Power of stem cells harnessed to create cartilage tissue

Date:
September 28, 2021
Source:
University of Southampton
Summary:
Researchers have invented a new way to generate human cartilage
tissue from stem cells. The technique could pave the way for
the development of a much-needed new treatment for people with
cartilage damage.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers at the University of Southampton have invented a new way to generate human cartilage tissue from stem cells. The technique could
pave the way for the development of a much-needed new treatment for
people with cartilage damage.


========================================================================== Cartilage acts as a shock absorber in joints, but it is susceptible to
damage through daily wear-and-tear, or trauma from sports injuries and
falls. The current gold-standard surgical approach to restore regions of damaged cartilage, using cartilage cells, is not wholly successful. This
is because survival of the repair tissue, generated by cartilage cells
at the site of damage, has been shown to decrease significantly after
5-10 years. As such, there is a need for a new way to promote robust,
long-term repair through the implantation of cartilage tissue, as opposed
to cartilage cells, at the site of damage.

Scientists at the Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and
Regeneration think they may have found the answer. They generated
cartilage tissue in the laboratory by successfully differentiating
embryonic stem cells into cartilage cells, and then used these to generate three-dimensional pieces of cartilage tissue without any synthetic
or natural supporting materials. This is known as a 'scaffold-free'
cartilage tissue engineering technique. The generated cartilage tissue is structurally and mechanically comparable to normal human cartilage with
the potential to form a stable and longer lasting repair than current
treatment options available to patients.

The researchers are the first to use the scaffold-free technique to
generate cartilage tissue, which is scaled up beyond 1 mm without
adversely affecting its structural and mechanical properties. The team
hopes that eventually, after more research is conducted, this lab created tissue could be routinely used in surgery to mend damaged cartilage.

The interdisciplinary study, published in the journal Scientific Reports,
was led by Dr Franchesca Houghton and Dr Rahul Tare from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Southampton.

Dr Houghton said: "This research is exciting as our ability to generate cartilage with properties akin to normal human cartilage has the potential
to provide a robust tissue engineered product for cartilage repair."
Dr Tare adds: "This tissue-based approach of replacing 'like-for-like'
has the potential to constitute a step-change improvement in current
cell-based surgical approaches for repairing damaged cartilage and improve long-term patient outcomes." This research was funded by the Institute
for Life Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; Rosetrees Trust; MRC CiC and EPSRC IAA.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Southampton. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Lauren A. Griffith, Katherine M. Arnold, Bram G. Sengers, Rahul
S. Tare,
Franchesca D. Houghton. A scaffold-free approach to cartilage tissue
generation using human embryonic stem cells. Scientific Reports,
2021; 11 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97934-9 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210928074943.htm

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