Quoting Miami. Edu

5.4.1 Introduction
....

If sperm and egg cells were to divide and keep the same number of chromosomes that other cells do, then the resulting embryo would have twice the normal number of chromosomes. For example, if a human egg and sperm each contained 46 chromosomes, then the
resulting embryo would contain 92 chromosomes– a chromosome number not compatible with normal development or survival.

The process of meiosis involves two divisions of the genetic material. The first division is called the reduction division – or meiosis I – because it reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 chromosomes or 2n to 23 chromosomes or n (n describes a
single chromosome set). In humans, the reduction division results in two sperm cells each with 23 chromosomes or an egg cell with 23 chromosomes and one discarded polar body. The second division – or meiosis II – is called equational division. The
two sperm cells split again producing four sperm cells, each with 23 or n chromosomes. In oogenesis, the egg cell and polar body divide to form the ovum and two additional polar bodies. In this way, the offspring are assured to get one half of the
chromosomes from the mother and one half from the father.

—-end quoting—-

AP writes: why even bring up 92, when the last paragraph is AP’s account, only Miami Univ says the reduction to 23 occurs in meiosis I while AP thought the reduction occurs in meiosis II. And this is further reason to bring in physicists and chemists
with their proving instruments of crystallography and mass spectrograph.

So we get a sense and feeling that not a single biologist in the entire world, other than AP, has a logical mind. One book says meiosis goes from 46 to 92, another only uses 92 as a illustration that meiosis never goes to 92.

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Examining Genetic Analysis, 6th ed., 1996, Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki, Lewontin, Gelbart pages 58 through 63. This book should be nominated for alltime worst explanations of Meiosis.

Concepts of Biology, 1973, Buffaloe, Throneberry, pages 176-178, a better explanation than the Genetic Analysis, but still too many errors.

Definition: Skilled Biologist

A skilled biologist is one who taking chemistry and math in college saw himself making C and D grades and wisely decided to switch to biology. And some starting in physics and math and making D and F grade wisely switched to biology.

So when the Skilled biologists sits down to write about Meiosis process. They look at photographs such as Lilium regale as seen in Genetic Analysis page 60-61. And they count.

They know for humans have 46 chromosomes and have to become haploid down to 23 chromosomes. So in one of the pictures?? Leptotene?? Zygotene?? Pachytene?? is a garbled mess and so they double the number, if this were a human instead of Lilium, they would
count 92 chromosomes instead of 46.

And whenever a Skilled biologist sees a spindle, it is a no brainer, a spindle always means dividing by 2.

So the Skilled biologist divides by 2 into 92 and gets 46 for Meiosis One, and sees a spindle in Meiosis Two telling the Skilled biologist that the 46 was divided by 2 once again leaving him with 4 cells in the end each having 23 chromosomes.

But then the Skilled biologist gets a telephone call-- Ring,,,, ring a ding ding,,,,,,,

Hello.

Hi Skilled Biologist, did you hear that AP has written a book that says it is ridiculous for meiosis to go to 92 just to drop down to 23??

Oh me gosh, what I am to do????

Well, we can cover our tracks with Chromatids, there are 92 chromatids in 46 chromosomes, so if you are cornered by a student about how ridiculous it is to go from 46 to 92 to drop down to 23, just explain that you are talking about Chromatids. Thanks
buddy for the heads up tip.

AP

P.S. I am almost certain that biology Meiosis has to land into a Physics and or Chemistry laboratory where they can do true actual counting, and finally give a true actual science behind Meiosis and what goes on in meiosis. The biologists have had
Meiosis ever since 1950 onwards and have done nothing for the science except screw it up so badly that it is beyond commonsense and lies in insanity.

AP

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I do not know why Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki, Lewontin, Gelbart whenever they see a spindle they automatically think it is a division. It could be a rearrangement instead, and then why on Earth they believe Human chromosomes need to go to 92 before coming
down to 23 starting from 46.

Surely they could read Univ Miami clear and lucid account::

Quoting Miami. Edu

5.4.1 Introduction
....

If sperm and egg cells were to divide and keep the same number of chromosomes that other cells do, then the resulting embryo would have twice the normal number of chromosomes. For example, if a human egg and sperm each contained 46 chromosomes, then the
resulting embryo would contain 92 chromosomes– a chromosome number not compatible with normal development or survival.

The process of meiosis involves two divisions of the genetic material. The first division is called the reduction division – or meiosis I – because it reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 chromosomes or 2n to 23 chromosomes or n (n describes a
single chromosome set). In humans, the reduction division results in two sperm cells each with 23 chromosomes or an egg cell with 23 chromosomes and one discarded polar body. The second division – or meiosis II – is called equational division. The
two sperm cells split again producing four sperm cells, each with 23 or n chromosomes. In oogenesis, the egg cell and polar body divide to form the ovum and two additional polar bodies. In this way, the offspring are assured to get one half of the
chromosomes from the mother and one half from the father.

—-end quoting—-

AP writes: why even bring up 92, when the last paragraph is AP’s account, only Miami Univ says the reduction to 23 occurs in meiosis I while AP thought the reduction occurs in meiosis II. And this is further reason to bring in physicists and chemists
with their proving instruments of crystallography and mass spectrograph.

So we get a sense and feeling that not a single biologist in the entire world, other than AP, has a logical mind. One book says meiosis goes from 46 to 92, another only uses 92 as a illustration that meiosis never goes to 92.


Examining Genetic Analysis, 6th ed., 1996, Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki, Lewontin, Gelbart pages 58 through 63. This book should be nominated for alltime worst explanations of Meiosis.

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