https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-arc-faults-electrical-safety.html
An arc-fault is an electrical discharge between two conductors
due to poor contact. These discharges cause sparks that can
reach temperatures as high as 1000 degrees Celsius, making
them one of the major causes of electrical fires. In the
United States, the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) estimates that 50 to 75 percent of all electrical
home fires are a result of arc faults. Arcing can occur
even in home appliances that operate at lower voltage
levels making the swift detection of an arc-fault is
essential for improving electrical fire safety.
A widely used circuit for detecting arc-faults is the
arc-fault circuit interrupter, which cuts off power
upon recognizing the distinctive waveform of low-voltage
arc-faults. However, it can cause accidental tripping
as some electrical appliances generate a waveform similar
to that of a low-voltage arc fault.
. . .
Look, copper particularly, though also aluminum wiring,
tends to oxidize at exposed points - conduction goes
down and down until it is not adequate for whatever
load is imposed at the end of the line.
Arc-faults are NOT a "short" - ergo ordinary fuses
and breakers cannot help.
In the 1950s, it was fairly common to SOLDER electrical
connections. This prevents oxidation. However since
then the most common approach is ordinary 'twist on'
splicers, often without any electrical tape as a
backup. THOSE connections can oxidize, perhaps kinda
rapidly, if heavier loads - like AC/Heating units -
exist.
The construction industry goes for the cheapest/quickest
method - which in this case ain't a really good thing.
Fixes ? Very difficult. Basically someone would have to
crawl through your attic, maybe tear out your walls, to
do a better oxygen-excluding connection job.
Look, that maybe 75% of home fires are caused by arc-faults,
this is a BAD problem, completely ignored in the name of
cheap/quick construction. The real price comes later
in the form of disasters and dead. What can happen at
your house can also happen in large apartment buildings
and business towers.
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