Potential to identify risk of Alzheimer's in middle age with simple eye
test

Date:
February 10, 2022
Source:
University of Otago
Summary:
A simple eye test may make diagnosing the earliest stages of
'diseases of old age' possible when people are much younger,
researchers hope.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A simple eye test may make diagnosing the earliest stages of 'diseases
of old age' possible when people are much younger, University of Otago researchers hope.


========================================================================== Parts of our retina have previously been proposed as biomarkers for Alzheimer's, but researchers from Otago's Dunedin Multidisciplinary
Health and Development Research Unit have been investigating the retina's potential to indicate cognitive change earlier in life.

Study lead Dr Ashleigh Barrett-Young says diseases of old age, such as Alzheimer's, are usually diagnosed when people start forgetting things
or acting out of character.

"This is often when the disease is quite far along. Early detection is
possible through MRI or other brain imaging, but this is expensive and impractical for most.

"In the near future, it's hoped that artificial intelligence will be able
to take an image of a person's retina and determine whether that person is
at risk for Alzheimer's long before they begin showing symptoms, and when
there is a possibility of treatment to mitigate the symptoms," she says.

The study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, analysed data from 865 Dunedin Study participants looking specifically at the retinal nerve fibre layer
(RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) at age 45.

Dr Barrett-Young says they found thicker RNFL and GCL in middle age was associated with better cognitive performance in childhood and adulthood.

Thinner RNFL was also linked to a greater decline in processing speed
(the speed in which a person can understand and react to the information
they receive) from childhood to adulthood.

"These findings suggest that RNFL could be an indicator of overall brain health. This highlights the potential for optical scans to aid in the
diagnosis of cognitive decline.

"Given we haven't been able to treat advanced Alzheimer's, and that the
global prevalence of the disease is increasing, being able to identify
people in the preclinical stage, when we may still have the chance to intervene, is really important," she says.

Further studies are required to determine if retinal thinning predicts Alzheimer's, or just the normal cognitive decline of old age, but the researchers have hope.

"In the future, these findings could result in AI being used
to take a typical optical coherence tomography scan, done at an
optometrist, and combine it with other health data to determine
your likely risk for developing Alzheimer's." special promotion
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in this free online course from New Scientist -- Sign_up_now_>>> ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Otago. Note: Content
may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Ashleigh Barrett-Young, Antony Ambler, Kirsten Cheyne, Hayley
Guiney,
Jesse Kokaua, Barbara Steptoe, Yih Chung Tham, Graham A. Wilson,
Tien Yin Wong, Richie Poulton. Associations Between Retinal Nerve
Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Layer in Middle Age and Cognition
From Childhood to Adulthood. JAMA Ophthalmology, 2022; DOI: 10.1001/
jamaophthalmol.2021.6082 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210113227.htm

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