Phương Nguyễn
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Knows VietnameseJan 4
What factors made the Vietnam War more difficult than the Korean War for the US?
The jungle was not the big deal. Filipin was full of jungle, but the US and Australia swept the communist without any difficulty. Their activity was the key.

The US came to South Korea as a savior. They expelled Japan, then North Korea, and the USSR. They got the full support of the Southerns.

In contrast, the US came to Vietnam as an invader. After half-decade sponsoring France invading us, then they did it directly, which was the reason why the Viet Minh (or you call Viet Cong, whatever) fought against the US. One, two, or three invaders
were not different at all.

Source: The US sponsored France invading Vietnam since March 1950, 2 years before USSR was involved in Vietnam.

The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 4, "US and France in Indochina, 1950-56"
The Pentagon Papers Gravel Edition Volume 1, Chapter 4, "U.S. and France in Indochina, 1950-56" (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971) Section 1, pp. 179-214 Summary AID FOR FRANCE IN INDOCHINA, 1950-1954 The United States decision to provide military assistance
to France and the Associated States of Indochina was reached informally in February/March 1950, funded by the President on May 1, 1950, and was announced on May 8 of that year. The decision was taken in spite of the U.S. desire to avoid direct
involvement in a colonial war, and in spite of a sensing that France's political-military situation in Indochina was bad and was deteriorating. Moreover, predictions that U.S. aid would achieve a marked difference in the course of the Indochina War were
heavily qualified. The situation in which the decision was made was completely dominated by the take-over of and consolidation of power in China by the communists. Nationalist Chinese forces had been withdrawn from mainland China and Communist Chinese
troops had arrived on the border of Indochina in late 1949. This period was the high water mark of U.S. fears of direct Chinese Communist intervention in Indochina. NIE 5 of 29 December 1950 stated: "Direct intervention by Chinese Communist troops may
occur at any time . . . it is almost certain to occur in strength whenever there is danger either that the Viet Minh will fail to maintain its military objective of driving the French out of Indochina, or that the Bao Dai Government is succeeding in
undermining the support of the Viet Minh." The rationale of the decision was provided by the U.S. view that the Soviet-controlled expansion of communism both in Asia and in Europe required, in the interests of U.S. national security, a counter in
Indochina. The domino thesis was quite prominent. On 6 March 1950, the Secretary of Defense wrote the President as follows: "The choice confronting the United States is to support the legal government in Indochina or to face the extension of communism
over the remainder of the continental area of Southeast Asia and possibly westward . . ." Despite this statement, it was a generally accepted proposition that "regardless of current U.S. commitments for certain military assistance to China, the U.S. will
not commit any of its armed forces to the defense of Indochina against overt, foreign aggression, under present circumstances." The decision to begin military assistance to France and the Associated States of Indochina was not made under the illusion of
great expectations. In April 1950, the Joint Chiefs would go no further than to say that prompt delivery of the aid would do no more than create the "possibility of success." In July 1950, General Erskine, after completing his Presidential mission to
Indochina, reported that "the amount of aid and the scope of the assistance thus far requested by the French
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent9.htm
And the civilians had hatred against the US, too. In Vietnamese tradition and belief, the house is the most precious, sometimes it’s more important than life. And the first thing the Americans did in Vietnam was burn houses and kill people.

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