• Retro Electro Workshop (Yesterday)

    From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to All on Tue Aug 15 22:06:05 2023
    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it
    too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved
    wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the
    replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to look
    at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't go amiss
    - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at all is too
    few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining things (to a near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would certainly benefit from
    some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it is entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been men so
    far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby; however, it
    _does_ give some information on how things work. But not at people like
    us.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    It's quickly getting to a place where privacy will be cause for suspicion.
    - Mayayana in alt.windows7.general, 2018-11-6.

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  • From Ashley Booth@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Wed Aug 16 07:25:25 2023
    J. P. Gilliver wrote:

    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it
    too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the
    replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to
    look at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't
    go amiss - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at
    all is too few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining
    things (to a near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would
    certainly benefit from some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it
    is entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been
    men so far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby;
    however, it does give some information on how things work. But not at
    people like us.

    I'm amazed at the prices. ?500 for an old boom box!!

    --

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  • From Mark Carver@21:1/5 to Roderick Stewart on Wed Aug 16 09:02:52 2023
    On 16/08/2023 08:52, Roderick Stewart wrote:

    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us
    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out. They may also have learnt
    from mistakes and sometimes tell us about those so that we can learn
    too. Their main objective is that we get to understand something of
    the subject matter, whereas the main objective of TV producers is to concentrate on 'production values' rather than content and make
    something attention grabbing and entertaining for other people like themselves who don't understand it at all.

    You beat me to saying exactly the same

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  • From Roderick Stewart@21:1/5 to G6JPG@255soft.uk on Wed Aug 16 08:52:10 2023
    On Tue, 15 Aug 2023 22:06:05 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it
    too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved >wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more >electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the
    replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to look
    at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't go amiss
    - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at all is too
    few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining things (to a >near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would certainly benefit from
    some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it is >entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been men so
    far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby; however, it
    _does_ give some information on how things work. But not at people like
    us.

    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us
    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out. They may also have learnt
    from mistakes and sometimes tell us about those so that we can learn
    too. Their main objective is that we get to understand something of
    the subject matter, whereas the main objective of TV producers is to concentrate on 'production values' rather than content and make
    something attention grabbing and entertaining for other people like
    themselves who don't understand it at all.

    Rod.

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  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Roderick Stewart on Wed Aug 16 10:30:39 2023
    In message <cavodi12o47llmeur2u1tpmmsgovfcobuk@4ax.com> at Wed, 16 Aug
    2023 08:52:10, Roderick Stewart <rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> writes
    On Tue, 15 Aug 2023 22:06:05 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:
    []
    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the >>replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to look
    at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't go amiss
    - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at all is too
    few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining things (to a >>near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would certainly benefit from
    some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it is >>entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been men so >>far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby; however, it
    _does_ give some information on how things work. But not at people like
    us.

    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us

    Depends why you think I'm watching them. Sure, I don't expect to learn
    anything from them (well, I do learn the odd thing): I'm watching them
    mainly to see what they're saying to the general public. And given the
    broad level of knowledge - basically from zero (or even negative!) to
    marginal - they can't be _that_ informative/educational.

    I was just a bit surprised at the poor _technical_ production values in
    this one, compared to say "The Repair Shop": no closeups (or out of
    focus), very brief looks.

    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out. They may also have learnt
    from mistakes and sometimes tell us about those so that we can learn
    too. Their main objective is that we get to understand something of

    Yes, there is some excellent stuff on YT - either specific (how to
    change the screen on a specific make of laptop), or technically
    informative (a look at laserdisc players, that sort of thing). But aimed
    at people like us - wouldn't be accepted by mainstream commissioning
    editors, I fear - though IMO some of them would definitely make good
    prog.s. If the fear is that the audience with sufficient knowledge is
    niche, then surely the same could be said of opera, many of the BBC4
    music genres, football, property porn, and many other prog. types that
    they _do_ show.

    the subject matter, whereas the main objective of TV producers is to >concentrate on 'production values' rather than content and make
    something attention grabbing and entertaining for other people like >themselves who don't understand it at all.

    In which case this particular prog. failed even by those criteria.

    Rod.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    I don't see the requirement to upset people. ... There's enough to make fun of without offending. - Ronnie Corbett, in Radio Times 6-12 August 2011.

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  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Wed Aug 16 11:32:00 2023
    No that was right. Last week with the Spectrum, they did not mention quite
    why ram chips fail. It was because Uncle Clive bought duff chips with only
    half the chip working and then put links in the pcbs to use the good half.
    This tended to mean that the quality of the working bit could be said to be suspect. Certainly most of the ones I had had some stock faults. Ram was the main one, Then I think it was TRY, which was a little psu to make the p-5v
    from the +5 coming out of the regulator, If this failed badly it could take
    a ram chip with it, and failed to power add ons like vtx 500 modems and the like. The ULA often was damaged if things were pulled off the port while it was powered up, along with tr4.

    Those are impossible to source, since the Sinclair ones were made by
    Ferranti and thus no longer exist. There used to be a bodge of the most
    common failing of a gate using a transistor soldered over the top of the
    chip. You can of course still get z80 chips, and if you can still program Eproms the files to blow these are still out there.
    The rubber key membranes are still sold, but are better made these days and
    do not crack. The best Spectrum to get was the later series 5 which had the heat sink in one corner. The ones from issue 2 and up to that were using a
    heat sink above the peripherals slot which cooked the membrane and got very
    hot when things were plugged in.
    Most people tended to put the pcb inside a keyboard case, but I don't think you can get them any more. There was a better feeling keyboard sold as the plus upgrade kit, but in my experience, the weak link was still the el
    cheapo membranes they used. When Amstrad took it over the keyboard issues
    went away, as did overheating.

    On the tech level of the show, yes I agree. They never said what he did to clean up the vintage radios volume control, as from experience there was no other course but to replace it, since the leaky capacitors around there
    would have put DC on it and that is a good way to wear it out.

    He was right about aligning it though, these do drift and the new
    capacitors would mean you had to do that. Also a good clean up of the
    contacts on the tuning capacitor would have been needed, but those were exceptionally well built in that vintage with air spaced vanes, none of your mica ones you found in transistor sets that went wrinkly and hence drifted.

    I was surprised the double sided record deck was fine after a new stylus a
    clen up and new belts. Its been my experience with another one of those that the thing tends to have major issues with tracking a whole album due to crap engineering in the various components in pararell tracking arms or worn
    bearing in the pivoted arms. Brian

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    "J. P. Gilliver" <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote in message news:YRUnRgT9i+2kFw45@255soft.uk...
    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved
    wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the
    replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to look
    at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't go amiss - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at all is too few.
    The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining things (to a
    near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would certainly benefit from
    some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it is entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been men so
    far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby; however, it
    _does_ give some information on how things work. But not at people like
    us.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    It's quickly getting to a place where privacy will be cause for suspicion.
    - Mayayana in alt.windows7.general, 2018-11-6.

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  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to Ashley Booth on Wed Aug 16 11:36:49 2023
    Yes I think I'd only go to 200 for the boombox, even if it is a rare one,
    most of the ones I've seen are double cassette and some of the later ones
    were quite sophisticated having Dolby and electronic counter. Really those
    belt driven ones were a waste of space. I had an akai which relied on that
    belt to operate the autostop switch, so when it stalled the recording
    stopped. I ended up with a hall effect device and a tiny changeover relay
    and a magnet araldite to the take up spool directly.
    Brian

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    "Ashley Booth" <removetab@snglinks.com> wrote in message news:kk3bv5FrigjU1@mid.individual.net...
    J. P. Gilliver wrote:

    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it
    too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved
    wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more
    electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the
    replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to
    look at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't
    go amiss - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at
    all is too few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining
    things (to a near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would
    certainly benefit from some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it
    is entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been
    men so far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby;
    however, it does give some information on how things work. But not at
    people like us.

    I'm amazed at the prices. ?500 for an old boom box!!

    --


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  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to Roderick Stewart on Wed Aug 16 11:43:47 2023
    Yes so why don't they save their budget and pay for the youtube stuff and
    shove it on mainstream telly?
    I think its deliberate, IE its like a for idiots guide almost. What is
    missing is a ref to some of those Youtube channels if this has pricked your interest.
    Even I can remember the number of people back in the day who managed to
    blow the tweeters in their speakers due to clipping in the amplifier. I and
    a friend found that many of these speakers supplied with hi fis with these underpowered amps, no matter what tweeter they used there was a peerless
    one that worked and you could tweak the crossover values a bit if it was too bright or too dull. We also fitted fast blow fuses while we were at it.
    Brian

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    "Roderick Stewart" <rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> wrote in message news:cavodi12o47llmeur2u1tpmmsgovfcobuk@4ax.com...
    On Tue, 15 Aug 2023 22:06:05 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it
    too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved >>wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more >>electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the >>replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to look
    at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't go amiss
    - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at all is too
    few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining things (to a >>near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would certainly benefit from
    some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it is >>entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been men so >>far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby; however, it
    _does_ give some information on how things work. But not at people like
    us.

    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us
    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out. They may also have learnt
    from mistakes and sometimes tell us about those so that we can learn
    too. Their main objective is that we get to understand something of
    the subject matter, whereas the main objective of TV producers is to concentrate on 'production values' rather than content and make
    something attention grabbing and entertaining for other people like themselves who don't understand it at all.

    Rod.

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  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to Mark Carver on Wed Aug 16 11:47:52 2023
    I learned a valuable lesson about glass dials in Valve radios. Do not use
    any kind of liquid to clean then, not even water, as they are often not
    bonded very well and tend to just melt away or move. Just use a soft brush
    and a vacuum. The best ones of course are engraved, so the dial lights
    refract on the cuts and illuminate them. I have one Lafayette radio with
    just glass in it now, sulk.
    Brian

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    "Mark Carver" <mark.carver@invalid.invalid> wrote in message news:kk3e5dFrkbbU1@mid.individual.net...
    On 16/08/2023 08:52, Roderick Stewart wrote:

    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us
    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out. They may also have learnt
    from mistakes and sometimes tell us about those so that we can learn
    too. Their main objective is that we get to understand something of
    the subject matter, whereas the main objective of TV producers is to
    concentrate on 'production values' rather than content and make
    something attention grabbing and entertaining for other people like
    themselves who don't understand it at all.

    You beat me to saying exactly the same


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  • From Adrian Caspersz@21:1/5 to Roderick Stewart on Wed Aug 16 13:40:32 2023
    On 16/08/2023 08:52, Roderick Stewart wrote:
    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us
    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out.

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers,

    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    --
    Adrian C

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  • From Roderick Stewart@21:1/5 to email@here.invalid on Wed Aug 16 14:37:47 2023
    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 13:40:32 +0100, Adrian Caspersz
    <email@here.invalid> wrote:

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers,

    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" >https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    I thought most of the concern about x-rays in early colour TVs was
    because they generated the EHT as a 25kV pulse which was then
    rectified by a single thermionic valve. I may be wrong but my
    understanding is that x-rays are generated when a high voltage stream
    of electrons hits something in a vacuum. More recent TVs only
    generated a pulse of about 8kV and didn't use valves at all, and no semiconductor had the full 25kV across it, so does this still apply?

    Rod.

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  • From John Williamson@21:1/5 to Adrian Caspersz on Wed Aug 16 15:07:44 2023
    On 16/08/2023 13:40, Adrian Caspersz wrote:
    On 16/08/2023 08:52, Roderick Stewart wrote:
    Once you've got into the habit of watching things like Mr Carlson's
    Lab, Adamant IT, Northridge Fix and others like them, anything
    supposedly informative about electronics on mainstream TV will be a
    waste of your time. Youtube channels where the presenter shows us
    their own material themselves are incomparably better because they
    know what to show us because they understand it and have experience of
    it and know what's important to point out.

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers,

    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    For many decades now, domestic TV sets have used CRT's with a lead glass faceplate. Alternatives are Bsarium-Strontium alloys.

    Both are very good at stopping the X Rays generated when the electron
    beam hits the phosphor.

    --
    Tciao for Now!

    John.

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  • From Roderick Stewart@21:1/5 to brian1gaff@gmail.com on Wed Aug 16 14:29:14 2023
    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 11:43:47 +0100, "Brian Gaff"
    <brian1gaff@gmail.com> wrote:

    Yes so why don't they save their budget and pay for the youtube stuff and >shove it on mainstream telly?

    It's been done, but I don't think the mainstream channels would want
    to do it very often as they'd find it hard to justify the money they'd
    want from advertisers or licence payers to broadcast material that
    Youtube presenters typically make themselves on a shoestring budget.

    They might also struggle to justify all the people they need to do it,
    when a lot of Youtube material seems to require only one person,
    occasionally with one or two assistants.

    A startling example of this is the series of programmes the BBC made
    with Youtube presenter Ogmios, who had been making his own series of
    programmes called the 'Ogmios School of Zen Motoring' just by driving
    around London with a dashcam and commenting on what he sees. From my description it might sound very dull, but he makes it interesting.
    Watch the originals on Youtube, not the BBC programmes. I could only
    bear to watch one of the BBC programmes as they had little of the
    character of the originals, including bits of completely gratuitous
    CGI gimmickry, and most horrifying of all, a stream of dozens of names
    in the end credits that whizzed up the screen faster than I could even
    count them, never mind read them. Presumably all those people had to
    be paid for whatever they did, but what exactly could they be
    contributing to a show that one person was perfectly capable of
    creating all by himself?

    Rod.

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  • From Stephen Wolstenholme@21:1/5 to rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk on Wed Aug 16 15:16:12 2023
    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 14:37:47 +0100, Roderick Stewart <rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> wrote:

    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 13:40:32 +0100, Adrian Caspersz
    <email@here.invalid> wrote:

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers, >>
    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" >>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    I thought most of the concern about x-rays in early colour TVs was
    because they generated the EHT as a 25kV pulse which was then
    rectified by a single thermionic valve. I may be wrong but my
    understanding is that x-rays are generated when a high voltage stream
    of electrons hits something in a vacuum. More recent TVs only
    generated a pulse of about 8kV and didn't use valves at all, and no >semiconductor had the full 25kV across it, so does this still apply?

    Rod.

    Coincidence! I just sent some comments about colour TV. I was one of
    the first engineers trained on colour TV, both NTSC and then PAL so I
    was supposed to be an expert. I remember "rumours" about standing too
    close to the early THORN sets. I would think that screening on the CRT
    would stop any x-rays.

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  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Roderick Stewart on Wed Aug 16 18:09:50 2023
    In message <4qjpdid34dklte2ube5meadnuga2jeh3k3@4ax.com> at Wed, 16 Aug
    2023 14:37:47, Roderick Stewart <rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> writes
    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 13:40:32 +0100, Adrian Caspersz
    <email@here.invalid> wrote:

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers, >>
    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" >>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    I thought most of the concern about x-rays in early colour TVs was

    Electrons travelling at speed hitting something is what generates X rays
    (even some X ray machines used that principle, though I think less so nowadays).

    because they generated the EHT as a 25kV pulse which was then

    The EHT was generated by the line output transformer - generally, the
    bigger the CRT the higher the voltage (I think the little Sinclair TVs
    used 1 kV, "bigger" CRTs - which mostly meant twentysomething inch! - up
    to, indeed, 25 kV). Colour needed a _bit_ more, but it was really more
    current rather than voltage, as only (slightly less than, towards the
    end - a lot less initially) a third of the fired electrons actually
    reached the screen. The LOPT produced the pulses at, indeed, line
    frequency.

    rectified by a single thermionic valve. I may be wrong but my

    Solid-state stick rectifiers for EHT did exist; since I managed to
    replace the thermionic one in a small (11" I think) set with a stick
    one, many decades ago, I presume the solid-state ones were the norm by
    the end. The thermionic valve was interesting - it was DY something, the
    D meaning I think 2 volt heater rather than the usual E 6.3V - because,
    due to the need for isolation, its heater was powered by a few turns off
    the LOPT, rather than the normal heater supply. (Well, there wasn't I
    think much of a heater supply - that set was all solid state - though
    the CRT itself must have had one.)

    understanding is that x-rays are generated when a high voltage stream
    of electrons hits something in a vacuum. More recent TVs only
    generated a pulse of about 8kV and didn't use valves at all, and no >semiconductor had the full 25kV across it, so does this still apply?

    Rod.

    No, very roughly, a kV per inch of screen size, so bigger sets still
    needed twentysomething kV. Which still had to be rectified, though as I
    say I think the rectification was solid state (the one I got for that
    little set was shaped like a short pencil - a little rod). Indeed, not
    _that_ long after colour became common, sets didn't have any valves in
    them, other than the CRT itself which is a valve. (_Early_ colour sets
    had lots of valves, and did quite a good job of heating the room!)

    Of course, more recent sets don't use CRTs, so no EHT needed. Most early flat-screen sets used a fluorescent backlight, so three figures of volts
    - I don't know if any such are still being made, or if they've all gone
    to LEDs now. Oh, plasma sets involved quite high voltages too, but I
    don't think they're still made either - even for big sets for stadium
    and similar use. Though I'm sure there are plenty still in use. (They're
    not very energy-efficient, so - as well as the difficulty of finding
    anywhere to repair them anyway - I suspect most are replaced rather than repaired when they go wrong.)
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    The first objective of any tyrant in Whitehall would be to make Parliament utterly subservient to his will; and the next to overturn or diminish trial by jury ..." Lord Devlin (http://www.holbornchambers.co.uk)

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Roderick Stewart@21:1/5 to stephenwolstenholme30@outlook.com on Thu Aug 17 08:12:29 2023
    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 15:16:12 +0100, Stephen Wolstenholme <stephenwolstenholme30@outlook.com> wrote:

    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 14:37:47 +0100, Roderick Stewart ><rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> wrote:

    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 13:40:32 +0100, Adrian Caspersz
    <email@here.invalid> wrote:

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers, >>>
    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" >>>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    I thought most of the concern about x-rays in early colour TVs was
    because they generated the EHT as a 25kV pulse which was then
    rectified by a single thermionic valve. I may be wrong but my
    understanding is that x-rays are generated when a high voltage stream
    of electrons hits something in a vacuum. More recent TVs only
    generated a pulse of about 8kV and didn't use valves at all, and no >>semiconductor had the full 25kV across it, so does this still apply?

    Rod.

    Coincidence! I just sent some comments about colour TV. I was one of
    the first engineers trained on colour TV, both NTSC and then PAL so I
    was supposed to be an expert. I remember "rumours" about standing too
    close to the early THORN sets. I would think that screening on the CRT
    would stop any x-rays.

    In the BBC workshops there were little glass tubes that we could fit
    over the EHT rectifier valve if we had to spend any time round the
    back of a display monitor. They were made of special glass intended to
    reduce x-rays, and it was specifically the EHT rectifier that was said
    to present the most danger. I suppose the x-rays would be generated by
    the electrons hitting the anode of the rectifier. Those early monitors
    used a 25kV pulse, unlike later ones that used smaller pulses and a
    kind of zigzag arrangement of diodes and capacitors as a voltage
    multiplier, usually a tripler. CRT displays are designed for people to
    sit in front of them, so I don't think there can have been much x-ray
    emission from the front.

    Rod.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Roderick Stewart on Thu Aug 17 09:27:13 2023
    In message <p3hrdi1k7rjf0770m2eugmp3lgd1o9jq4a@4ax.com> at Thu, 17 Aug
    2023 08:12:29, Roderick Stewart <rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> writes
    []
    In the BBC workshops there were little glass tubes that we could fit
    over the EHT rectifier valve if we had to spend any time round the
    back of a display monitor. They were made of special glass intended to
    reduce x-rays, and it was specifically the EHT rectifier that was said
    to present the most danger. I suppose the x-rays would be generated by
    the electrons hitting the anode of the rectifier. Those early monitors

    Sounds plausible; the rectifier valve normally being inside the set and
    so behind the CRT faceplate, and usually inside a metal structure
    anyway, the manufacturers of said valves probably didn't want to
    incorporate such into the valves themselves.

    used a 25kV pulse, unlike later ones that used smaller pulses and a
    kind of zigzag arrangement of diodes and capacitors as a voltage
    multiplier, usually a tripler. CRT displays are designed for people to

    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state
    rectifiers.

    sit in front of them, so I don't think there can have been much x-ray >emission from the front.

    Rod.

    That's why (or one of the reasons) they were so heavy: they included a
    good thickness of glass, I think lead glass, to protect viewers.

    I remember TV cabinets from 405-line days often had a plate of quite
    thick glass in the front (as part of the cabinet); I was never sure if
    that was to protect viewers in case of tube implosion, or from X-rays;
    probably a bit of both. Or to protect the CRT from damage from the
    viewer (or their dog, child, whatever)!
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Science fiction is escape into reality - Arthur C Clarke

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Roderick Stewart@21:1/5 to G6JPG@255soft.uk on Thu Aug 17 11:30:35 2023
    On Thu, 17 Aug 2023 09:27:13 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state >rectifiers.

    They were rare, though I did once encounter a tripler with wire ended
    valve rectifiers (EY51?) inside a sealed oil filled metal can. The
    price of curiosity was a right old mess that day. Triplers were more
    common in later designs with semiconductor diodes and capacitors
    potted in something solid.

    The advantage of using a tripler would be that no individual component
    would have the full voltage across it (except the CRT itself of
    course). The same would apply to the transformer, which was only
    required to produce an 8kV pulse rather than the full 25kV. The
    secondary transformer windings in the older designs even had to be
    wound in a thin disk shape so that both ends of the wire would be
    sufficiently far apart to withstand the high voltage. Triplers made
    the mechanical arrangement of everything slightly easier.

    Rod.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From steve1001908@outlook.com@21:1/5 to rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk on Thu Aug 17 13:47:49 2023
    On Thu, 17 Aug 2023 08:12:29 +0100, Roderick Stewart <rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> wrote:

    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 15:16:12 +0100, Stephen Wolstenholme ><stephenwolstenholme30@outlook.com> wrote:

    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 14:37:47 +0100, Roderick Stewart >><rjfs@escapetime.myzen.co.uk> wrote:

    On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 13:40:32 +0100, Adrian Caspersz
    <email@here.invalid> wrote:

    This guy does a deep dive into schematics at times, both TVs and computers, >>>>
    "I replaced the main board of this TV with brand new parts made in 2023!" >>>>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoqflFfvkR0


    Though I'd be a bit concerned about X-rays ...

    I thought most of the concern about x-rays in early colour TVs was >>>because they generated the EHT as a 25kV pulse which was then
    rectified by a single thermionic valve. I may be wrong but my >>>understanding is that x-rays are generated when a high voltage stream
    of electrons hits something in a vacuum. More recent TVs only
    generated a pulse of about 8kV and didn't use valves at all, and no >>>semiconductor had the full 25kV across it, so does this still apply?

    Rod.

    Coincidence! I just sent some comments about colour TV. I was one of
    the first engineers trained on colour TV, both NTSC and then PAL so I
    was supposed to be an expert. I remember "rumours" about standing too
    close to the early THORN sets. I would think that screening on the CRT >>would stop any x-rays.

    In the BBC workshops there were little glass tubes that we could fit
    over the EHT rectifier valve if we had to spend any time round the
    back of a display monitor. They were made of special glass intended to
    reduce x-rays, and it was specifically the EHT rectifier that was said
    to present the most danger. I suppose the x-rays would be generated by
    the electrons hitting the anode of the rectifier. Those early monitors
    used a 25kV pulse, unlike later ones that used smaller pulses and a
    kind of zigzag arrangement of diodes and capacitors as a voltage
    multiplier, usually a tripler. CRT displays are designed for people to
    sit in front of them, so I don't think there can have been much x-ray >emission from the front.

    Rod.

    I once had to "maintain" an Italian gadget that projected film or TV
    images onto a layer of oil and the reflection was displayed on a
    cinema screen. I don't think that it could have produced x-rays but it
    was impossible to get to the actual projector as it was locked in a
    very secure metal cylinder. The maintenance was mainly cleaning fans
    and filters. Before maintenance we had to allow 2 hours for it to cool
    down. I've a vague memory that it was made by a company called Cintela
    but that's now a sunscreen cream.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Angus Robertson - Magenta Systems L@21:1/5 to All on Thu Aug 17 14:06:00 2023
    I once had to "maintain" an Italian gadget that projected film or
    TV images onto a layer of oil and the reflection was displayed on a
    cinema screen.

    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor

    Only way to get bright cinema sized TV screens until LED walls, LCD and DLP projectors came along.

    Angus

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Andy Burns@21:1/5 to Angus Robertson on Thu Aug 17 14:11:50 2023
    Angus Robertson wrote:

    steve1001908@outlook.com wrote:

    I once had to "maintain" an Italian gadget that projected film or
    TV images onto a layer of oil and the reflection was displayed on a
    cinema screen.

    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor

    Only way to get bright cinema sized TV screens until LED walls, LCD and DLP projectors came along.

    Or a G.E Telaria

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Andy Burns on Thu Aug 17 15:44:24 2023
    In message <kk6kkkFaskvU2@mid.individual.net> at Thu, 17 Aug 2023
    14:11:50, Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> writes
    Angus Robertson wrote:

    steve1001908@outlook.com wrote:

    I once had to "maintain" an Italian gadget that projected film or
    TV images onto a layer of oil and the reflection was displayed on a
    cinema screen.
    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor
    Only way to get bright cinema sized TV screens until LED walls, LCD
    and DLP
    projectors came along.

    Or a G.E Telaria


    Weren't there some systems that used lasers, and either a mirror-drum or coil-controlled mirrors? (Or was the Telaria such?)
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    resentment is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to die - attributed to Carrie Fisher by Gareth McLean, in Radio Times 28 January-3 February 2012

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From steve1001908@outlook.com@21:1/5 to G6JPG@255soft.uk on Thu Aug 17 15:54:45 2023
    On Thu, 17 Aug 2023 15:44:24 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    In message <kk6kkkFaskvU2@mid.individual.net> at Thu, 17 Aug 2023
    14:11:50, Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> writes
    Angus Robertson wrote:

    steve1001908@outlook.com wrote:

    I once had to "maintain" an Italian gadget that projected film or
    TV images onto a layer of oil and the reflection was displayed on a
    cinema screen.
    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor
    Only way to get bright cinema sized TV screens until LED walls, LCD
    and DLP
    projectors came along.

    Or a G.E Telaria


    Weren't there some systems that used lasers, and either a mirror-drum or >coil-controlled mirrors? (Or was the Telaria such?)

    The Swiss Eidophor system using a layer of oil was around but I don't
    know how "similar" it was to the Italian system.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Angus Robertson - Magenta Systems L@21:1/5 to All on Thu Aug 17 16:27:00 2023
    The Swiss Eidophor system using a layer of oil was around but I
    don't know how "similar" it was to the Italian system.

    I was a journalist in the late seventies and wrote about the dozen or more TV projection systems available in the UK, don't recall any Italian system but maybe that was overseas only.

    I remember watching the first Star Wars film on an Advent system in my living room off NTSC U-Matic with a lot of visitors, the summer before it was released here.

    Most systems used three CRTs and lenses, apart from Eidophor and General Electric that used a xenon lamp and transmission light valve but only bright enough for a 6m screen, 10 times lower than the largest Eidophor.

    Angus

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Andy Burns@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Thu Aug 17 16:21:22 2023
    J. P. Gilliver wrote:

    Andy Burns writes:

    Angus Robertson wrote:

    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor

    Or a G.E Telaria

    Weren't there some systems that used lasers, and either a mirror-drum or coil-controlled mirrors?

    Probably came later, these two are 1940/50's and 1970/80's

    (Or was the Telaria such?)

    It also used an oil film, Mike Harrison got hold of one and tore it down
    as he does with lots of other "electric stuff".

    <https://youtu.be/PjKzCRkc7Ew>

    He does a talk about the Eidophor too

    <https://youtu.be/3-BvMcqEc98?t=72>

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Thu Aug 17 20:51:37 2023
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    [...]
    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state rectifiers.

    Look up high voltage accelerators in Philips Technical Review. They
    used thermionic rectifiers in Cockroft-Walton multipliers with the valve heaters supplied by H.F. energy circulating through the capacitors.
    Very clever.


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Andy Burns on Thu Aug 17 20:52:10 2023
    In message <kk6s7gFaskvU4@mid.individual.net> at Thu, 17 Aug 2023
    16:21:22, Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> writes
    J. P. Gilliver wrote:

    Andy Burns writes:

    Angus Robertson wrote:

    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor

    Or a G.E Telaria

    Weren't there some systems that used lasers, and either a mirror-drum
    or coil-controlled mirrors?

    Probably came later, these two are 1940/50's and 1970/80's

    (Or was the Telaria such?)

    It also used an oil film, Mike Harrison got hold of one and tore it
    down as he does with lots of other "electric stuff".
    []
    Ah. I thought a system had been tried with lasers and a spinning drum
    with (presumably) 576 very precisely-angled mirrors. Maybe it was mooted
    but modulating the lasers proved problematical.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Look at those early black-and-white episodes of /Coronation Street/;
    like Ibsen in an flowered pinny. - Iam McMillan, RT 2020/2/22-28

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to Angus Robertson - Magenta Systems L on Thu Aug 17 20:51:37 2023
    Angus Robertson - Magenta Systems Ltd <angus@magsys.co.uk> wrote:

    I once had to "maintain" an Italian gadget that projected film or
    TV images onto a layer of oil and the reflection was displayed on a
    cinema screen.

    Probably the Swiss https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophor

    Only way to get bright cinema sized TV screens until LED walls, LCD and DLP projectors came along.

    The Eidophor was famed for causing a who-does-not-do-what union dispute
    in the BBC. Nobody wanted to work it, the video technicians union
    claimed it was lighting and the lighting union claimed it was video.

    One of the problems was the ionic bombardment of the cathode, which
    could fail randomly (often just before transmission). Spare cathodes
    could be swung into place without running down the vacuum, but the whole cathode assembly would then have to be replaced before it could be used
    again. Opening up the tube, replacing the cathodes and then pumping
    down to vacuum again took several hours - with the possibility of leaks
    each time.

    Nobody wanted the responsibility of it failing on transmission.

    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Max Demian@21:1/5 to Ashley Booth on Mon Aug 21 18:10:15 2023
    On 16/08/2023 08:25, Ashley Booth wrote:
    J. P. Gilliver wrote:

    As it's the only such prog. for decades, I don't want to criticise it
    too much. This week's does feature some actual electronics - a valved
    wireless, and an '80s boombox (as well as a food mixer that has more
    electronics than I expected).

    But basic TV presentation? This component has failed, here's the
    replacement - out of focus? hardly any close-ups? A whole second to
    look at them, if we're lucky? Also, the odd block diagramme wouldn't
    go amiss - not enough to frighten the children/horses, but none at
    all is too few. The voice commentary actually isn't bad at explaining
    things (to a near-zero knowledge audience anyway), but would
    certainly benefit from some visual aids. (It has good AD.)

    One wonders who the prog. is actually aimed at. I'm sure a lot of it
    is entertainment only - here are some funny men (they have all been
    men so far, I think) who fix things as a sort of strange hobby;
    however, it does give some information on how things work. But not at
    people like us.

    I'm amazed at the prices. ?500 for an old boom box!!

    I was impressed by the prices for the Commodore+Spectrum combo in the
    previous episode. They were expecting £100's but got £10. Except they
    didn't, as there was £5 for the new switch for the Commodore. So £5 profit.

    I've never seen a portable player that plays LPs. I remember the ones
    that played 7" singles (vertically) around 1970. And there were ones in
    cars. Then Musicassettes came in and everyone used them in their "ghetto blasters".

    I'm not sure who this programme is intended for either. Just a nostalgia
    trip I think. I liked the way they summarised the functions of
    capacitors in radios as coupling, decoupling, smoothing and tuning.
    (Wow! coupling /and/ de-coupling!)

    --
    Max Demian

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to Max Demian on Mon Aug 21 18:49:07 2023
    Max Demian <max_demian@bigfoot.com> wrote:

    [...]
    I liked the way they summarised the functions of
    capacitors in radios as coupling, decoupling, smoothing and tuning.
    (Wow! coupling /and/ de-coupling!)

    That's always been a difficult one to explain to beginners. If it goes
    to earth, it can decouple two circuit that share the same power supply
    because it couples the voltage variations to earth.

    It is a bit like a nut and bolt, it can fix two items together so that
    movement of one is transferred to tha other - or it can stop one of them
    moving if the other one happens to be firmly fixed.


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Max Demian on Thu Aug 24 00:41:08 2023
    In message <uc05pm$200ln$1@dont-email.me> at Mon, 21 Aug 2023 18:10:15,
    Max Demian <max_demian@bigfoot.com> writes
    []
    I'm not sure who this programme is intended for either. Just a
    nostalgia trip I think. I liked the way they summarised the functions

    Except I'd say it gives _slightly_ too much technical detail for just
    that.

    of capacitors in radios as coupling, decoupling, smoothing and tuning.
    (Wow! coupling /and/ de-coupling!)

    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Old soldiers never die - only young ones

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid on Thu Aug 24 00:46:03 2023
    In message <1qfttdw.1v3yvhizoejzcN%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at
    Mon, 21 Aug 2023 18:49:07, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    Max Demian <max_demian@bigfoot.com> wrote:

    [...]
    I liked the way they summarised the functions of
    capacitors in radios as coupling, decoupling, smoothing and tuning.
    (Wow! coupling /and/ de-coupling!)

    That's always been a difficult one to explain to beginners. If it goes
    to earth, it can decouple two circuit that share the same power supply >because it couples the voltage variations to earth.

    It is a bit like a nut and bolt, it can fix two items together so that >movement of one is transferred to tha other - or it can stop one of them >moving if the other one happens to be firmly fixed.

    Good analogy.

    Another concept is the relativity of signals. I can't remember where I
    was confused and what enlightened me: I think it was that US circuits
    (or "schematics") tended much more to _not_ draw a line along the bottom
    of the signal flow path, instead just liberally sprinking earth or
    ground symbols. I think it might have been a car wiring diag. that
    caused me to see the light. (When car wiring tended to actually _use_
    the chassis more.)
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Old soldiers never die - only young ones

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Thu Aug 24 14:50:28 2023
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    In message <1qfttdw.1v3yvhizoejzcN%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at
    Mon, 21 Aug 2023 18:49:07, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    Max Demian <max_demian@bigfoot.com> wrote:

    [...]
    I liked the way they summarised the functions of
    capacitors in radios as coupling, decoupling, smoothing and tuning.
    (Wow! coupling /and/ de-coupling!)

    That's always been a difficult one to explain to beginners. If it goes
    to earth, it can decouple two circuit that share the same power supply >because it couples the voltage variations to earth.

    It is a bit like a nut and bolt, it can fix two items together so that >movement of one is transferred to tha other - or it can stop one of them >moving if the other one happens to be firmly fixed.

    Good analogy.

    Another concept is the relativity of signals. I can't remember where I
    was confused and what enlightened me: I think it was that US circuits
    (or "schematics") tended much more to _not_ draw a line along the bottom
    of the signal flow path, instead just liberally sprinking earth or
    ground symbols. I think it might have been a car wiring diag. that
    caused me to see the light. (When car wiring tended to actually _use_
    the chassis more.)

    Drawing circuit diagrams so they explain what is going on is as much an
    art as a science. Suppose you have a sensitive amplifier where earth circulating currents could introduce spurious signals between sections
    that are both nominally connected to 'earth', so the earth line is
    really part of the signal path.

    I tend to represent this either with diagonal earth connections to one
    single point or with a separate section of earth line for that section
    of the amplifier, offset vertically and joined to the rest with a
    thinner vertical line. I have also seen it done by lettering or
    numbering the 'floating' earth points, but the intention is not
    immediately obvious at a glance and it takes time and effort to compare numbers.

    Where 'floating' earth points can be a great help is along the + line at
    the top of the diagram. That saves a lot of vertical lines from
    decoupling capacitors down to the earth line, threading their way
    between signal lines and components. Alternatively they can be shown
    connected to a short section of earth line near the top, with one
    vertical down to the main earth line.


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Max Demian@21:1/5 to Brian Gaff on Sun Sep 3 12:01:04 2023
    On 16/08/2023 11:32, Brian Gaff wrote:

    No that was right. Last week with the Spectrum, they did not mention quite why ram chips fail. It was because Uncle Clive bought duff chips with only half the chip working and then put links in the pcbs to use the good half. This tended to mean that the quality of the working bit could be said to be suspect. Certainly most of the ones I had had some stock faults. Ram was the main one, Then I think it was TRY, which was a little psu to make the p-5v from the +5 coming out of the regulator, If this failed badly it could take a ram chip with it, and failed to power add ons like vtx 500 modems and the like. The ULA often was damaged if things were pulled off the port while it was powered up, along with tr4.

    Some Spectrums had an IC soldered upside down on top of another chip.
    Commonly referred to as the "dead cockroach" model.

    On the tech level of the show, yes I agree. They never said what he did to clean up the vintage radios volume control, as from experience there was no other course but to replace it, since the leaky capacitors around there would have put DC on it and that is a good way to wear it out.

    A spot of switch cleaning fluid usually does the trick.

    I thought DC through the volume control just caused the crackling rather
    than damaging the track, usually found with combined on/off/volume
    controls, as there will be a current flowing through the control to
    charge the coupling capacitor just after switching on.

    I was surprised the double sided record deck was fine after a new stylus a clen up and new belts. Its been my experience with another one of those that the thing tends to have major issues with tracking a whole album due to crap engineering in the various components in pararell tracking arms or worn bearing in the pivoted arms. Brian

    I'm surprised such a thing (a ghetto blaster that plays LPs) existed
    after compact cassettes were common (and mostly good quality, especially
    the ones you recorded yourself).

    --
    Max Demian

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to All on Sun Sep 3 14:20:51 2023
    On 16/08/2023 11:32, Brian Gaff wrote:
    []
    main one, Then I think it was TRY, which was a little psu to make the p-5v >> from the +5 coming out of the regulator, If this failed badly it could take >> a ram chip with it, and failed to power add ons like vtx 500 modems and the []
    Reminds me of two power supply decisions:

    1. The Oric (and I presume the Oric Atmos), mostly TTL logic so needed a
    +5 supply: the power supply they provided used a -5 regulator. I don't
    know why: I can only guess that the common 7905 regulator was cheaper
    than the 7805. It was fine with the basic computer, but got interesting
    when you added peripherals, such as the disc drive, which had a beefier
    supply, which also powered the computer. (Having said that, I don't
    remember it ever actually going wrong.)

    2. (Earlier - same company, Tangerine [the Oric said Tangerine on the
    PCB].) When the Tangerine came out, the ASTEC modulator (most home
    computers then used a domestic TV as monitor, and had to provide RF as
    few TVs had baseband input) - little tin box, common on virtually all
    home computers! - was initially only available with a 6V rail. Since the
    rest of the computer ran on 5V, it would have been tedious to provide a separate supply just for that - so they designed in a little circuit,
    using IIRR the dot clock of 6 MHz (I think the computer ran on 0.75 MHz)
    and a teeny inductor: my first experience of a switch-mode supply (only
    about 3 components). (FWIW, it seemed to work fine.) [ASTEC subsequently
    made the boxes to run on 5V.]

    That reminds me - I did hear that one of the other machines around then
    (Nascom was it?) was laid out with computer layout software - but that
    knew nothing of RF, and they included the modulator in what they gave
    it; of course, it never worked, and they had to bodge in an ASTEC tin
    box anyway. Whether this is true or not I've no idea.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    ... a series about a grumpy old man who lives in a phone box is unlikely to have been commissioned these days. 798 episodes later ...

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Woody@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Sun Sep 3 16:01:01 2023
    On Sun 03/09/2023 14:20, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 16/08/2023 11:32, Brian Gaff wrote:
    []
    main one, Then I think it was TRY, which was a little psu to make the
    p-5v
    from the +5  coming out of the regulator, If this failed badly it
    could take
    a ram chip with it, and failed to power add ons like vtx 500 modems
    and the
    []
    Reminds me of two power supply decisions:

    1. The Oric (and I presume the Oric Atmos), mostly TTL logic so needed a
    +5 supply: the power supply they provided used a -5 regulator. I don't
    know why: I can only guess that the common 7905 regulator was cheaper
    than the 7805. It was fine with the basic computer, but got interesting
    when you added peripherals, such as the disc drive, which had a beefier supply, which also powered the computer. (Having said that, I don't
    remember it ever actually going wrong.)

    2. (Earlier - same company, Tangerine [the Oric said Tangerine on the
    PCB].) When the Tangerine came out, the ASTEC modulator (most home
    computers then used a domestic TV as monitor, and had to provide RF as
    few TVs had baseband input) - little tin box, common on virtually all
    home computers! - was initially only available with a 6V rail. Since the
    rest of the computer ran on 5V, it would have been tedious to provide a separate supply just for that - so they designed in a little circuit,
    using IIRR the dot clock of 6 MHz (I think the computer ran on 0.75 MHz)
    and a teeny inductor: my first experience of a switch-mode supply (only
    about 3 components). (FWIW, it seemed to work fine.) [ASTEC subsequently
    made the boxes to run on 5V.]

    That reminds me - I did hear that one of the other machines around then (Nascom was it?) was laid out with computer layout software - but that
    knew nothing of RF, and they included the modulator in what they gave
    it; of course, it never worked, and they had to bodge in an ASTEC tin
    box anyway. Whether this is true or not I've no idea.

    -5V was probably to work RS232 with +5V from elsewhere.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to Woody on Sun Sep 3 18:51:51 2023
    In message <ud273d$v8rq$1@dont-email.me> at Sun, 3 Sep 2023 16:01:01,
    Woody <harrogate3@ntlworld.com> writes
    On Sun 03/09/2023 14:20, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    []
    1. The Oric (and I presume the Oric Atmos), mostly TTL logic so
    needed a +5 supply: the power supply they provided used a -5
    regulator. I don't know why: I can only guess that the common 7905 >>regulator was cheaper than the 7805. It was fine with the basic
    computer, but got interesting when you added peripherals, such as the
    disc drive, which had a beefier supply, which also powered the
    computer. (Having said that, I don't remember it ever actually going wrong.) []
    -5V was probably to work RS232 with +5V from elsewhere.

    No, I can't remember whether it even _had_ a serial port - I think not.
    What I mean is, it had a 7905 (-5V) regulator to supply the main +5V for
    the computer. So ground wasn't, as it were.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    If you carry on hating, you're the one who's damaged.
    - Sir Harold Atcherley, sent to the Burma/Siam railway in April 1943

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Thu Sep 7 08:56:22 2023
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    [...]
    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state rectifiers.

    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf

    Page 123:
    "Heating the Filaments of Valves in a Cascade Generator by Means of High Frequency Current" by Tj. Douma & H.P.J. Brekoo.


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid on Thu Sep 7 10:06:49 2023
    In message <1qgojd0.8wdt9v1qiaif4N%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at
    Thu, 7 Sep 2023 08:56:22, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    [...]
    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state
    rectifiers.

    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn >ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf

    Page 123:
    "Heating the Filaments of Valves in a Cascade Generator by Means of High >Frequency Current" by Tj. Douma & H.P.J. Brekoo.


    Most ingenious! I think only for professional equipment, though. Clever
    to pass the h. f. up the same lines as the (presumably mains) frequency
    being used to generate the EHT.

    Of course, in a TV set the signal being rectified is moderately h. f.
    (compared to mains, anyway). The only case I've come across in a TV set
    was a little (11"?) dual-standard portable, which had a little D (2V)
    valve hidden inside the LOPT casing (DY91 rings a bell?); it had two
    (IIRR) turns of thicker wire wound round the LOPT core to drive its
    heater. (Very simple valve - about the shape and size of a gherkin; just
    a single pin sticking out the top for the EHT, I can't remember what it
    had at the base.) I replaced it with a solid-state stick - can't
    remember why, I think it became intermittent. (The stick gave a brighter slightly smaller picture - I presume higher voltage, so brighter and
    deflected less.) I never worked on (the EHT part of, anyway) any bigger
    set, so I don't know if any used multiple valve rectifiers in a
    multiplier arrangement; I'd have thought that would be a complex and error-prone thing to design and keep going in a domestic setting
    (compared to doing it with solid-state stick rectifiers when those
    became available), but I could be wrong.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Another lively meeting of thr 1922 Committee - the secret gathering of BBC presenters that gets its name from the fact that no one is sober after twenty-past seven. - Eddie Mair, RT 16-22 April 2011

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to J. P. Gilliver on Thu Sep 7 12:37:09 2023
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    ... The only case I've come across in a TV set
    was a little (11"?) dual-standard portable, which had a little D (2V)
    valve hidden inside the LOPT casing (DY91 rings a bell?); it had two
    (IIRR) turns of thicker wire wound round the LOPT core to drive its
    heater.

    They were usually EY51 (6.3v heater). They had no base, so the
    heater/cathode wires were soldered to the terminals of the LOPT with big rounded solder blobs to reduce corona discharge. Possibly a DY51, with
    lower heater requirements, would have been used in a portable set.


    EY51s were also used in the tripler of the Philips projection
    television, immersed in oil and sealed in a metal can. This is
    described in a series of articles beginning on p.69 of: https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to Liz Tuddenham on Thu Sep 7 12:39:43 2023
    Liz Tuddenham <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> wrote:

    Corrected URL:

    ...This is
    described in a series of articles beginning on p.69 of:

    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1948.pdf


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid on Thu Sep 7 14:52:04 2023
    In message <1qgot8k.yqnxuj1vn138mN%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at
    Thu, 7 Sep 2023 12:37:09, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    ... The only case I've come across in a TV set
    was a little (11"?) dual-standard portable, which had a little D (2V)
    valve hidden inside the LOPT casing (DY91 rings a bell?); it had two
    (IIRR) turns of thicker wire wound round the LOPT core to drive its
    heater.

    They were usually EY51 (6.3v heater). They had no base, so the >heater/cathode wires were soldered to the terminals of the LOPT with big >rounded solder blobs to reduce corona discharge. Possibly a DY51, with
    lower heater requirements, would have been used in a portable set.

    Could have been DY51. From what I remember, it had a plastic base
    (possibly just that took wires - I don't think I ever removed the valve
    from it to see) and was just floating inside the LOPT can (prevented
    from moving by the stiffness of the EHT lead[s]), with the plastic base
    having some thickish wires coming out of it that went a couple of times
    round the LOPT core - no soldering.

    EY51s were also used in the tripler of the Philips projection
    television, immersed in oil and sealed in a metal can. This is
    described in a series of articles beginning on p.69 of: >https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn >ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf


    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    WANTED, Dead AND Alive: Schrodinger's Cat

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From tony sayer@21:1/5 to All on Fri Sep 8 14:33:34 2023
    In article <FgN+IjZpKZ+kFwIR@255soft.uk>, J. P. Gilliver
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> scribeth thus
    In message <1qgojd0.8wdt9v1qiaif4N%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at
    Thu, 7 Sep 2023 08:56:22, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    [...]
    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state
    rectifiers.

    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn >>ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf

    Page 123:
    "Heating the Filaments of Valves in a Cascade Generator by Means of High >>Frequency Current" by Tj. Douma & H.P.J. Brekoo.


    Most ingenious! I think only for professional equipment, though. Clever
    to pass the h. f. up the same lines as the (presumably mains) frequency
    being used to generate the EHT.

    Of course, in a TV set the signal being rectified is moderately h. f. >(compared to mains, anyway). The only case I've come across in a TV set
    was a little (11"?) dual-standard portable, which had a little D (2V)
    valve hidden inside the LOPT casing (DY91 rings a bell?); it had two
    (IIRR) turns of thicker wire wound round the LOPT core to drive its
    heater. (Very simple valve - about the shape and size of a gherkin; just
    a single pin sticking out the top for the EHT, I can't remember what it
    had at the base.) I replaced it with a solid-state stick - can't
    remember why, I think it became intermittent. (The stick gave a brighter >slightly smaller picture - I presume higher voltage, so brighter and >deflected less.) I never worked on (the EHT part of, anyway) any bigger
    set, so I don't know if any used multiple valve rectifiers in a
    multiplier arrangement; I'd have thought that would be a complex and >error-prone thing to design and keep going in a domestic setting
    (compared to doing it with solid-state stick rectifiers when those
    became available), but I could be wrong.


    Useful source the Valve museum. They have got the EY and DY wire ended
    valves in there and I do remember Selenium rectifiers both mains voltage
    and EHT could tell when they failed they simply stunk the house out!..



    Http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa1233.htm


    --
    Tony Sayer


    Man is least himself when he talks in his own person.

    Give him a keyboard, and he will reveal himself.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to tony sayer on Fri Sep 8 17:36:02 2023
    tony sayer <tony@bancom.co.uk> wrote:

    In article <FgN+IjZpKZ+kFwIR@255soft.uk>, J. P. Gilliver
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> scribeth thus
    In message <1qgojd0.8wdt9v1qiaif4N%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at >Thu, 7 Sep 2023 08:56:22, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    [...]
    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state
    rectifiers.

    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn >>ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf

    Page 123:
    "Heating the Filaments of Valves in a Cascade Generator by Means of High >>Frequency Current" by Tj. Douma & H.P.J. Brekoo.


    Most ingenious! I think only for professional equipment, though. Clever
    to pass the h. f. up the same lines as the (presumably mains) frequency >being used to generate the EHT.

    Of course, in a TV set the signal being rectified is moderately h. f. >(compared to mains, anyway). The only case I've come across in a TV set
    was a little (11"?) dual-standard portable, which had a little D (2V)
    valve hidden inside the LOPT casing (DY91 rings a bell?); it had two
    (IIRR) turns of thicker wire wound round the LOPT core to drive its
    heater. (Very simple valve - about the shape and size of a gherkin; just
    a single pin sticking out the top for the EHT, I can't remember what it
    had at the base.) I replaced it with a solid-state stick - can't
    remember why, I think it became intermittent. (The stick gave a brighter >slightly smaller picture - I presume higher voltage, so brighter and >deflected less.) I never worked on (the EHT part of, anyway) any bigger >set, so I don't know if any used multiple valve rectifiers in a
    multiplier arrangement; I'd have thought that would be a complex and >error-prone thing to design and keep going in a domestic setting
    (compared to doing it with solid-state stick rectifiers when those
    became available), but I could be wrong.


    Useful source the Valve museum. They have got the EY and DY wire ended
    valves in there and I do remember Selenium rectifiers both mains voltage
    and EHT could tell when they failed they simply stunk the house out!..


    There was a story circulating in the late 1960s of a service engineer
    who turned up to repair a television set. As the housewife opened the
    door he took one sniff, walked back to the van and returned with a
    selenium rectifier. He had diagnosed the problem without even entering
    the house.

    If you want to be reminded of the smell, try sniffing an anti-dandruff
    shampoo which contains selenium sulphide.


    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From J. P. Gilliver@21:1/5 to tony sayer on Fri Sep 8 21:58:55 2023
    In message <5sr91xAuKy+kFw++@bancom.co.uk> at Fri, 8 Sep 2023 14:33:34,
    tony sayer <tony@bancom.co.uk> writes
    []
    Useful source the Valve museum. They have got the EY and DY wire ended
    valves in there and I do remember Selenium rectifiers both mains voltage
    and EHT could tell when they failed they simply stunk the house out!..



    Http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa1233.htm


    That looks like the one I had, though I think the base was in a white
    plastic holder with the heater turns moulded into it. Interesting to see
    its absolute maximum was only 15 kV.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    It's quickly getting to a place where privacy will be cause for suspicion.
    - Mayayana in alt.windows7.general, 2018-11-6.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From tony sayer@21:1/5 to All on Mon Sep 11 18:29:14 2023
    In article <1qgr20m.xvm0yctbcnekN%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid>, Liz Tuddenham <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> scribeth thus
    tony sayer <tony@bancom.co.uk> wrote:

    In article <FgN+IjZpKZ+kFwIR@255soft.uk>, J. P. Gilliver
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> scribeth thus
    In message <1qgojd0.8wdt9v1qiaif4N%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> at
    Thu, 7 Sep 2023 08:56:22, Liz Tuddenham
    <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> writes
    J. P. Gilliver <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    [...]
    I don't think I've ever heard of the zigzag type of multiplier ever
    being used with thermionic rectifiers (you'd need several such,
    obviously), so I think they only became practical with solid-state
    rectifiers.

    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Company-Publications/Philips-Techn >> >>ical-Review/40s/Philips-Technical-Review-1949.pdf

    Page 123:
    "Heating the Filaments of Valves in a Cascade Generator by Means of High >> >>Frequency Current" by Tj. Douma & H.P.J. Brekoo.


    Most ingenious! I think only for professional equipment, though. Clever
    to pass the h. f. up the same lines as the (presumably mains) frequency
    being used to generate the EHT.

    Of course, in a TV set the signal being rectified is moderately h. f.
    (compared to mains, anyway). The only case I've come across in a TV set
    was a little (11"?) dual-standard portable, which had a little D (2V)
    valve hidden inside the LOPT casing (DY91 rings a bell?); it had two
    (IIRR) turns of thicker wire wound round the LOPT core to drive its
    heater. (Very simple valve - about the shape and size of a gherkin; just
    a single pin sticking out the top for the EHT, I can't remember what it
    had at the base.) I replaced it with a solid-state stick - can't
    remember why, I think it became intermittent. (The stick gave a brighter
    slightly smaller picture - I presume higher voltage, so brighter and
    deflected less.) I never worked on (the EHT part of, anyway) any bigger
    set, so I don't know if any used multiple valve rectifiers in a
    multiplier arrangement; I'd have thought that would be a complex and
    error-prone thing to design and keep going in a domestic setting
    (compared to doing it with solid-state stick rectifiers when those
    became available), but I could be wrong.


    Useful source the Valve museum. They have got the EY and DY wire ended
    valves in there and I do remember Selenium rectifiers both mains voltage
    and EHT could tell when they failed they simply stunk the house out!..


    There was a story circulating in the late 1960s of a service engineer
    who turned up to repair a television set. As the housewife opened the
    door he took one sniff, walked back to the van and returned with a
    selenium rectifier. He had diagnosed the problem without even entering
    the house.

    If you want to be reminded of the smell, try sniffing an anti-dandruff >shampoo which contains selenium sulphide.


    Yes it did stink how ever we were given a stock of silicon wire ended
    diodes these could be wired across the old unit one end left
    disconnected..


    --
    Tony Sayer


    Man is least himself when he talks in his own person.

    Give him a keyboard, and he will reveal himself.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)