• Clinical insights into the human microbiome

    From =?UTF-8?B?4oqZ77y/4oqZ?=@21:1/5 to All on Sat Mar 18 19:43:14 2017
    Clinical insights into the human microbiome

    Guest editor: Dr Omry Koren



    The human microbiome is responsible for a host of functions that influence the body in both health and disease. Its roles are being thoroughly explored in several fields of research, highlighting the strong interdependence between the microbiota and
    humans. There is growing consensus that the microbiome is a major player in the immune system, and also determines the control of the body at multiple levels. A number of diseases and immune reactions are now believed to be closely linked to how the
    microbial balance changes throughout a person’s life.

    In this article collection we explore the most recent and exciting findings on how the microbiome shapes our body responses and affects treatment.

    Examples of featured topics include the gut brain axis, the role of microbiome in treatment outcomes, immune response and microbiome diversity and the effect of antibiotics in children.

    If you have any presubmission queries about this article collection, please email us at bmcmedicin...@biomedcentral.com

    REVIEW
    Infant fungal communities: current knowledge and research opportunities
    The microbes colonizing the infant gastrointestinal tract have been implicated in later-life disease states such as allergies and obesity. Recently, the medical research community has begun to realize that ver...
    Tonya L. Ward, Dan Knights and Cheryl A. Gale
    BMC Medicine 2017 15:30
    Published on: 13 February 2017
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    COMMENTARY
    Ethical issues in microbiome research and medicine
    The human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live on and in the human organism’s skin, mucosa, and intestinal tract. Re-examining commonly accepted ethical standards from the per...
    Rosamond Rhodes
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:156
    Published on: 12 October 2016
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    RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Long-term effects on luminal and mucosal microbiota and commonly acquired taxa in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
    Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI). It restores the disrupted intestinal microbiota and subsequently suppresses C. difficile. Th...
    Jonna Jalanka, Eero Mattila, Hanne Jouhten, Jorn Hartman, Willem M. de Vos, Perttu Arkkila and Reetta Satokari
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:155
    Published on: 11 October 2016
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    RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Oral, frozen fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) capsules for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
    Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be safe and effective in treating refractory or relapsing C. difficile infection (CDI), but its use has been limited by practical barriers. We recently rep...
    Ilan Youngster, Jasmin Mahabamunuge, Hannah K. Systrom, Jenny Sauk, Hamed Khalili, Joanne Levin, Jess L. Kaplan and Elizabeth L. Hohmann
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:134
    Published on: 9 September 2016
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    OPINION
    Antibiotic use during pregnancy: how bad is it?
    Our microbial companions (the “microbiota”) are extremely important for the preservation of human health. Although changes in bacterial communities (dysbiosis) are commonly associated with disease, such change...
    Amir A. Kuperman and Omry Koren
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:91
    Published on: 17 June 2016
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    MINIREVIEW
    The gut microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus infection
    HIV/AIDS causes severe dysfunction of the immune system through CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to dysregulation of both the adaptive and innate immune arms. A primary target for viral infection is the gastroin...
    Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Niv Zmora, Shlomik Itav, Stavros Bashiardes, Hila Elinav and Eran Elinav
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:83
    Published on: 3 June 2016
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    COMMENTARY
    Probiotics and microbiota composition
    Accumulated evidence, corroborated by a new systematic review by Kristensen et al. (Genome Med 8:52, 2016), suggests that probiotics do not significantly impact the fecal microbiota composition of healthy subj...
    Mary Ellen Sanders
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:82
    Published on: 2 June 2016
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    OPINION
    Mirror, mirror on the wall: which microbiomes will help heal them all? Clinicians have known for centuries that there is substantial variability between patients in their response to medications—some individuals exhibit a miraculous recovery while others fail to respond at all. S...
    Renuka R. Nayak and Peter J. Turnbaugh
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:72
    Published on: 4 May 2016
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    OPINION
    Antibiotics, obesity and the link to microbes - what are we doing to our children?
    Childhood obesity and overweight are among the greatest health challenges in the pediatric population. Obese individuals exhibit marked differences in the composition of the intestinal microbial community as c...
    Olli Turta and Samuli Rautava
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:57
    Published on: 19 April 2016
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    OPINION
    Moody microbes or fecal phrenology: what do we know about the microbiota-gut-brain axis?
    The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a term that is commonly used and covers a broad set of functions and interactions between the gut microbiome, endocrine, immune and nervous systems and the brain. The field is ...
    Paul Forsythe, Wolfgang Kunze and John Bienenstock
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:58
    Published on: 19 April 2016
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    COMMENTARY
    Policing of gut microbiota by the adaptive immune system
    The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse microbial community that inhabits the intestine, containing about 100 trillion bacteria of 500-1000 distinct species that, collectively, provide benefits to the...
    Laurent Dollé, Hao Q. Tran, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin and Benoit Chassaing
    BMC Medicine 2016 14:27
    Published on: 12 February 2016
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