On Friday, July 15, 2022 at 11:44:37 PM UTC-4, stoney wrote:
On Saturday, July 16, 2022 at 11:44:00 AM UTC+8, stoney wrote:
Saqib Rahim
May 16, 2022·6 min read
A new initiative is aimed at raising awareness about a dark and often forgotten chapter of U.S. history: the secret bombing of Laos during the Vietnam War.
Nearly half a century later, most Americans — and even many young Laotian Americans — know little about the clandestine, nine-year, CIA-led military campaign informally called the “secret war.”
Unlike the Vietnam War, the secret war is seldom taught in U.S. schools. For Laotian elders, most of whom came to the U.S. as refugees during and after the war, the memories can be too traumatic to revisit. Some take them to the grave.
The mission of the Legacies Library, a project of the Washington, D.C.-based group Legacies of War, is to keep the secret war from being lost to time.
A small team of volunteers has begun compiling educational materials about the war, including documentaries, scholarly research and government documents, and uploading free digital versions online.
They’re just getting started, said Sera Koulabdara, executive director of Legacies of War.
“We’re trying to preserve this history so we can protect the future,” said Koulabdara, who was born in Laos but largely grew up in Ohio. “We wanted to encourage more people to write about it and take interest in their history, including the
American public.”
It wasn’t called the secret war for nothing.
The Johnson and Nixon administrations each oversaw U.S. military operations in Laos — technically a neutral country — without informing Congress of the full scale of the American involvement.
U.S. bombers were pummeling communist supply lines on both sides of the Vietnam-Laos border, often with little regard for civilian casualties.
They dropped an estimated 2 million tons of ordnance during the conflict, making Laos, on a per-person basis, the most bombed nation in history.
Indochina / Laos / Cambodia / Vietnam: United States Air Force Boeing B-52 Stratofortress releasing a payload of bombs over Indochina as part of 'Operation Arc Light' (1965-1973), c. 1968. (Universal Images Group / Universal Images Group via Getty
file)
Congressional hearings in 1971 made the campaign known to the public. But by 1975, the U.S. had withdrawn from Vietnam and a weary nation was ready to move on.
In Laos, the communist Lao People’s Revolutionary Party took power, which it has held ever since.
The impact of the secret war continues to be felt today, including the danger of unexploded ordnance.
About a third of the American bombs failed to explode on impact. Leftover explosives still saturate the Lao countryside, posing a threat to farmers and children.
Some 50,000 people have been killed or injured by unexploded ordnance since 1964, according to AUSLAO-UXO, a company with Lao and Australian owners that provides clearance services.
As the war wound down, thousands of refugees left Laos, with a large share settling in the U.S.
According to U.S. government data, there are about 200,000 Laotian Americans, nearly all of whom trace their heritage to this time, while the Hmong American community, which also includes many refugees from Laos, numbers around 300,000.
The Hmong are a separate ethnic group — with a language and cultural traditions distinct from Lao — who have over the last two centuries migrated from China into parts of Southeast Asia.
Southeast Asian immigrants from this era often bury war memories in a “culture of silence,” mental health advocates say.
Some research suggests this trauma can be passed down through generations, manifesting in a sense of rootlessness or a lack of Lao identity among descendants.
Legacies of War, formed in 2004, spent years pushing Congress to increase funding for bomb clearance in Laos. Its efforts paid off in 2016, when then-President Barack Obama became the first sitting U.S. president to visit the country. He doubled
annual support for ordnance clearance efforts to $30 million.
That started to address one legacy of the secret war, but another one loomed: Americans’ continuing lack of awareness about it.
The idea for the Legacies Library came in 2020, after Koulabdara found herself sharing memories with Jessica Pearce Rotondi, a journalist and author in New York she met through social media.
Both had spent years rifling through musty boxes, trying to make sense of the family histories their loved ones could never tell.
After her father died in 2017, Koulabdara found photos from his childhood, old journals and notes from his career as a surgeon in Laos.
Rotondi had been researching her memoir “What We Inherit,” about her family’s search for answers about her uncle, an American pilot during the Vietnam War who never came home.
Searching her childhood home, she found boxes of heavily redacted, declassified CIA documents concerning his service, as well as stacks of letters that chronicled the family’s quest to find him.
Their exchanges convinced them of the need for more transparency about the bombing campaign in Laos.
“Those bars separated families and continue to keep Americans from knowing their history,” Rotondi said in an email, referring to the blacked-out portions of the documents. “Our goal with Legacies Library is to stop the silence around the
Secret War.”
Two years later, the Legacies Library is taking shape.
Fact sheets and congressional testimonies offer a crash course on the continuing problem of unexploded ordnance in Laos. There are also links to books and documentaries selected by a Legacies of War review committee.
One of the library’s crown jewels is a group of 32 drawings by Lao villagers.
Collected by an American volunteer, Fred Branfman, in the 1970s, they depict what the U.S. air war looked like from below. They represent one of the only forms of direct testimony about the war by the Lao people.
Among the Legacies Library’s holdings are a group of 32 drawings by Lao villagers that depict what the U.S. air war looked like from below.
(Courtesy Legacies of War)
Down the road, organizers hope to find funding for the library — it’s now run by volunteers — and add new, unique holdings.
One area where the library is lacking, Rotondi said, is its resources about the Hmong people, many of whom were key U.S. partners during the war. A museum in Minnesota, a state that nearly a third of Hmong Americans call home, commemorates that part
of the story.
As for government materials, Sens. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., and Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I.,are supporting efforts to declassify more CIA documents.
Another prospect is to add oral histories. As they become grandparents, some immigrants from Laos have started to open up about their war experiences.
It’s the curiosity of younger generations, though, that may make a fuller reconciliation possible.
In February, Laotian Ambassador to the U.S. Khamphan Anlavan gave an award to siblings Hyleigh and Prinston Pan, high schoolers in California, for their work to commemorate the secret war.
Siblings Hyleigh and Prinston Pan, high schoolers in California, were recognized by Khamphan Anlavan, Laos’ ambassador to the U.S., for their efforts to raise awareness about the secret war.
(Courtesy Legacies of War) Hyleigh Pan has gathered testimonials for Southeast Asia-related legislation and helped produce a documentary about unexploded ordnance in Laos. Prinston Pan has recorded more than a dozen oral histories and organized
school fundraisers for bomb cleanup in the country.
He has also written a children’s book, “Kong’s Adventure,” based on the experience of his grandfather, who served as a police chief in Laos under the U.S.-backed government before fleeing the communist takeover with his family and starting a
new life in Kansas.
All proceeds go to the Legacies Library.
In an interview, Prinston Pan said that talking to the ambassador felt familiar, like talking to his grandfather.
The award, he thinks, “comes from a mutual care for the Lao community in general.”
“Over time, someone has to take the step forward in healing those wounds from the past.”
https://news.yahoo.com/preserving-history-america-secret-war-084756593.html
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Comments:
For nothing, this poor country is devastated American's spraying of poisonous "orange agent" that killed and maimed the population till this day. Their lands and ground waters has remained infertile and are up to now still unusable by them in the next
hundreds of years.
America had never been punished for using chemical attacks by the international court of justice at all. They never prosecuted those American leaders for ordering chemical and biological attack using orange agent to kill and burn and ingest the people
of Laos to be a permanently maimed population in Laos in Southeast Asia.
They were also not punished for the use of napalm bomb to burn the skin of children in Vietnam. They only saved one naked girl who were now become their naturalized American and used her to promote for America whilst other living people in Vietnam
suffered from permanent burns and scars have to endure a handicapped disfigured life for forever begging for foods in Vietnamese street corners.
America is now unfairly pushing to prosecute Russia for the war in Ukraine, when the war casualties did not engage in gassing people and deforestation of Ukraine with :orange agent" and napalm burning bombs. In short, US should prosecute themselves for
their war at Laos and Vietnam, too.
Scholars had been written about how the UK had killed 1.8 billion Indians while ruling
the subcontinent as a UK colony. All later crimes were comparatively small.
"Some are aware of the ghastly 2-century imposition of British colonialism on India. However,
most Indians are utterly unaware of the horrendous human cost (1.8 billion violent and non-
violent avoidable deaths in the period 1757-1947). Under British rule, Indian cultivators were
forced to produce for export, and heavily taxed while denied necessary infrastructure like roads,
to move their products to market. As one observer noted, “In this predicament, the cargo of cotton
lies sometimes for weeks on the ground, and the merchant is ruined.” The British deliberately
caused famines in India, in order to force the indigenous population into relief works, such as
road-building.
The tenant-laborer, writes Carey, “is mercilessly turned from his land and his mud hut, and left to
die on the highway.” Queen Victoria, Empress of India, ruled over a people broken by poverty,
inhumane treatment, famines, and despair. As one British author wrote: “And this occurred in British
India—in the reign of Victoria the First. Nor was the event extraordinary and unforeseen. Far from it:
1835-36 witnessed a famine in the Northern provinces; 1833 beheld one to the eastward; 1822-23
saw one in the Deccan. They have continued to increase in frequency and extent under our sway
for more than half a century.”
During the terrible famine of 1838, according to one reporter, millions of pounds of rice and other
edible grains were exported from Calcutta, to feed the kidnapped Indian Coolies, who had been sent
to the Mauritius, to work in the fields. Food was exported by India’s British administration to Allied
soldiers fighting in World War Two and denied to the local population. These are just the figures of
the British-man-made famines, it does not include the Epidemics induced by Famines, Anglo-Indian
Wars, Indians killed fighting for the British, Freedom Fighters martyred by the British. If all these are
included the figures reaches over 1.8 Billion mark."
https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/history/british-raj-induced-indian-holocaust/
Unfortunately, the current US led world order is still one of might makes right, at least
from Western point of view.
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