,
SM-6, SM-3, and SM-2 missiles, MK-46 torpedoes, Enhanced Sea Sparrow
Missiles and anti-submarine missiles, according to officials.

While vertical launch systems and AEGIS provide a layered defense,
letting destroyers take out Houthi missiles and drones well before
nearing the ship, destroyers also sport weapons of last resort, such as
the so-called “Close-In Weapons System,” or CIWS.

“Certainly they don’t want to rely on it because the response time is minimal, but when it has needed to be used, it’s very effective,” Martin said.

In at least one Red Sea incident, the destroyer Gravely shot down an
anti-ship cruise missile that got within one nautical mile of the
destroyer on Jan. 30. During that attack, the Gravely used its Phalanx
Close-In Weapons System to take the missile out, a defense official
later confirmed.

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Citing operations security, Navy officials have declined to describe the precise load-out of destroyers heading into the Red Sea region to take
on the Houthis.

While the ship is equipped to take on multiple types of threats on any deployment, load-outs can be modified depending on the theater, Martin said.

“Fundamentally, when a ship deploys, it’s ready to go pretty much
anywhere and defend against pretty much any type of threat,” Martin
said. “If the Navy knows that it’s very likely to be going to a
particular location, they might vary the weapons loadout a little bit.”

Despite the number of advanced systems on the destroyers, Martin
emphasized that one of the major questions about Red Sea operations
remains “wear and tear” — on both the systems and people running them.

“The challenge is that there are only a few ships, and these are real
human beings out there doing real stuff,” Martin said. “The wear and
tear on people, and the wear and tear on equipment, is something that
has to be recognized.”

About Zamone Perez
Zamone “Z” Perez is a rapid response reporter and podcast producer at Defense News and Military Times. He previously worked at Foreign Policy
and Ufahamu Africa. He is a graduate of Northwestern University, where
he researched international ethics and atrocity prevention in his
thesis. He can be found on Twitter @zamoneperez.

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