Touted as clean, 'blue' hydrogen may be worse than gas, coal,
researchers say

Date:
August 12, 2021
Source:
Cornell University
Summary:
'Blue' hydrogen -- an energy source that involves a process for
making hydrogen by using methane in natural gas -- is being lauded
as a clean, green energy to help reduce global warming. But authors
of a new report believe it may harm the climate more than burning
fossil fuel.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== "Blue" hydrogen -- an energy source that involves a process for making
hydrogen by using methane in natural gas -- is being lauded as a clean,
green energy to help reduce global warming. But Cornell and Stanford
University researchers believe it may harm the climate more than burning
fossil fuel.


==========================================================================
The carbon footprint to create blue hydrogen is more than 20% greater
than using either natural gas or coal directly for heat, or about 60%
greater than using diesel oil for heat, according to new research
published in Energy Science & Engineering.

Robert Howarth, professor of ecology and environmental biology at Cornell, together with Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford, authored the report.

Blue hydrogen starts with converting methane to hydrogen and carbon
dioxide by using heat, steam and pressure, or gray hydrogen, but
goes further to capture some of the carbon dioxide. Once the byproduct
carbon dioxide and the other impurities are sequestered, it becomes blue hydrogen, according to the U.S.

Department of Energy.

The process to make blue hydrogen takes a large amount of energy,
according to the researchers, which is generally provided by burning
more natural gas.

"In the past, no effort was made to capture the carbon dioxide byproduct
of gray hydrogen, and the greenhouse gas emissions have been huge,"
Howarth said.

"Now the industry promotes blue hydrogen as a solution, an approach that
still uses the methane from natural gas, while attempting to capture the byproduct carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, emissions remain very large."
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, Howarth said. It is more than 100
times stronger as an atmospheric warming agent than carbon dioxide when
first emitted. The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change report released on Aug. 9 shows that cumulatively to date over
the past century, methane has contributed about two-thirds as much to
global warming as carbon dioxide has, he said.



========================================================================== Emissions of blue hydrogen are less than for gray hydrogen, but only by
about 9% to 12%.

"Blue hydrogen is hardly emissions free," wrote the researchers. "Blue
hydrogen as a strategy only works to the extent it is possible to store
carbon dioxide long-term indefinitely into the future without leakage back
to the atmosphere." On Aug. 10, the U.S. Senate passed its version of
the $1 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which includes
several billion dollars to develop, subsidize and strengthen hydrogen technology and its industry.

"Political forces may not have caught up with the science yet,"
Howarth said.

"Even progressive politicians may not understand for what they're
voting. Blue hydrogen sounds good, sounds modern and sounds like a path
to our energy future. It is not." An ecologically friendly "green"
hydrogen does exist, but it remains a small sector and it has not been commercially realized. Green hydrogen is achieved when water goes through electrolysis (with electricity supplied by solar, wind or hydroelectric
power) and the water is separated into hydrogen and oxygen.

"The best hydrogen, the green hydrogen derived from electrolysis -- if
used wisely and efficiently -- can be that path to a sustainable future," Howarth said. "Blue hydrogen is totally different." This research was supported by a grant from the Park Foundation. Howarth is a fellow at
the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Cornell_University. Original written
by Blaine Friedlander, courtesy of the Cornell Chronicle. Note: Content
may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Robert W. Howarth, Mark Z. Jacobson. How green is blue
hydrogen? Energy
Science & Engineering, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/ese3.956 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210812161902.htm

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