• =?UTF-8?Q?Shorter=3A_From_Coulomb=E2=80=99s_force_to_magnetic_force?=

    From PengKuan Em@21:1/5 to All on Tue Sep 26 13:19:24 2023
    Abstract: The Lorentz force law is fundamental for electromagnetism. However, it is known long ago that the Lorentz forces between two current elements do not respect the Newton's third law. This seemingly harmless flaw had never been corrected. In
    physical sciences a discrepancy often hides in it new understanding or unexpected breakthrough. For solving this problem, we give a purely theoretical derivation of magnetic force which respects the Newton's third law in the case of current elements and
    is identical to the Lorentz force in the case of coils. This new law reveals how electric force is transformed into magnetic force by velocity and is supported by experimental evidences that we will explain and compute with the new law.

    1. Introduction
    The Figure 1 shows a case where dFa is perpendicular to dFb , so, dFa + dFb  0. This problem was known for longtime. People justify that the Lorentz forces that two closed loop currents act on each other do satisfy the Newton's third law. Nevertheless,
    breaking the Newton's third law does not fit scientific standard, even for the Lorentz forces law which is fundamental.

    We will try to solve this problem with a new magnetic force law that we have derived with pure theory. The new law is derived from the Coulomb’s law which defines the Coulomb’s force for fixed charges. For moving electrons, the Coulomb’s force
    undergoes relativistic effects and varies with velocity.

    2. Consequences
    • The relationmu0 eps0 c2 = 1
    Historically, the values of mu0, eps0 and the speed of light c were measured experimentally. It was James Clerk Maxwell who noticed that mu0eps0c2 = 1 . So, it was an empirical law. In our derivation this relation emerged naturally from both
    relativistic dynamic effect and changing distance effect. So, we have theoretically proven this relation and in consequence, the relation mu0eps0c2 = 1 is now a theoretical law.

    • Biot–Savart law
    The equation (58) is identical to the Biot–Savart law (59) but is derived with pure theory. So, the Biot–Savart law becomes a theoretical law too.

    • Lorentz force law
    (61) is the Lorentz force that one dIb exerts on dIa . So, we have derived the Lorentz force law from the Coulomb’s law.

    • Magnetic force vs. Newton's third law
    The sum of the magnetic force (49) and its back force is zero. So, the magnetic force law (49) satisfies the Newton's third law for current elements . Being an experimental law, the Lorentz force law does not describe a force that does not exist and thus,
    lacks this term. So, it cannot satisfy Newton's third law. Thanks to the fully theoretical derivation, the magnetic force law (49) contains the missing last term and consequently, satisfies Newton's third law.

    3. Experimental evidences
    • My experiments
    The first experiment is «Continuous rotation of a circular coil experiment» . The video of this experiment is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9162Qw-wNow . In this video we see a round coil that rotates in its plane. Because the coil is round the
    driving force must be parallel to the wire, that is, the driving force is parallel to the current. This force cannot be Lorentz force which is perpendicular to the current. A detailed technical explanation is in the paper «Showing tangential magnetic
    force by experiment» .

    I have also made a « Circular motor driven by tangential magnetic force » . The video of this experiment is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkGUaJqa6nU&list=UUuJXMstqPh8VY4UYqDgwcvQ . The technical details of this experiment is: « Detail of my
    circular motor using tangential force and the equivalence with homopolar motor » .

    • Experiment of wire fragmentation
    In 1961, Jan Nasilowski in Poland has carried out an experiment which consisted of passing a huge current in a thin wire. The wire exploded into small pieces. The interesting thing is that the wires were not melted but teared apart by mechanical force.

    4. Conclusion
    Because the new law gives the same prediction as the Lorentz force law for closed loop currents, it works for electromagnetism as the Lorentz force law. However, the component of magnetic force parallel to the current is new and shown to be rather
    significant. So, it could be used as the driving force for new devices.

    Since the Biot–Savart law, the Lorentz force law and the relation mu0 eps0 c2 = 1are derived with pure theory, the deep mechanism that transforms electric force into magnetic force is revealed to be the two relativistic effects, electromagnetism is
    much better understood.


    For more detail of this study please read the complete paper here:
    « From Coulomb’s force to magnetic force and experiments that show magnetic force parallel to current»
    https://www.academia.edu/106863205/From_Coulombs_force_to_magnetic_force_and_experiments_that_show_magnetic_force_parallel_to_current

    Kuan Peng

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  • From xray4abc@21:1/5 to PengKuan Em on Thu Nov 16 09:07:38 2023
    On Tuesday, September 26, 2023 at 4:19:26 PM UTC-4, PengKuan Em wrote:
    Abstract: The Lorentz force law is fundamental for electromagnetism. However, it is known long ago that the Lorentz forces between two current elements do not respect the Newton's third law. This seemingly harmless flaw had never been corrected. In
    physical sciences a discrepancy often hides in it new understanding or unexpected breakthrough. For solving this problem, we give a purely theoretical derivation of magnetic force which respects the Newton's third law in the case of current elements and
    is identical to the Lorentz force in the case of coils. This new law reveals how electric force is transformed into magnetic force by velocity and is supported by experimental evidences that we will explain and compute with the new law.

    1. Introduction
    The Figure 1 shows a case where dFa is perpendicular to dFb , so, dFa + dFb  0. This problem was known for longtime. People justify that the Lorentz forces that two closed loop currents act on each other do satisfy the Newton's third law.
    Nevertheless, breaking the Newton's third law does not fit scientific standard, even for the Lorentz forces law which is fundamental.

    We will try to solve this problem with a new magnetic force law that we have derived with pure theory. The new law is derived from the Coulomb’s law which defines the Coulomb’s force for fixed charges. For moving electrons, the Coulomb’s force
    undergoes relativistic effects and varies with velocity.

    2. Consequences
    • The relationmu0 eps0 c2 = 1
    Historically, the values of mu0, eps0 and the speed of light c were measured experimentally. It was James Clerk Maxwell who noticed that mu0eps0c2 = 1 . So, it was an empirical law. In our derivation this relation emerged naturally from both
    relativistic dynamic effect and changing distance effect. So, we have theoretically proven this relation and in consequence, the relation mu0eps0c2 = 1 is now a theoretical law.

    • Biot–Savart law
    The equation (58) is identical to the Biot–Savart law (59) but is derived with pure theory. So, the Biot–Savart law becomes a theoretical law too.

    • Lorentz force law
    (61) is the Lorentz force that one dIb exerts on dIa . So, we have derived the Lorentz force law from the Coulomb’s law.

    • Magnetic force vs. Newton's third law
    The sum of the magnetic force (49) and its back force is zero. So, the magnetic force law (49) satisfies the Newton's third law for current elements . Being an experimental law, the Lorentz force law does not describe a force that does not exist and
    thus, lacks this term. So, it cannot satisfy Newton's third law. Thanks to the fully theoretical derivation, the magnetic force law (49) contains the missing last term and consequently, satisfies Newton's third law.

    3. Experimental evidences
    • My experiments
    The first experiment is «Continuous rotation of a circular coil experiment» . The video of this experiment is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9162Qw-wNow . In this video we see a round coil that rotates in its plane. Because the coil is round the
    driving force must be parallel to the wire, that is, the driving force is parallel to the current. This force cannot be Lorentz force which is perpendicular to the current. A detailed technical explanation is in the paper «Showing tangential magnetic
    force by experiment» .

    I have also made a « Circular motor driven by tangential magnetic force » . The video of this experiment is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkGUaJqa6nU&list=UUuJXMstqPh8VY4UYqDgwcvQ . The technical details of this experiment is: « Detail of my
    circular motor using tangential force and the equivalence with homopolar motor » .

    • Experiment of wire fragmentation
    In 1961, Jan Nasilowski in Poland has carried out an experiment which consisted of passing a huge current in a thin wire. The wire exploded into small pieces. The interesting thing is that the wires were not melted but teared apart by mechanical force.

    4. Conclusion
    Because the new law gives the same prediction as the Lorentz force law for closed loop currents, it works for electromagnetism as the Lorentz force law. However, the component of magnetic force parallel to the current is new and shown to be rather
    significant. So, it could be used as the driving force for new devices.

    Since the Biot–Savart law, the Lorentz force law and the relation mu0 eps0 c2 = 1are derived with pure theory, the deep mechanism that transforms electric force into magnetic force is revealed to be the two relativistic effects, electromagnetism is
    much better understood.


    For more detail of this study please read the complete paper here:
    « From Coulomb’s force to magnetic force and experiments that show magnetic force parallel to current»
    https://www.academia.edu/106863205/From_Coulombs_force_to_magnetic_force_and_experiments_that_show_magnetic_force_parallel_to_current

    Kuan Peng
    HI!
    I watched, a while ago, some of your experiments! :)
    They were OK, for amateurish experiments we can mostly do ..in our home/domestic "laboratories". :)
    I got some ideas..of experiments that I kind of never have seen done, at least not on youtube.com.
    These...are supposed to clarify some basic aspects of the theory of electricity and magnetism.
    Some of the ideas are taken from the works of a great American scientist ..Oleg D. Jefimenko....while other ones
    are my own conceptions!
    Are you interested in a collaboration? IF you do...please let me know .
    Best regards, LL

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  • From PengKuan Em@21:1/5 to All on Fri Nov 17 07:15:46 2023
    Le jeudi 16 novembre 2023 à 18:07:40 UTC+1, xray4abc a écrit :
    On Tuesday, September 26, 2023 at 4:19:26 PM UTC-4, PengKuan Em wrote:
    Abstract: The Lorentz force law is fundamental for electromagnetism. However, it is known long ago that the Lorentz forces between two current elements do not respect the Newton's third law. This seemingly harmless flaw had never been corrected. In
    physical sciences a discrepancy often hides in it new understanding or unexpected breakthrough. For solving this problem, we give a purely theoretical derivation of magnetic force which respects the Newton's third law in the case of current elements and
    is identical to the Lorentz force in the case of coils. This new law reveals how electric force is transformed into magnetic force by velocity and is supported by experimental evidences that we will explain and compute with the new law.

    1. Introduction
    The Figure 1 shows a case where dFa is perpendicular to dFb , so, dFa + dFb  0. This problem was known for longtime. People justify that the Lorentz forces that two closed loop currents act on each other do satisfy the Newton's third law.
    Nevertheless, breaking the Newton's third law does not fit scientific standard, even for the Lorentz forces law which is fundamental.

    We will try to solve this problem with a new magnetic force law that we have derived with pure theory. The new law is derived from the Coulomb’s law which defines the Coulomb’s force for fixed charges. For moving electrons, the Coulomb’s force
    undergoes relativistic effects and varies with velocity.

    2. Consequences
    • The relationmu0 eps0 c2 = 1
    Historically, the values of mu0, eps0 and the speed of light c were measured experimentally. It was James Clerk Maxwell who noticed that mu0eps0c2 = 1 . So, it was an empirical law. In our derivation this relation emerged naturally from both
    relativistic dynamic effect and changing distance effect. So, we have theoretically proven this relation and in consequence, the relation mu0eps0c2 = 1 is now a theoretical law.

    • Biot–Savart law
    The equation (58) is identical to the Biot–Savart law (59) but is derived with pure theory. So, the Biot–Savart law becomes a theoretical law too.

    • Lorentz force law
    (61) is the Lorentz force that one dIb exerts on dIa . So, we have derived the Lorentz force law from the Coulomb’s law.

    • Magnetic force vs. Newton's third law
    The sum of the magnetic force (49) and its back force is zero. So, the magnetic force law (49) satisfies the Newton's third law for current elements . Being an experimental law, the Lorentz force law does not describe a force that does not exist and
    thus, lacks this term. So, it cannot satisfy Newton's third law. Thanks to the fully theoretical derivation, the magnetic force law (49) contains the missing last term and consequently, satisfies Newton's third law.

    3. Experimental evidences
    • My experiments
    The first experiment is «Continuous rotation of a circular coil experiment» . The video of this experiment is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9162Qw-wNow . In this video we see a round coil that rotates in its plane. Because the coil is round the
    driving force must be parallel to the wire, that is, the driving force is parallel to the current. This force cannot be Lorentz force which is perpendicular to the current. A detailed technical explanation is in the paper «Showing tangential magnetic
    force by experiment» .

    I have also made a « Circular motor driven by tangential magnetic force » . The video of this experiment is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkGUaJqa6nU&list=UUuJXMstqPh8VY4UYqDgwcvQ . The technical details of this experiment is: « Detail of my
    circular motor using tangential force and the equivalence with homopolar motor » .

    • Experiment of wire fragmentation
    In 1961, Jan Nasilowski in Poland has carried out an experiment which consisted of passing a huge current in a thin wire. The wire exploded into small pieces. The interesting thing is that the wires were not melted but teared apart by mechanical
    force.

    4. Conclusion
    Because the new law gives the same prediction as the Lorentz force law for closed loop currents, it works for electromagnetism as the Lorentz force law. However, the component of magnetic force parallel to the current is new and shown to be rather
    significant. So, it could be used as the driving force for new devices.

    Since the Biot–Savart law, the Lorentz force law and the relation mu0 eps0 c2 = 1are derived with pure theory, the deep mechanism that transforms electric force into magnetic force is revealed to be the two relativistic effects, electromagnetism is
    much better understood.


    For more detail of this study please read the complete paper here:
    « From Coulomb’s force to magnetic force and experiments that show magnetic force parallel to current»
    https://www.academia.edu/106863205/From_Coulombs_force_to_magnetic_force_and_experiments_that_show_magnetic_force_parallel_to_current

    Kuan Peng
    HI!
    I watched, a while ago, some of your experiments! :)
    They were OK, for amateurish experiments we can mostly do ..in our home/domestic "laboratories". :)
    I got some ideas..of experiments that I kind of never have seen done, at least not on youtube.com.
    These...are supposed to clarify some basic aspects of the theory of electricity and magnetism.
    Some of the ideas are taken from the works of a great American scientist ..Oleg D. Jefimenko....while other ones
    are my own conceptions!
    Are you interested in a collaboration? IF you do...please let me know .
    Best regards, LL
    Of course I do. Let's discuss what we can do.

    PK

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