• To DU or Not To DU: The Animal Studies on The Toxicity in The Inhalatio

    From fault tolerant systems@21:1/5 to All on Sun Sep 10 12:14:38 2023
    FROM National Institute of Health USA Article:

    Mortality can be induced in animals exposed to sufficiently high
    concentrations of pure uranium compounds. The acute-duration LC50 (lethal concentration, 50% death) for uranium hexafluoride has been calculated for Long-Evans rats and Hartley guinea pigs (Leach et al. 1984). The animals were exposed to uranium hexafluoride in a nose-only exposure apparatus for
    periods of up to 10 minutes and then observed for 14 days. The 2-minute LC50 values (95% CIs) for the rats and guinea pigs were 120,290 mg U/m3 (99,270–145,750 mg U/m3) and 62,080 mg U/m3 (43,380–88,830 mg U/m3), respectively. For a 5-minute inhalation exposure, the LC50 in rats was estimated as 38,600 mg U/m3 (26,760–55,720 mg U/m3); the LC50 for a 10- minute inhalation was estimated as 12,010 mg U/m3 (10,090–14,290 mg
    U/m3).

    The animals that died showed some damage to the respiratory tract, probably due to hydrofluoric acid, but this damage was not judged to be the cause of death, at least in the animals that died more than 2 days postexposure. Urinalysis and
    histopathological examination indicated that renal injury was
    the primary cause of death (Leach et al. 1984). In other acute lethality studies,
    rats, mice, and guinea pigs suffered 10, 20, and 13% mortality, respectively, following a 10-minute inhalation of uranium hexafluoride corresponding to 637 mg U/m3 (Spiegl 1949).

    In intermediate-duration studies, rabbits and cats were generally the most sensitive species to uranium lethality. Deaths in these studies generally occurred beginning 2 weeks after exposure started and continued to the end of the experiment. Exposure to 2 mg U/m3 (as uranium hexafluoride) 6 hours/day for 30 days caused 5, 20, and 80% mortality in guinea pigs, dogs, and rabbits, respectively (Spiegl 1949). An exposure to 9.5 mg U/m3 (as uranyl nitrate hexahydrate) for 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for 30 days caused 10% mortality in rats and guinea pigs, and 75% mortality in dogs. Exposure to 2 mg U/m3 killed all four cats tested (Roberts 1949). Exposure to 9.2 mg U/m3 (as uranyl fluoride) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week for 5 weeks caused 0, 100, 83, and 55% mortality in rats, mice, rabbits and guinea pigs, and deaths in two dogs and two cats tested at this concentration (Rothstein 1949a). The lowest exposure causing death with uranyl fluoride was 0.15 mg U/m3 in mice and rabbits and
    2.2 mg U/m3 in guinea pigs. Exposure to 15.4 mg U/m3 (as uranium peroxide)
    5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 23 days caused 10, 63, 40, 80, and 100%
    mortality in rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and cats, respectively, while 9.2 mg
    U/m3 killed all of the dogs tested (Dygert 1949d). Inhalation of air containing 15 mg U/m3 (as sodium diuranate) for 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week for 5 weeks caused 13 and 28% mortality in guinea pigs and rabbits, respectively
    (Rothermel 1949).

    Insoluble uranium compounds were also lethal to animals by the inhalation route, but at higher concentrations than soluble compounds. Exposure to 15.8
    mg U/m3 (as uranium trioxide) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week for 4 weeks caused
    10, 9, 17, and 67% mortality in rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and rabbits, respectively
    (Rothstein 1949c). Inhalation of air containing 19.4 mg U/m3 (as uranium dioxide) for 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week for 5 weeks, caused 60% mortality in rabbits but no mortality in rats, mice, guinea pigs, or dogs (Rothstein 1949b). Inhalation of air containing 18 mg U/m3 (as uranium tetrafluoride) for 5 hours/day for 30 days caused 15, 32, 33, and 100% mortality in guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, and cats, respectively, and death in a single dog tested at this concentration. Inhalation at 4 mg U/m3 caused no deaths in a group of 18
    dogs, and one death in a group of 30 rats (Dygert 1949a). A mortality of 4%
    was observed among rabbits given 3 mg U/m3 (Stokinger et al. 1953).
    Exposure to 6.8 mg U/m3 (as ammonium diuranate) 6 hours/day for 30 days
    caused 20 and 100% mortality in guinea pigs and rabbits, respectively (Dygert 1949b).

    In chronic-duration experiments, inhalation of 2 mg U/m3 as uranyl nitrate hexahydrate for 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week for 92–100 weeks resulted in 1% mortality in rats (Stokinger et al. 1953). This is not an unusual mortality rate
    for rats, so it is unlikely that these deaths can be attributed to uranium exposure. Dogs exposed to uranyl nitrate hexahydrate for 2 years suffered 4% mortality (Stokinger et al. 1953). Out of 25 exposed dogs, 1 dog died at 0.25 mg U/m3 and another died at 2 mg U/m3. Death may or may not have been attributable to uranium, according to the study investigators.

    In several other inhalation-exposure animal studies, no deaths were observed when either soluble or insoluble uranium compounds were administered. In
    one of these animal studies, no mortality was observed in monkeys exposed
    by inhalation to uranium dioxide dust at a concentration of 5 mg U/m3 for 5 years. The death of Beagle dogs similarly exposed could not be attributed to uranium by the investigators (Leach et al. 1970).

    The percent mortality values for each species and other LOAEL values for mortality from exposure to uranium by the inhalation route are presented in Table 3-1 and plotted in Figure 3-1.

    * * *

    From this article we see that already in 1949 the US Army had the facts
    that i.e:

    "Exposure to 15.8 mg U/m3 (as uranium trioxide) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week
    for 4 weeks caused 10, 9, 17, and 67% mortality in rats, guinea pigs, dogs,
    and rabbits, respectively (Rothstein 1949c)."

    This means that uranium shell of 16 kilograms (that is less than a liter or cubic decimeter) will contaminate 1,000,000 of cubic meters of air in such
    a way that 67% of dogs will suffer death if exposed to such concentration
    of uranium trioxide (other, water-soluble uranium compounds are even
    more toxic!).

    To visualise this, 1,000,000 cubic meters is a cube with 100 x 100 x 100 meters.

    This is how much air will be contaminated above 67% of mortality for dogs
    (they claim it is harmless for humans, of course, or the Gulf War veterans could demand reparations for the "Gulf War syndrome".)

    Of course, you can expect that only the Russian dogs will die, but the
    winds have a strange nag for changing direction, as we've seen in the
    Chernobyl accident.

    What happens immediately after the explosion of the DU-missile is
    even more astounding and warning:

    "The 2-minute LC50 values (95% CIs) for the rats and guinea pigs were
    120,290 mg U/m3 (99,270–145,750 mg U/m3) and 62,080 mg U/m3
    (43,380–88,830 mg U/m3), respectively."

    Some calculation shows that rats inhaling uranium from a 16 kg shell
    in a space of 5 x 5 x 5 meters from explosion will receive lethal dose
    of toxicity within 2 minutes! They will die within the next 14 days as
    observed - the rest of the deaths was probably not accounted to
    the uranium toxicity.

    To go further:

    "For a 5-minute inhalation exposure, the LC50 in rats was
    estimated as 38,600 mg U/m3 (26,760–55,720 mg U/m3); the LC50 for a 10- minute inhalation was estimated as 12,010 mg U/m3 (10,090–14,290 mg
    U/m3)."

    The 5-minute exposure to the concentration of one exploded 16 kg
    missile is lethal within 11 x 11 x 11 m area from the center of the
    explosion. The death is not caused by the radiation, but by the chemical toxicity, so it is not instant.

    This is what typically occurs in a tank battle, even when the crew themselves are shielded in tanks and probably have air filters.

    What is not even considered here is the long-term effect of the
    uranium-238 with half-life of 4.5 billion years on the fertile soil and
    the crops - it might have the Fallujah effect on anyone eating it and
    wanted to have babies. For a very temporary advantage in the battlefield
    and in a temporary (we hope) war, after the end of life of our beloved star Sol,
    the amount of uranium toxicity will decrease only by half (making
    the earth sterile as Chernobyl - who wants to eat Chernobyl-grown wheat?)

    Remember also that Uncle Sam did investigate the effect of
    radioactive uranium on humans, despite claiming not to,
    and on its own soldiers, who were ordered to march toward the
    mushrooms in the Nevada desert to study the exact effect on humans
    and how long can they sustain combat readiness after the exposure.

    * * *

    The same happens with DU shielding of the tanks: DU casing is
    extremely pyrophoric and will ignite when the incoming missile
    strikes the tank. The pyrophoric effect of the depleted uranium
    will destroy the incoming missile before it exploded, bursting outwards,
    but alas with greater concentrations of uranium dioxide and uranium
    trioxide inhaled by the crew. They will not inhale it for a month, hopefully, but the interest of the military minds is that they survive until the
    military goal is accomplished and the objective target is conquered.

    What happens later with the veterans is somebody else's problem.

    However, as in all temptations of God - I cannot tell you what to do,
    only provide you with the intel.

    You have to choose between right and wrong. And we can hope and
    pray that you choose right.

    in the LORD
    Amen

    REFERENCES:

    [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK158798/

    [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium#Military

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From fault tolerant systems@21:1/5 to All on Sun Sep 10 12:26:11 2023
    CONCLUSION

    According to the US NIH data and the referred to article, and our calculations, explosion of a typical 16 kg (less than cubic decimeter in volume) depleted uranium
    missile would cause death of 50% of rats in a 2-minute exposure to UF6 in
    a 5 x 5 x 5 meter area.

    The same missile would cause the death of 50% of guinea pigs in a 5-minute exposure
    to UF6 in a 11 x 11 x 11 meter area (1000 cubic meters).

    The death is not due to the radioactivity of of U-238, but due to its chemical toxicity and other effects.

    The long half-life of U-238 ("depleted uranium") of 4.5 billion years makes this
    toxicity almost permanent, such that it would decrease only by half at the expected
    life of Sun of 5 billion years. The nanoparticles emitted by the explosions and uranium trioxide that develops due to the high pyrophoric nature of chemical uranium makes the environment cleanup hard and next to impossible.

    The toxicity is not only high but airborne, so the wind can carry it into the unpredictable
    directions, depending on the current weather.

    The use of depleted uranium ammunition and shielding will inevitably have a toll on the fertile soil and the contamination of wheat crops that feed the poorest
    part of the world, making the Western GMO crops the only solution for world hunger.

    in the LORD
    Amen

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From fault tolerant systems@21:1/5 to All on Sun Sep 10 12:37:11 2023
    COROLLARY

    ""Exposure to 15.8 mg U/m3 (as uranium trioxide) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week
    for 4 weeks caused 10, 9, 17, and 67% mortality in rats, guinea pigs, dogs,
    and rabbits, respectively (Rothstein 1949c)."

    This means that a uranium shell of 16 kilograms (that is less than a liter or cubic decimeter) will contaminate 1,000,000 of cubic meters of air in such
    a way that 67% of dogs will suffer death if exposed to such concentration
    of uranium trioxide (other, water-soluble uranium compounds are even
    more toxic!)."

    * * *

    A corollary of this conclusion is that an explosion of a 16 kg depleted uranium shell will create enough chemical and other toxicity to kill 67% of dogs within a month (4 weeks) in a space of 1,000,000 cubic meters (100 x 100 x 100 meters).
    This also means that 100 shells would kill 67% of dogs in a surface volume
    of 1000 x 1000 x 100 meters, that is square kilometer up to 100 meters high.

    This is, however, not unimaginable.

    We see that these are not just "double weight lead" shells. There is something going
    on we have not been told, and they don't want us to know.

    And the Great Bear would be very angry if he begets some Fallujah babies,
    and no one could blame him for that being done to his cubs.

    the little Circus bear

    in the LORD
    Amen

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Jedi Master@21:1/5 to fault tolerant systems on Fri Sep 15 22:09:20 2023
    On Sunday, September 10, 2023 at 9:37:13 AM UTC-10, fault tolerant systems wrote:
    COROLLARY
    ""Exposure to 15.8 mg U/m3 (as uranium trioxide) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week for 4 weeks caused 10, 9, 17, and 67% mortality in rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and rabbits, respectively (Rothstein 1949c)."
    This means that a uranium shell of 16 kilograms (that is less than a liter or cubic decimeter) will contaminate 1,000,000 of cubic meters of air in such
    a way that 67% of dogs will suffer death if exposed to such concentration
    of uranium trioxide (other, water-soluble uranium compounds are even
    more toxic!)."
    * * *

    A corollary of this conclusion is that an explosion of a 16 kg depleted uranium
    shell will create enough chemical and other toxicity to kill 67% of dogs within
    a month (4 weeks) in a space of 1,000,000 cubic meters (100 x 100 x 100 meters).
    This also means that 100 shells would kill 67% of dogs in a surface volume of 1000 x 1000 x 100 meters, that is square kilometer up to 100 meters high.

    This is, however, not unimaginable.

    We see that these are not just "double weight lead" shells. There is something going
    on we have not been told, and they don't want us to know.

    And the Great Bear would be very angry if he begets some Fallujah babies, and no one could blame him for that being done to his cubs.

    the little Circus bear

    in the LORD
    Amen

    I think depleted uranium bullets and artillery is needed to bring the war to a quicker end. Much more threatening to everyone is the six reactors now in the hands of Russian war criminals on occupied Ukrainian territory.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From fault tolerant systems@21:1/5 to All on Mon Sep 18 13:17:44 2023
    Dana subota, 16. rujna 2023. u 07:09:22 UTC+2 korisnik Jedi Master napisao je:
    On Sunday, September 10, 2023 at 9:37:13 AM UTC-10, fault tolerant systems wrote:
    COROLLARY
    ""Exposure to 15.8 mg U/m3 (as uranium trioxide) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week
    for 4 weeks caused 10, 9, 17, and 67% mortality in rats, guinea pigs, dogs,
    and rabbits, respectively (Rothstein 1949c)."
    This means that a uranium shell of 16 kilograms (that is less than a liter or
    cubic decimeter) will contaminate 1,000,000 of cubic meters of air in such a way that 67% of dogs will suffer death if exposed to such concentration of uranium trioxide (other, water-soluble uranium compounds are even
    more toxic!)."
    * * *

    A corollary of this conclusion is that an explosion of a 16 kg depleted uranium
    shell will create enough chemical and other toxicity to kill 67% of dogs within
    a month (4 weeks) in a space of 1,000,000 cubic meters (100 x 100 x 100 meters).
    This also means that 100 shells would kill 67% of dogs in a surface volume of 1000 x 1000 x 100 meters, that is square kilometer up to 100 meters high.

    This is, however, not unimaginable.

    We see that these are not just "double weight lead" shells. There is something going
    on we have not been told, and they don't want us to know.

    And the Great Bear would be very angry if he begets some Fallujah babies, and no one could blame him for that being done to his cubs.

    the little Circus bear

    in the LORD
    Amen
    I think depleted uranium bullets and artillery is needed to bring the war to a quicker end. Much more threatening to everyone is the six reactors now in the hands of Russian war criminals on occupied Ukrainian territory.

    Remember that Yoda said to Luke Skywalker that he will find in the tunnel of challenge only what he brings in.

    It can be a quicker end followed by 4.5 billion years of contamination.

    Or it can be reciprocated, in which case it would only escalate. Eventually, depleted uranium bullets and artillery
    are projected to be used on the civilian population after just a couple of moves on the chess board.

    It is not recommended, and I admire your lack of foresight.

    in the LORD
    Amen

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Jedi Master@21:1/5 to fault tolerant systems on Tue Sep 19 20:06:22 2023
    On Monday, September 18, 2023 at 10:17:46 AM UTC-10, fault tolerant systems wrote:
    Dana subota, 16. rujna 2023. u 07:09:22 UTC+2 korisnik Jedi Master napisao je:
    On Sunday, September 10, 2023 at 9:37:13 AM UTC-10, fault tolerant systems wrote:
    COROLLARY
    ""Exposure to 15.8 mg U/m3 (as uranium trioxide) 6 hours/day, 5.5 days/week
    for 4 weeks caused 10, 9, 17, and 67% mortality in rats, guinea pigs, dogs,
    and rabbits, respectively (Rothstein 1949c)."
    This means that a uranium shell of 16 kilograms (that is less than a liter or
    cubic decimeter) will contaminate 1,000,000 of cubic meters of air in such
    a way that 67% of dogs will suffer death if exposed to such concentration
    of uranium trioxide (other, water-soluble uranium compounds are even more toxic!)."
    * * *

    A corollary of this conclusion is that an explosion of a 16 kg depleted uranium
    shell will create enough chemical and other toxicity to kill 67% of dogs within
    a month (4 weeks) in a space of 1,000,000 cubic meters (100 x 100 x 100 meters).
    This also means that 100 shells would kill 67% of dogs in a surface volume
    of 1000 x 1000 x 100 meters, that is square kilometer up to 100 meters high.

    This is, however, not unimaginable.

    We see that these are not just "double weight lead" shells. There is something going
    on we have not been told, and they don't want us to know.

    And the Great Bear would be very angry if he begets some Fallujah babies,
    and no one could blame him for that being done to his cubs.

    the little Circus bear

    in the LORD
    Amen
    I think depleted uranium bullets and artillery is needed to bring the war to a quicker end. Much more threatening to everyone is the six reactors now in the hands of Russian war criminals on occupied Ukrainian territory.
    Remember that Yoda said to Luke Skywalker that he will find in the tunnel of challenge only what he brings in.

    It can be a quicker end followed by 4.5 billion years of contamination.

    Or it can be reciprocated, in which case it would only escalate. Eventually, depleted uranium bullets and artillery
    are projected to be used on the civilian population after just a couple of moves on the chess board.

    It is not recommended, and I admire your lack of foresight.

    in the LORD
    Amen

    Your views are in absolute subjective terms when the scientific fact is depleted uranium metal can easily be detected and removed from the environment. Then there is the factor of diminishing returns based on the number of Ukrainian lives saved and the
    efficiency in destroy enemy. I am simply expressing the overwhelming need to quickly get the job done with relative benefits that clearly out weight the costs.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)