Strength training can burn fat too, myth-busting study finds

Date:
September 22, 2021
Source:
University of New South Wales
Summary:
A new systematic review and meta-analysis shows we can lose around
1.4 per cent of our entire body fat through strength training
alone, which is similar to how much we might lose through cardio
or aerobics.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
It's basic exercise knowledge that to gain muscles, you strength train,
and to lose fat, you do cardio -- right?

==========================================================================
Not necessarily, a new UNSW study published this week in Sports Medicine suggests.

In fact, the study -- a systematic review and meta-analysis that reviewed
and analysed existing evidence -- shows we can lose around 1.4 per cent
of our entire body fat through strength training alone, which is similar
to how much we might lose through cardio or aerobics.

"A lot of people think that if you want to lose weight, you need to
go out and run," says senior author of the study Dr Mandy Hagstrom,
exercise physiologist and senior lecturer at UNSW Medicine & Health.

"But our findings show that even when strength training is done on its
own, it still causes a favourable loss of body fat without having to consciously diet or go running." Up until now, the link between strength training and fat loss has been unclear.

Studies have investigated this link in the past, but their sample
sizes tend to be small -- a side effect of not many people wanting to
volunteer to exercise for months on end. Smaller sample sizes can make
it difficult to find statistically significant results, especially as
many bodies can respond differently to exercise programs.



==========================================================================
"It can be really difficult to discern whether there's an effect or not
based on one study alone," says Dr Hagstrom. "But when we add all of these studies together, we effectively create one large study, and can get a
much clearer idea of what's going on." Dr Hagstrom and her team pulled together the findings from 58 research papers that used highly accurate
forms of body fat measurement (like body scans, which can differentiate
fat mass from lean mass) to measure the outcomes from strength training programs. Altogether, the studies included 3000 participants, none of
which had any previous weight training experience.

While the strength training programs differed between the studies, the participants worked out for roughly 45-60 minutes each session for an
average of 2.7 times per week. The programs lasted for about five months.

The team found that, on average, the participants lost 1.4 per cent of
their total body fat after their training programs, which equated to
roughly half a kilo in fat mass for most participants.

While the findings are encouraging for fans of pumping iron, Dr Hagstrom
says the best approach for people who are aiming to lose fat is still
to stick to eating nutritiously and having an exercise routine that
includes both aerobic/ cardio and strength training.



==========================================================================
But if aerobics and cardio just aren't your thing, the good news is you
don't need to force it.

"If you want to exercise to change your body composition, you've got
options," says Dr Hagstrom.

"Do what exercise you want to do and what you're most likely to stick to." Busting the fat loss myth Part of the reason many people think strength training doesn't live up to cardio in terms of fat loss comes down to inaccurate ways of measuring fat.

For example, many people focus on the number they see on the scale --
that is, their total body weight. But this figure doesn't differentiate
fat mass from everything else that makes up the body, like water, bones
and muscles.

"More often than not, we don't gain any muscle mass when we do aerobic training," says Dr Hagstrom. "We improve our cardiorespiratory fitness,
gain other health and functional benefits, and can lose body fat.

"But when we strength train, we gain muscle mass andlose body fat, so
the number on the scales won't look as low as it would after aerobics
training, especially as muscle weighs more than fat." The research team focused on measuring how much the total body fat percentage - - that is,
the amount of your body that's made up of fat mass -- changed after
strength training programs. This measurement showed fat loss appears
to be on par with aerobics and cardio training, despite the different
figures on the scales.

"A lot of fitness recommendations come from studies that use inaccurate measurement tools, like bioelectrical impedance or scales," says Dr
Hagstrom.

"But the most accurate and reliable way of assessing body fat is through
DEXA, MRI or CT scans. They can compartmentalise the body and separate fat
mass from lean tissue." While this study didn't show whether variables
like exercise duration, frequency, intensity, or set volume impacted
fat loss percentage, the team hope to next investigate whether howwe
strength train can change the amount of fat loss.

A better way of measuring progress As part of their study, the team
conducted a sub-analysis comparing how different ways of measuring fat
can influence a study's findings.

Interestingly, it showed that when papers used more accurate measurements
like body scans, they tended to show lower overall changes in body fat.

"Using accurate fat measurements is important because it gives us a more realistic idea of what body changes to expect," says lead author of the
study Mr Michael Wewege, PhD candidate at UNSW and NeuRA.

"Future exercise studies can improve their research by using these more accurate body measurements." Reframing the way we measure progress
doesn't just apply to sports researchers, but to everyday people, too.

"Resistance training does so many fantastic things to the body that
other forms of exercise don't, like improving bone mineral density,
lean mass and muscle quality. Now, we know it also gives you a benefit
we previously thought only came from aerobics," says Dr Hagstrom.

"If you're strength training and want to change how your body looks,
then you don't want to focus on the number on the scale too much,
because it won't show you all your results.

"Instead, think about your whole body composition, like how your
clothes fit and how your body will start to feel, and move, differently." ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
University_of_New_South_Wales. Original written by Sherry Landow. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Michael A. Wewege, Imtiaz Desai, Cameron Honey, Brandon Coorie,
Matthew
D. Jones, Briana K. Clifford, Hayley B. Leake, Amanda
D. Hagstrom. The Effect of Resistance Training in Healthy
Adults on Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass and Visceral Fat: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 2021; DOI:
10.1007/s40279-021-01562-2 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210922121905.htm

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