Clinical insights into the human microbiome
Guest editor: Dr Omry Koren
The human microbiome is responsible for a host of functions that influence the body in both health and disease. Its roles are being thoroughly explored in several fields of research, highlighting the strong interdependence between the microbiota and
humans. There is growing consensus that the microbiome is a major player in the immune system, and also determines the control of the body at multiple levels. A number of diseases and immune reactions are now believed to be closely linked to how the
microbial balance changes throughout a person’s life.
In this article collection we explore the most recent and exciting findings on how the microbiome shapes our body responses and affects treatment.
Examples of featured topics include the gut brain axis, the role of microbiome in treatment outcomes, immune response and microbiome diversity and the effect of antibiotics in children.
If you have any presubmission queries about this article collection, please email us at
bmcmedicin...@biomedcentral.com
REVIEW
Infant fungal communities: current knowledge and research opportunities
The microbes colonizing the infant gastrointestinal tract have been implicated in later-life disease states such as allergies and obesity. Recently, the medical research community has begun to realize that ver...
Tonya L. Ward, Dan Knights and Cheryl A. Gale
BMC Medicine 2017 15:30
Published on: 13 February 2017
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COMMENTARY
Ethical issues in microbiome research and medicine
The human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live on and in the human organism’s skin, mucosa, and intestinal tract. Re-examining commonly accepted ethical standards from the per...
Rosamond Rhodes
BMC Medicine 2016 14:156
Published on: 12 October 2016
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Long-term effects on luminal and mucosal microbiota and commonly acquired taxa in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI). It restores the disrupted intestinal microbiota and subsequently suppresses C. difficile. Th...
Jonna Jalanka, Eero Mattila, Hanne Jouhten, Jorn Hartman, Willem M. de Vos, Perttu Arkkila and Reetta Satokari
BMC Medicine 2016 14:155
Published on: 11 October 2016
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Oral, frozen fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) capsules for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be safe and effective in treating refractory or relapsing C. difficile infection (CDI), but its use has been limited by practical barriers. We recently rep...
Ilan Youngster, Jasmin Mahabamunuge, Hannah K. Systrom, Jenny Sauk, Hamed Khalili, Joanne Levin, Jess L. Kaplan and Elizabeth L. Hohmann
BMC Medicine 2016 14:134
Published on: 9 September 2016
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OPINION
Antibiotic use during pregnancy: how bad is it?
Our microbial companions (the “microbiota”) are extremely important for the preservation of human health. Although changes in bacterial communities (dysbiosis) are commonly associated with disease, such change...
Amir A. Kuperman and Omry Koren
BMC Medicine 2016 14:91
Published on: 17 June 2016
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MINIREVIEW
The gut microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus infection
HIV/AIDS causes severe dysfunction of the immune system through CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to dysregulation of both the adaptive and innate immune arms. A primary target for viral infection is the gastroin...
Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Niv Zmora, Shlomik Itav, Stavros Bashiardes, Hila Elinav and Eran Elinav
BMC Medicine 2016 14:83
Published on: 3 June 2016
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COMMENTARY
Probiotics and microbiota composition
Accumulated evidence, corroborated by a new systematic review by Kristensen et al. (Genome Med 8:52, 2016), suggests that probiotics do not significantly impact the fecal microbiota composition of healthy subj...
Mary Ellen Sanders
BMC Medicine 2016 14:82
Published on: 2 June 2016
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OPINION
Mirror, mirror on the wall: which microbiomes will help heal them all? Clinicians have known for centuries that there is substantial variability between patients in their response to medications—some individuals exhibit a miraculous recovery while others fail to respond at all. S...
Renuka R. Nayak and Peter J. Turnbaugh
BMC Medicine 2016 14:72
Published on: 4 May 2016
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OPINION
Antibiotics, obesity and the link to microbes - what are we doing to our children?
Childhood obesity and overweight are among the greatest health challenges in the pediatric population. Obese individuals exhibit marked differences in the composition of the intestinal microbial community as c...
Olli Turta and Samuli Rautava
BMC Medicine 2016 14:57
Published on: 19 April 2016
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OPINION
Moody microbes or fecal phrenology: what do we know about the microbiota-gut-brain axis?
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a term that is commonly used and covers a broad set of functions and interactions between the gut microbiome, endocrine, immune and nervous systems and the brain. The field is ...
Paul Forsythe, Wolfgang Kunze and John Bienenstock
BMC Medicine 2016 14:58
Published on: 19 April 2016
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COMMENTARY
Policing of gut microbiota by the adaptive immune system
The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse microbial community that inhabits the intestine, containing about 100 trillion bacteria of 500-1000 distinct species that, collectively, provide benefits to the...
Laurent Dollé, Hao Q. Tran, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin and Benoit Chassaing
BMC Medicine 2016 14:27
Published on: 12 February 2016
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