Alright, looks as though I have three rewrites of NOVA Earth series, for they just plain simply got it wrong on all three.

The Moon was not a satellite of Earth until about 90-66 million years ago. Earth was by itself until 90-66 million years ago. And being by itself meant it revolved around the Sun with one side of Earth staring into the Sun all the time and the other side
of Earth in complete darkness. The day for Earth was equal to the year of Earth, when you have no satellite.

When the continents were on the side of Earth facing into the Sun all the time, then life flourished in abundance as in the Cambrian.

By the time the Permian ended some 253 million years ago, then most of the continents in the supercontinent of Pangaea, were in the dark side of Earth, especially Australia and much of India.

Siberia where the deccan volcanics took place were still somewhat in the Sun side of Earth and so the life there was the last to die off in the Great Mass Extinction.

And all of that motion of Plate Tectonics is the reason for the Deccan volcanics.

In the Permian, Earth was much smaller than it is today, as well as the Sun was much smaller, and both were closer in Space than today's astronomy. For planets and stars grow from Dirac's new radioactivities, not from silly daft nebular-dust-clouds.

It is bad when NOVA caters to explaining geology in terms of warnings of global warming and greenhouse gases and CO2, bad bad science.

Most of the Permian extinction took place in the seas and oceans. And that is because seas and oceans on the permanent sunny side of Earth would have become water far too hot for life in the oceans.

Just imagine today if the Earth day were the same as the Earth year and the oceans on the side of Earth in constant hot sunshine, no darkness. Why yes, the water would be almost a hot tub.

Some plant life that was not completely in the permanent dark of Earth survived on land.

And this program mentions the idea that when life re-emerged in the Mesozoic-- the Age of Dinosaurs, that it rained and rained on the continents. Well the Pangaea land masses returned to the Sunshine side of Earth where rain could take place once again.

It is very sad and bad for NOVA to preach about geology through the lens of modern day global warming and CO2 gas. How about another klutz explaining the downfall of flat earth theory because of CO2 atmosphere or the rise of the quantum mechanics of
physics as due to CO2 gas rise. NOVA as of late, is explaining all of geology as some global warming CO2 mindless elixir.

When you have the key element of geological history-- the Earth faced the Sun on 1/2 of the planet permanently until 90-66 million years ago. Unless you have that fact in your geology understanding, then all your explanations of life on Earth or Earth
itself from 4.5 billion years ago up to 90 million years ago will be silly and stupid and mindless explanations.

AP, King of Science
AP's 272nd book of science-- Clarifying NOVA's program Ancient Earth Inferno "How did life bounce back after a cataclysmic extinction wiped out some 90% of all species"

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Now please correct me if wrong, but it is my distinct impression that every Geological Era ends in some type of a mass extinction from Cambrian onwards, and it just so happens that the Permian was the worst-- 90% of species in extinction.

Ediacaran 635 to 538 million years ago (mya)
Cambrian 538 to 485 mya
Ordovician 485 to 443 mya
Silurian 443 to 419 mya
Devonian 419 to 358 mya
Carboniferous 358 to 298 mya
Permian 298 to 251 mya
Triassic 251 to 201 mya
Jurassic 201 to 145 mya
Cretaceous 145 to 66 mya
Paleogene 66 to 23 mya
Neogene 23 to 2.6 mya
Quaternary 2.6 to 0 mya
(courtesy Wikipedia)

So here I have to comment, if true that each of those geological ages from Ediacaran to Paleogene is a time period that ends in some form of mass extinction of life species. The largest extinction is the end of the Permian. The Cretaceous extinction of
dinosaurs is also notable with its meteor bolide strike on Earth.

But what I wanted to point out in that list of Ediacaran to Cretaceous is a list of 9 periods of geological time and 9 mass extinctions. That 9 mass extinctions fits well into a pattern of what we can say is Continental Drift between 1/2 of Earth bathed
in all sunlight while the other 1/2 of Earth is in total permanent darkness. And that some extinctions were minor compared to the Permian. And in these minor extinctions we can say only a portion of the continents were on the dark side of Earth. While in
the Permian mass extinction of 90% species lost, virtually all of the continents were on the dark side of Earth leaving the Oceans on the all permanent sunshine of 1/2 of Earth facing into the Sun permanently where a day equals a year of revolution.
Leaving the oceans to almost a hot tub and where the Deccan volcanics is a symptom of Continental drift of the highly mobile plate tectonics.

Partial extinctions can be seen where partial continents of part of Africa and part of South America and part of Siberia, and part of Kazakstania, were in the dark 1/2 in Silurian and Devonian periods.

So the logical explanation of mass extinctions is given this General Overall Pattern of extinction-- a rythmic pattern as continents drift in and drift out of the permanent sun side or dark side of Earth.

AP

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On Thursday, October 26, 2023 at 4:14:40 PM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:

Ediacaran 635 to 538 million years ago (mya) duration 96 million years Cambrian 538 to 485 mya duration 53 million years
Ordovician 485 to 443 mya duration 42 million years
Silurian 443 to 419 mya duration 25 million years
Devonian 419 to 358 mya duration 60 million years
Carboniferous 358 to 298 mya duration 60 million years
Permian 298 to 251 mya duration 47 million years
Triassic 251 to 201 mya duration 51 million years
Jurassic 201 to 145 mya duration 56 million years
Cretaceous 145 to 66 mya duration 79 million years
Paleogene 66 to 23 mya duration 43 million years
Neogene 23 to 2.6 mya
Quaternary 2.6 to 0 mya
(courtesy Wikipedia)

So on average from Cambrian through Paleogene of 538 - 23 = 515 million years divided by 10 is 52 million years per period. And such regularity of time spans for biological mass extinctions begs the question of a mass extinctor of such regularity. Such
regular patterns cannot come from willy-nilly volcano eruptions or CO2 atmospheres or even bolides of the Cretaceous mass extinction. Such regularity must come from some regularity in geology itself-- such as 1/2 Earth in permanent darkness and the other
face of Earth in permanent sunshine all day and all year round. Meaning the Moon was not yet arrived until end of Cretaceous to cause a axis tilt and the 4 seasons and where the rotation is not the same as the revolution. But there needs to be another
factor-- Continental Drift where continents move into and move out of the all darkness or all sunshine side of Earth.

Here we need to explore also whether Continental Drift moves the Earth axis of rotation as the supercontinent forms or when the supercontinent breaks apart.

Regularity of mass extinctions defining periodic geological periods needs a regularity in geological processes in action-- Continental Drift coupled with 1/2 of Earth in permanent darkness, 1/2 in permanent sunshine.

AP

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Alright I had the good fortune of seeing this program again and can better spell out its flaws of logic, its moments of weakness in explanation. But then a week ago, I had not yet had the idea of a mobile Inner and Outer Cores of Earth.

The Permian Extinction was the worst and harshest mass extinction Earth ever faced destroying over 90% of all species.

The NOVA shows ends up blaming it upon the Siberian Decca lava flows. Saying it caused a Global Warming of Greenhouse Gases that baked the oceans and baked the land of its supercontinent.

The guests admit though that the math of CO2 cannot explain the extinction unless the lava underground is added. And which I say is fudge work to cover up that they have no valid explanation for the Permian Extinction by invoking CO2 as the culprit.

In fact, I say the entire 3 episodes of this NOVA geology is a pandering to CO2 as explanation for almost everything gone wrong in the past. Why, by gosh, the pandering is so bad for CO2 as the cause, why not say the cause of the Russian invasion of
Ukraine is CO2 and the Israel Palestine conflict is caused by CO2.

So what AP is going to argue for the Permian Extinction is very much different. Of course Earth was much smaller then and closer to the Sun which Sun was much smaller then.

I agree in supercontinent Pangaea and 1/2 of Earth had the supercontinent while the other 1/2 of Earth was all the oceans.

Now in AP's explanation the Moon would not arrive until late Mesozoic some 90 to 66 million years ago, not in the late Permian of 252-3 million years ago. And this means that Earth rotation is the same time period as Earth revolution. This means 1/2 of
Earth is facing the Sun constantly and the other side of Earth is in total darkness. The abundant life in the Oceans is periphery to the supercontinent land mass and on the fringes but on the darkside of Earth is little ocean life, or for any land caught
on the dark side. I estimate oceans were 70% and land 30% of surface of Earth.

Before the mass extinction, life on land was booming as well as booming in the oceans that surrounded Pangaea.

But now we start the Deccan volcanics in northern Pangaea, in Siberia. These volcanics are unlike any volcanics after the Permian. And the reason they are huge is because of some disturbance to the Inner and Outer Cores of Earth. The molten Outer Core is
causing the Deccan volcanics. And this Outer Core is moving along with the Inner Core, causing Polar Wandering. The entire axis of rotation of Earth wanders. Much like Uranus has a axis of rotation on its side. Earth is much like Uranus is today, in the
Permian, with one huge difference, Earth still has no Moon.

So that the 1/2 side of Earth that permanently faces the Sun is now the Oceans, and the permanently dark side of Earth is the supercontinent Pangaea. In the program they keep mentioning a figure of 300,000 years. And that fits nicely with the idea of a
axis of rotation of Earth rotating on its side. And a somewhat gradual movement of Pangaea into the dark side of Earth. While the Oceans were burning hot bathtubs. Life in oceans was hit worse than life on land in the Permian extinction.

The segment where a scientist discusses pollen grains of trees of the Permian, much like pine trees today, and noting that the pollen grains were abnormal with three or 4 surrounding tissue, saying that his studies show that UV radiation to pollen causes
that abnormality and the cause of tree forest extinctions is rather inclusive. For I could easily counter that argument with the research of trees exposed to increasing darkness and not enough light as the supercontinent went into the dark side of Earth.

Now the Permian extinction is the largest most devastating of all Earth extinctions that took place within 300,000 years. Too blame that on CO2 and other gas atmosphere is unreasonable and not logical. To blame the Extinction on Core movement that causes
Axis of Rotation movement and causes Deccan Plateau Volcanics, causing the Oceans into the permanent sunlight while the supercontinent Pangaea ending up in the permanent darkness half of Earth, is a finer, nicer, more comprehensive explanation.

However, I need to explain how the axis of rotation then gets to be 23 degrees which it is today, from its 90 degrees in late Permian. I explain that as a bolide strike on Earth that extincted the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

NOVA science should be ashamed of themselves for concocting a 3 episodes of geology using the theme that --- explain away all bad things as CO2 greenhouse gas buildup. It is true that we have a problem today with too much CO2 in the atmosphere, but it is
a sin of science to go back in time and blame almost everything on CO2.

AP, King of Science

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