'Key Findings
Seven leading societal characteristics are associated with national competitive success
These are national ambition and will, unified national identity, shared opportunity, an active state, effective institutions, a learning and adapting society, and competitive diversity and pluralism.
There is some causal relationship between these seven characteristics and competitive outcomes in most cases studies the authors examined.
A prudent balance within each of these characteristics is important
Factors such as national ambition or pluralism can become competitive handicaps when pushed to an extreme.
Some of the characteristics harbor greater risk than others in this regard: Excessive national ambition and will is more dangerous than excessive shared opportunity. But all of them carry some danger when thrown out of balance.
A specific set of factors other than societal characteristics helps determine national competitive standing...
Lasting competitive advantage derives from positive-feedback synergies among the seven nominated societal characteristics...
One recipe for national competitive advantage was most consistently associated with success, the Renaissance spirit ..."
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA499-1.html
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