• Seeking diagram.

    From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to All on Sun Apr 2 12:25:17 2023
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    Les (MW0SEC).

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From RustyHinge@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Tue Apr 4 09:51:58 2023
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    --
    Rusty Hinge
    To err is human. To really foul things up requires a computer and the BOFH.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to RustyHinge on Wed Apr 5 10:02:43 2023
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Paul@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Wed Apr 5 14:50:00 2023
    On 4/5/2023 5:02 AM, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.

    The controller board:

    https://i.redd.it/v3655qp6cy881.jpg

    See if one of these is on the controller board.

    https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/791050/Motorola/MC1566L/1

    "Datasheet Download MC1566L Datasheet"

    The puzzle would be, why are there seven trimmers on the controller board ?

    There could be two output windings on the transformer. One
    winding is for the supervisor voltage (the DC to run the 1566).
    Since the controller can series-pass much higher voltages,
    a second winding provides the power source for the output.

    In the diagram with the back to back diodes, those diodes protect
    a back to back pair inside the chip. That's what some of the other
    diodes do as well. My only concern with this, is whether any of the
    diodes are being operated outside their current flow limits. Apparently
    one diode on that controller board, likes to burn. All the diodes
    are similar to 1N4007 series diodes, 1 ampere, and the characteristic
    is similar to what is inside the chip. The fourth page of the PDF,
    has all of the "theoretical" diodes shown (diodes for protection purposes, diodes for stuff like capacitor discharge paths during a dead short).
    In the same way a 7805 has a theoretical diode you can place outside
    the device, which runs in parallel with a parasitic substrate diode.

    Paul

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to Paul on Thu Apr 6 09:19:55 2023
    On 05/04/2023 19:50, Paul wrote:
    On 4/5/2023 5:02 AM, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.

    The controller board:

       https://i.redd.it/v3655qp6cy881.jpg

    See if one of these is on the controller board.

    https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/791050/Motorola/MC1566L/1

       "Datasheet    Download MC1566L Datasheet"

    The puzzle would be, why are there seven trimmers on the controller board ?

    There could be two output windings on the transformer. One
    winding is for the supervisor voltage (the DC to run the 1566).
    Since the controller can series-pass much higher voltages,
    a second winding provides the power source for the output.

    In the diagram with the back to back diodes, those diodes protect
    a back to back pair inside the chip. That's what some of the other
    diodes do as well. My only concern with this, is whether any of the
    diodes are being operated outside their current flow limits. Apparently
    one diode on that controller board, likes to burn. All the diodes
    are similar to 1N4007 series diodes, 1 ampere, and the characteristic
    is similar to what is inside the chip. The fourth page of the PDF,
    has all of the "theoretical" diodes shown (diodes for protection purposes, diodes for stuff like capacitor discharge paths during a dead short).
    In the same way a 7805 has a theoretical diode you can place outside
    the device, which runs in parallel with a parasitic substrate diode.

       Paul
    Thanks. There is one of those controllers in there and I have studied
    the application notes in the hope of seeing a correlation. The circuitry
    in the PSU does not seem to follow the examples closely enough.
    The item I am trying to repair does have the burnt diode as shown in
    your piccie. What confuses me is that the item which looks like a large
    yellow ?diode? at the bottom left of the pcb is also fried. It is black
    in my example and about the size of a 1N5408 - but is it a big zener?
    The owner confessed to me that he was trying to charge a car battery
    with the PSU (with no limiting resistor) so anything could have happened...

    There are two windings on the transformer as you suggest and I am trying
    to trace the circuit out, but it is quite a job to do so! My biggest
    problem is trying to establish the value and purpose of that big diode.

    Les.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Paul@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Fri Apr 7 05:59:55 2023
    On 4/6/2023 4:19 AM, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 05/04/2023 19:50, Paul wrote:
    On 4/5/2023 5:02 AM, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.

    The controller board:

        https://i.redd.it/v3655qp6cy881.jpg

    See if one of these is on the controller board.

    https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/791050/Motorola/MC1566L/1

        "Datasheet    Download MC1566L Datasheet"

    The puzzle would be, why are there seven trimmers on the controller board ? >>
    There could be two output windings on the transformer. One
    winding is for the supervisor voltage (the DC to run the 1566).
    Since the controller can series-pass much higher voltages,
    a second winding provides the power source for the output.

    In the diagram with the back to back diodes, those diodes protect
    a back to back pair inside the chip. That's what some of the other
    diodes do as well. My only concern with this, is whether any of the
    diodes are being operated outside their current flow limits. Apparently
    one diode on that controller board, likes to burn. All the diodes
    are similar to 1N4007 series diodes, 1 ampere, and the characteristic
    is similar to what is inside the chip. The fourth page of the PDF,
    has all of the "theoretical" diodes shown (diodes for protection purposes, >> diodes for stuff like capacitor discharge paths during a dead short).
    In the same way a 7805 has a theoretical diode you can place outside
    the device, which runs in parallel with a parasitic substrate diode.

        Paul
    Thanks. There is one of those controllers in there and I have studied the application notes in the hope of seeing a correlation. The circuitry in the PSU does not seem to follow the examples closely enough.
    The item I am trying to repair does have the burnt diode as shown in your piccie. What confuses me is that the item which looks like a large yellow ?diode? at the bottom left of the pcb is also fried. It is black in my example and about the size of a
    1N5408 - but is it a big zener?
    The owner confessed to me that he was trying to charge a car battery with the PSU (with no limiting resistor) so anything could have happened...

    There are two windings on the transformer as you suggest and I am trying to trace the circuit out, but it is quite a job to do so! My biggest problem is trying to establish the value and purpose of that big diode.

    Les.

    Check and see if the TO-220 style device that burned, was
    a transistor with three legs. I have some surplus parts,
    that somehow I identified or made a tentative identification.
    Things like 2N6109, TIP35, and 2N5296. What is interesting
    about them, is the novel mechanical features. On one of them,
    the tab (and probably the central pin) seem to be made of
    ordinary tin plate metal. The others look more like proper
    transistor packages and not quite as cheesy.

    [Picture]

    https://i.postimg.cc/ZqywxcFP/tabbed-transistors.jpg

    Paul

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to Paul on Fri Apr 7 16:30:25 2023
    On 07/04/2023 10:59, Paul wrote:


    Check and see if the TO-220 style device that burned, was
    a transistor with three legs. I have some surplus parts,
    that somehow I identified or made a tentative identification.
    Things like 2N6109, TIP35, and 2N5296. What is interesting
    about them, is the novel mechanical features. On one of them,
    the tab (and probably the central pin) seem to be made of
    ordinary tin plate metal. The others look more like proper
    transistor packages and not quite as cheesy.

       [Picture]

       https://i.postimg.cc/ZqywxcFP/tabbed-transistors.jpg

      Paul
    No, all of the transistors are fine. What I really need is the spec. for
    the diode at the bottom left of your earlier picture. I suspect that as
    one of the diodes across part of the IC is knackered, that a replacement
    IC will also be required.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Paul@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Fri Apr 7 21:10:55 2023
    On 4/7/2023 11:30 AM, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 07/04/2023 10:59, Paul wrote:


    Check and see if the TO-220 style device that burned, was
    a transistor with three legs. I have some surplus parts,
    that somehow I identified or made a tentative identification.
    Things like 2N6109, TIP35, and 2N5296. What is interesting
    about them, is the novel mechanical features. On one of them,
    the tab (and probably the central pin) seem to be made of
    ordinary tin plate metal. The others look more like proper
    transistor packages and not quite as cheesy.

        [Picture]

        https://i.postimg.cc/ZqywxcFP/tabbed-transistors.jpg

       Paul
    No, all of the transistors are fine. What I really need is the spec. for the diode at the bottom left of your earlier picture. I suspect that as one of the diodes across part of the IC is knackered, that a replacement IC will also be required.

    I agree, without a Bill Of Materials, this problem is not
    going to be easy to solve. This happens every time components
    burn on a design.

    This means you're going to have to trace the circuit, and
    see exactly which diode that happens to be, and what potential
    role it has. While it could be a series diode on the high side
    of the power transistor (on the heat sink), it would make more
    sense for a diode like that, to be bolted to the heatsink. That
    diode is only supposed to be used for 200V bench supplies or the like.

    I can't tell from here, where that diode sits in the design,
    and potentially, what pins on the IC it is across.

    A lot of the tiny SMT stuff on designs now, even if the
    component is not burned, you can't identify it. I was at
    the factory at work, I pointed at some resistor and it
    had some bogus "35" or "79" printed on it, so I asked
    the tech "how do you know what that is?". And he picks
    up a sheet of paper from the bench, and says, "see, I have
    this table with them all listed". Of course this did not
    answer the question, of the thousands of sheets of paper out
    there, how do you know this sheet is the correct one ? With the
    BOM for the design, and a schematic, I'm better able to work
    out what such a thing is.

    Paul

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Sat Apr 15 21:36:43 2023
    On 05/04/2023 10:02, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.


    Having just seen my credit card statement, I note that these pirates
    have deducted an unauthorised £35.00 in addition to the £1 for the enquiry.

    I strongly advise AGAINST anyone using this "service"!

    Les.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Jeff@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Sun Apr 16 09:28:47 2023
    On 15/04/2023 21:36, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 05/04/2023 10:02, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.


    Having just seen my credit card statement, I note that these pirates
    have deducted an unauthorised £35.00 in addition to the £1 for the enquiry.

    I strongly advise AGAINST anyone using this "service"!

    Les.

    Beware; looking at their website they will charge you a monthly fee
    unless you cancel.

    Jeff

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From mm0fmf@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Sun Apr 16 08:52:07 2023
    On 15/04/2023 21:36, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 05/04/2023 10:02, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola
    variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.


    Having just seen my credit card statement, I note that these pirates
    have deducted an unauthorised £35.00 in addition to the £1 for the enquiry.

    I strongly advise AGAINST anyone using this "service"!

    Les.
    Looks like you have paid for one month's worth of Technician answers.
    You'd better cancel or you'll get charged £35/month from now on.

    "JustAnswer is a monthly membership-based service. Single-question
    customers must cancel during their trial period to avoid incurring
    monthly membership charges. Membership will continue until cancellation."

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to Jeff on Sun Apr 16 12:48:21 2023
    On 16/04/2023 09:28, Jeff wrote:
    On 15/04/2023 21:36, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 05/04/2023 10:02, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a
    Motorola variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.


    Having just seen my credit card statement, I note that these pirates
    have deducted an unauthorised £35.00 in addition to the £1 for the
    enquiry.

    I strongly advise AGAINST anyone using this "service"!

    Les.

    Beware; looking at their website they will charge you a monthly fee
    unless you cancel.

    Jeff
    Silly me - replied to sender instead of follow -up. Try again:

    You are right - the sneaky thing being that the £35 was charged around
    the day after - so you don't get much time to do it. Very sharp
    practice. Have informed card company to block any further payments...

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Julian Macassey@21:1/5 to Jeff on Sun Apr 16 09:20:01 2023
    On Sun, 16 Apr 2023 09:28:47 +0100, Jeff <jeff@ukra.com> wrote:
    On 15/04/2023 21:36, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 05/04/2023 10:02, Les. Hayward wrote:
    On 04/04/2023 09:51, RustyHinge wrote:
    On 02/04/2023 12:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Would any kind souls happen to have a circuit diagram for a Motorola >>>>> variable PSU Mod. number S-1347D?

    http://motorola.justanswer.co.uk/ ?

    Thanks. Paid a quid and tried it. Waste of a quid, but worth a shot.


    Having just seen my credit card statement, I note that these pirates
    have deducted an unauthorised £35.00 in addition to the £1 for the enquiry.

    I strongly advise AGAINST anyone using this "service"!

    Beware; looking at their website they will charge you a monthly fee
    unless you cancel.

    A sophisticated fraud, but a fraud nonetheless. So why
    aren't these people in prison?

    It seems that these days fraud isn't a crime but just
    another business strategy.

    --
    The £1.37 billion that the Gates Foundation distributes every
    year is a measly 2.5 percent of Gates’s fortune and provides him
    with hefty tax deductions. - Susan Rosenthal May 2015

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From mm0fmf@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Mon Apr 17 08:04:59 2023
    On 16/04/2023 12:48, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Have informed card company to block any further payments...

    You should also cancel with the people who you now have a subscription with.

    For reference:

    https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/debt-and-money/banking/stopping-a-future-payment-on-your-debit-or-credit-card/

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From David Woolley@21:1/5 to Julian Macassey on Mon Apr 17 12:54:29 2023
    On 16/04/2023 10:20, Julian Macassey wrote:
    Beware; looking at their website they will charge you a monthly fee
    unless you cancel.
    A sophisticated fraud, but a fraud nonetheless. So why
    aren't these people in prison?

    Doesn't seem to be different in principle from the way that you get
    tricked into subscribing to Amazon Prime. I've got caught at least
    twice, although have always cancelled.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Roger Hayter@21:1/5 to none@invalid.com on Mon Apr 17 17:30:52 2023
    On 17 Apr 2023 at 08:04:59 BST, "mm0fmf" <none@invalid.com> wrote:

    On 16/04/2023 12:48, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Have informed card company to block any further payments...

    You should also cancel with the people who you now have a subscription with.

    For reference:

    https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/debt-and-money/banking/stopping-a-future-payment-on-your-debit-or-credit-card/

    Yes, the credit card companies don't do the same guarantee to allow you to cancel as the banks do with direct debit. They argue, with some logic, that it is not their job to help you break a contract. So if the people charging you act illegally your only remedy is to either go to court or raise a formal dispute with the credit card company and present evidence to them. They make too much money out of people inertia selling subscriptions to make it too easy to get out of it.

    --
    Roger Hayter

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From jim.gm4dhj@21:1/5 to Roger Hayter on Wed Apr 19 16:21:27 2023
    On 17/04/2023 18:30, Roger Hayter wrote:
    On 17 Apr 2023 at 08:04:59 BST, "mm0fmf" <none@invalid.com> wrote:

    On 16/04/2023 12:48, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Have informed card company to block any further payments...

    You should also cancel with the people who you now have a subscription with. >>
    For reference:

    https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/debt-and-money/banking/stopping-a-future-payment-on-your-debit-or-credit-card/

    Yes, the credit card companies don't do the same guarantee to allow you to cancel as the banks do with direct debit. They argue, with some logic, that it
    is not their job to help you break a contract. So if the people charging you act illegally your only remedy is to either go to court or raise a formal dispute with the credit card company and present evidence to them. They make too much money out of people inertia selling subscriptions to make it too easy
    to get out of it.

    looked perfectly leglit to me....fully spelt out

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Roger Hayter@21:1/5 to All on Thu Apr 20 00:07:47 2023
    On 19 Apr 2023 at 16:21:27 BST, ""jim.gm4dhj"" <kinvig.netta@ntlworld.com> wrote:

    On 17/04/2023 18:30, Roger Hayter wrote:
    On 17 Apr 2023 at 08:04:59 BST, "mm0fmf" <none@invalid.com> wrote:

    On 16/04/2023 12:48, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Have informed card company to block any further payments...

    You should also cancel with the people who you now have a subscription with.

    For reference:

    https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/debt-and-money/banking/stopping-a-future-payment-on-your-debit-or-credit-card/

    Yes, the credit card companies don't do the same guarantee to allow you to >> cancel as the banks do with direct debit. They argue, with some logic, that it
    is not their job to help you break a contract. So if the people charging you >> act illegally your only remedy is to either go to court or raise a formal
    dispute with the credit card company and present evidence to them. They make >> too much money out of people inertia selling subscriptions to make it too easy
    to get out of it.

    looked perfectly leglit to me....fully spelt out

    Note I carefully didn't give an opinion on that - I just said *if* he thinks
    he has been unfairly treated, and the web site won't give him his money back then he needs to prove his point, unlike the DD system where you can cancel it no questions asked. Though you still can't get money you've already paid back.
    I think it's different in America, which confuses people who've read American sites.


    --
    Roger Hayter

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Les. Hayward@21:1/5 to All on Thu Apr 20 09:25:33 2023
    On 19/04/2023 16:21, jim.gm4dhj wrote:
    On 17/04/2023 18:30, Roger Hayter wrote:
    On 17 Apr 2023 at 08:04:59 BST, "mm0fmf" <none@invalid.com> wrote:

    On 16/04/2023 12:48, Les. Hayward wrote:
    Have informed card company to block any further payments...

    You should also cancel with the people who you now have a
    subscription with.

    For reference:

    https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/debt-and-money/banking/stopping-a-future-payment-on-your-debit-or-credit-card/

    Yes, the credit card companies don't do the same guarantee to allow
    you to
    cancel as the banks do with direct debit. They argue, with some logic,
    that it
    is not their job to help you break a contract. So if the people
    charging you
    act illegally your only remedy is to either go to court or raise a formal
    dispute with the credit card company and present evidence to them.
    They make
    too much money out of people inertia selling subscriptions to make it
    too easy
    to get out of it.

    looked perfectly leglit to me....fully spelt out
    I have no problem with credit cards - they tend to be as helpful as
    possible. As to the vendors, I have no doubt that their actions are
    legal (just). What I object to is the very sharp practice of withdrawing
    the full amount almost immediately the "trial" period starts.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From mm0fmf@21:1/5 to Les. Hayward on Thu Apr 20 12:55:43 2023
    On 20/04/2023 09:25, Les. Hayward wrote:
    What I object to is the very sharp practice of withdrawing the full
    amount almost immediately the "trial" period starts.

    My bank used to offer single-use credit cards. i.e. you got a credit
    card number and CVV2 and a short expiry date through your online account
    page. You could use the card for a single purchase and was ideal for
    online use. After it had been used once, no more transactions would be
    paid. Sadly they stopped doing them some time back.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From M C@21:1/5 to All on Thu Apr 20 20:28:18 2023
    On 20/04/2023 12:55, mm0fmf wrote:
    My bank used to offer single-use credit cards. i.e. you got a credit
    card number and CVV2 and a short expiry date through your online account page.  You could use the card for a single purchase and was ideal for
    online use. After it had been used once, no more transactions would be
    paid. Sadly they stopped doing them some time back.

    top up cards even better, you keep the balance at zero most of the time
    and top up just the right amount before the purchase.. no surprises
    afterwards

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)