• Dreaded music...

    From Smolley@21:1/5 to All on Tue Apr 11 10:06:34 2023
    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers and musicians..?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Liz Tuddenham@21:1/5 to Smolley on Tue Apr 11 11:59:51 2023
    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers and musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the dialogue
    starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - it's
    as though they are children playing with a new toy they have never
    learned to use properly.

    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Smolley@21:1/5 to Liz Tuddenham on Tue Apr 11 12:58:49 2023
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers
    and musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the dialogue
    starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - it's
    as though they are children playing with a new toy they have never
    learned to use properly.

    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to have
    dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mark Carver@21:1/5 to Woody on Tue Apr 11 14:45:08 2023
    On 11/04/2023 14:20, Woody wrote:
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz
    tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary >>>> loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers
    and musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that the
    producer has no intention of fading out the music once the dialogue
    starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - it's
    as though they are children playing with a new toy they have never
    learned to use properly.

    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to have
    dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.

    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control these
    days?
    And, more importantly for this discussion, tellies !  Audio track
    selection on UK domestic DVB receivers of any type, is non existent, so
    forget the idea !

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Woody@21:1/5 to Smolley on Tue Apr 11 14:20:30 2023
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers
    and musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that the
    producer has no intention of fading out the music once the dialogue
    starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - it's
    as though they are children playing with a new toy they have never
    learned to use properly.

    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to have dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.

    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control these days?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Adrian Caspersz@21:1/5 to Smolley on Tue Apr 11 21:02:08 2023
    On 11/04/2023 11:06, Smolley wrote:
    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers and musicians..?

    It's mostly excessive low bass that is the problem, popular chillout
    versions of electronic dance music (EDM), it engages younger listeners.

    What composers and musicians?
    Coming soon. AI written copyright free background music.

    Oh the other hand, female presenters are purposely chosen with a toppy
    almost chipmunk "does he take sugar" friendly (read patronising)
    delivery, so maybe they think they have "done" their bit for
    intelligibility. AI will replace them someday as well.

    There are some audio settings on some TV's that can help, clearvoice?

    --
    Adrian C

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mark Carver@21:1/5 to Smolley on Wed Apr 12 11:04:48 2023
    On 12/04/2023 10:47, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 14:45:08 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 11/04/2023 14:20, Woody wrote:
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz
    tops, I find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with >>>>>> unecessary loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue >>>>>> to composers and musicians..?
    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that
    the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the
    dialogue starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time -
    it's as though they are children playing with a new toy they have
    never learned to use properly.
    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to have
    dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other channel, >>>> this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.
    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control these
    days?
    And, more importantly for this discussion, tellies !  Audio track
    selection on UK domestic DVB receivers of any type, is non existent, so
    forget the idea !
    I can play TV on my laptop that has full sound control and port it to the Television.
    Yep, great, but what about everybody else who will suddenly have
    something different coming out of the L and R speakers on their bog
    standard tellies ?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Smolley@21:1/5 to Mark Carver on Wed Apr 12 09:47:27 2023
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 14:45:08 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 11/04/2023 14:20, Woody wrote:
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz
    tops, I find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with
    unecessary loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue
    to composers and musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that
    the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the
    dialogue starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time -
    it's as though they are children playing with a new toy they have
    never learned to use properly.

    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to have
    dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.

    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control these
    days?
    And, more importantly for this discussion, tellies !  Audio track
    selection on UK domestic DVB receivers of any type, is non existent, so forget the idea !

    I can play TV on my laptop that has full sound control and port it to the Television.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to Smolley on Wed Apr 12 13:10:20 2023
    I do get annoyed when you are out in a windswept meadow, and birds tweeting, only to find a loud bit of effect music obliterating the scene, then the AD describer can hardly be heard either due to the music.

    They never get it right. Music can have its place, but not so out that it drowns out dialogue and AD.


    There is a series called inside the Ambulance, which has some of the most annoying short pieces of music. There is one piece that has a piano
    accordion playing just as the people start to talk.
    While on the subject of Audio description, I find it annoying when there is
    a very clear intercom or radio that is giving a message, and the narrator
    says the same thing as if we are all deaf.
    Then when somebody speaks in a foreign tongue, they do not tell you what
    the person said from the subtitle. I do often think that some narrators lost the plot. I would much rather hear the expression on the persons face than a repeat of the already audible radio.
    I wanted to watch the documentary about that ferry sinking spread over
    several weeks, but although the narrator explained what was on screen, all
    the foreign dialogue was never read which made me turn off part way through
    the first part.
    Brian

    --

    --:
    This newsgroup posting comes to you directly from...
    The Sofa of Brian Gaff...
    briang1@blueyonder.co.uk
    Blind user, so no pictures please
    Note this Signature is meaningless.!
    "Smolley" <s@home.net> wrote in message news:u13bfa$2k3bq$1@dont-email.me...
    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers and musicians..?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Smolley@21:1/5 to Mark Carver on Wed Apr 12 12:09:53 2023
    On Wed, 12 Apr 2023 11:04:48 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 12/04/2023 10:47, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 14:45:08 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 11/04/2023 14:20, Woody wrote:
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz
    tops, I find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped
    with unecessary loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply
    revenue to composers and musicians..?
    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that >>>>>> the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the
    dialogue starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their >>>>>> disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time -
    it's as though they are children playing with a new toy they have
    never learned to use properly.
    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to
    have dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other
    channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.
    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control
    these days?
    And, more importantly for this discussion, tellies !  Audio track
    selection on UK domestic DVB receivers of any type, is non existent,
    so forget the idea !
    I can play TV on my laptop that has full sound control and port it to
    the Television.
    Yep, great, but what about everybody else who will suddenly have
    something different coming out of the L and R speakers on their bog
    standard tellies ?

    If you mean music over dialogue, then they get that now.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to All on Wed Apr 12 13:13:40 2023
    I have reasonably good hearing, up to about 10k, but I do have some tinnitus and also find the music annoying.
    In these days of multi channel audio, and location based sound stages, why cannot we have control of this sort of thing ourselves?

    I'd definitely consider surround sound if this function was available.
    Brian

    --

    --:
    This newsgroup posting comes to you directly from...
    The Sofa of Brian Gaff...
    briang1@blueyonder.co.uk
    Blind user, so no pictures please
    Note this Signature is meaningless.!
    "Liz Tuddenham" <liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid> wrote in message news:1q90uf7.1jfnui515fculuN%liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid...
    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I
    find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary
    loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers and
    musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the dialogue
    starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - it's
    as though they are children playing with a new toy they have never
    learned to use properly.

    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mark Carver@21:1/5 to Smolley on Wed Apr 12 13:13:59 2023
    On 12/04/2023 13:09, Smolley wrote:
    On Wed, 12 Apr 2023 11:04:48 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 12/04/2023 10:47, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 14:45:08 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 11/04/2023 14:20, Woody wrote:
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz >>>>>>>> tops, I find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped >>>>>>>> with unecessary loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply >>>>>>>> revenue to composers and musicians..?
    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that >>>>>>> the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the
    dialogue starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their >>>>>>> disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - >>>>>>> it's as though they are children playing with a new toy they have >>>>>>> never learned to use properly.
    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to
    have dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other >>>>>> channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.
    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control
    these days?
    And, more importantly for this discussion, tellies !  Audio track
    selection on UK domestic DVB receivers of any type, is non existent,
    so forget the idea !
    I can play TV on my laptop that has full sound control and port it to
    the Television.
    Yep, great, but what about everybody else who will suddenly have
    something different coming out of the L and R speakers on their bog
    standard tellies ?
    If you mean music over dialogue, then they get that now.
    Indeed they do, but with an uncontrollable (by the viewers) mix.

    It's all too late, the UK DVB standards should have mandated proper
    track selection etc.

    We've got the lunacy of the BBC having to have a completely different
    (normally some soggy SD video) stream for any 'no commentary' options
    for event coverage, which is just nuts.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From NY@21:1/5 to Brian Gaff on Wed Apr 12 13:42:46 2023
    On 12/04/2023 13:21, Brian Gaff wrote:
    Yes however have you also noticed that many amps are unusable by a blind person due to touch controls or no depressed buttons?

    I do think many device designers are looking merely at flashy styling and reducing costs, while forgetting that there is a market out there for other features. To do the separation of music and dialogue though would need to involve the content creators in a way to make these things separate, which would require more channels than just, and AD

    Many blind people have commented to me that on these pay for services, if you engage AD, then you lose either all surround or dolby atmos. However, Apple TV seem to be able to make it work, so why not the others. To a visually impaired TV user, surely the surround or Atmos output is a value added thing, since they cannot see the images. To stop it when AD is used seems totally counter intuitive.

    I suppose it depends on how the AD track is used. At one time, UK TV
    seemed to use the AD track *only* for the AD narration, with the
    programme sound (dialogue, music and effects) *only* on the normal
    track. That would have allowed AD-equipped amplifiers to vary the level
    of AD compared with programme sound, providing it can play both tracks.

    But recent practice seems to be to duplicate programme sound on AD,
    maybe in mono or reduced-bitrate form, and for playing equipment to play
    one track *or* the other, but not a variable combination of them.
    Software players, such as VLC, can only play one track or the other,
    with no facility for mixing them, and I suppose that is done because it reflects modern (and/or non-UK) use of the AD track as
    AD-plus-programme-sound.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Brian Gaff@21:1/5 to Woody on Wed Apr 12 13:21:18 2023
    Yes however have you also noticed that many amps are unusable by a blind
    person due to touch controls or no depressed buttons?

    I do think many device designers are looking merely at flashy styling and reducing costs, while forgetting that there is a market out there for other features. To do the separation of music and dialogue though would need to involve the content creators in a way to make these things separate, which would require more channels than just, and AD

    Many blind people have commented to me that on these pay for services, if
    you engage AD, then you lose either all surround or dolby atmos. However,
    Apple TV seem to be able to make it work, so why not the others. To a
    visually impaired TV user, surely the surround or Atmos output is a value
    added thing, since they cannot see the images. To stop it when AD is used
    seems totally counter intuitive.
    Brian

    --

    --:
    This newsgroup posting comes to you directly from...
    The Sofa of Brian Gaff...
    briang1@blueyonder.co.uk
    Blind user, so no pictures please
    Note this Signature is meaningless.!
    "Woody" <harrogate3@ntlworld.com> wrote in message news:u13mqv$2l38n$1@dont-email.me...
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz tops, I >>>> find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped with unecessary >>>> loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply revenue to composers
    and musicians..?

    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that the
    producer has no intention of fading out the music once the dialogue
    starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their
    disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - it's
    as though they are children playing with a new toy they have never
    learned to use properly.

    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to have
    dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.

    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control these
    days?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Stephen Wolstenholme@21:1/5 to brian1gaff@gmail.com on Wed Apr 12 14:01:16 2023
    On Wed, 12 Apr 2023 13:21:18 +0100, "Brian Gaff"
    <brian1gaff@gmail.com> wrote:

    Yes however have you also noticed that many amps are unusable by a blind >person due to touch controls or no depressed buttons?

    I'm not blind but I find touch controls impossible to use. My clumsy
    fingers either miss the controls or touch more than one.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Robin@21:1/5 to Mark Carver on Wed Apr 12 15:05:10 2023
    On 12/04/2023 13:13, Mark Carver wrote:
    On 12/04/2023 13:09, Smolley wrote:
    On Wed, 12 Apr 2023 11:04:48 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 12/04/2023 10:47, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 14:45:08 +0100, Mark Carver wrote:

    On 11/04/2023 14:20, Woody wrote:
    On Tue 11/04/2023 13:58, Smolley wrote:
    On Tue, 11 Apr 2023 11:59:51 +0100, Liz Tuddenham wrote:

    Smolley <s@home.net> wrote:

    .....added to documentaries. Now my hearing is limited to ~7kHz >>>>>>>>> tops, I find it irritating to miss important dialogue, swamped >>>>>>>>> with unecessary loud music. Is this a union agreement to supply >>>>>>>>> revenue to composers and musicians..?
    It ruins nearly every programme for me.

    I listen to the start of a programme but it soon becomes clear that >>>>>>>> the producer has no intention of fading out the music once the >>>>>>>> dialogue starts, so I just switch off.

    Just because they have continuous music and effects tracks at their >>>>>>>> disposal, it doesn't mean they have to fill them the whole time - >>>>>>>> it's as though they are children playing with a new toy they have >>>>>>>> never learned to use properly.
    Where stereo extists in a broadcast, I think it would be good to >>>>>>> have dialogue on one channel and any associated music on the other >>>>>>> channel,
    this would give listeners the chance to reduce the music level.
    Have you not noticed how many amps do NOT have a balance control
    these days?
    And, more importantly for this discussion, tellies !  Audio track
    selection on UK domestic DVB receivers of any type, is non existent, >>>>> so forget the idea !
    I can play TV on my laptop that has full sound control and port it to
    the Television.
    Yep, great, but what about everybody else who will suddenly have
    something different coming out of the L and R speakers on their bog
    standard tellies ?
    If you mean music over dialogue, then they get that now.
    Indeed they do, but with an uncontrollable (by the viewers) mix.

    It's all too late, the UK DVB standards should have mandated proper
    track selection etc.

    We've got the lunacy of the BBC having to have a completely different (normally some soggy SD video) stream for any 'no commentary' options
    for event coverage, which is just nuts.

    Am I barking to think that the Blue Book covered the use of multiple, synchronised AC3 streams for just such purposes?

    --
    Robin
    reply-to address is (intended to be) valid

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Dickie mint@21:1/5 to All on Thu Apr 13 13:28:52 2023
    On 12/04/2023 13:42, NY wrote:
    snip
    I suppose it depends on how the AD track is used. At one time, UK TV
    seemed to use the AD track *only* for the AD narration, with the
    programme sound (dialogue, music and effects) *only* on the normal
    track. That would have allowed AD-equipped amplifiers to vary the level
    of AD compared with programme sound, providing it can play both tracks.

    But recent practice seems to be to duplicate programme sound on AD,
    maybe in mono or reduced-bitrate form, and for playing equipment to play
    one track *or* the other, but not a variable combination of them.
    Software players, such as VLC, can only play one track or the other,
    with no facility for mixing them, and I suppose that is done because it reflects modern (and/or non-UK) use of the AD track as AD-plus-programme-sound.

    As I recall, from my days in the job, the BBC wanted to do AD properly
    with one channel of a second audio stream with mono dialogue and the
    other as a control track. This would be received by a box of tricks
    where the user could vary the volume of the AD and even possibly move
    the AD from side to side. Indeed I was privvy to the trials. I think
    there's an ancient BBC R & D note on it.

    But commercial interests overruled the Beeb, who had spent most time on developing AD, in favour of a 'studio mixed' AD stream.

    The BBC scheme saved bitrate. But commercial broadcasters were using low bitrate to cram more into a Mux, so weren't bothered!

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)