[continued from previous message]

muscarinic receptors in human bladder disorders and their clinical correlations. J Urol. 2006 Jul.
176(1):367­73. [Medline].
19. Nazif O, Teichman JM, Gebhart GF. Neural upregulation in interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2007 Apr.
69(4 Suppl):24­33. [Medline].
20. Twiss C, Kilpatrick L, Craske M, Buffington CA, Ornitz E, Rodríguez LV. Increased startle responses
in interstitial cystitis: evidence for central hyperresponsiveness to visceral related threat. J Urol.
2009 May. 181(5):2127­33. [Medline].
21. Peeker R, Fall M. Toward a precise definition of interstitial cystitis: further evidence of differences in
classic and nonulcer disease. J Urol. 2002 Jun. 167(6):2470­2. [Medline]. 4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 11/18
22. Peters KM, Jaeger C, Killinger KA, Rosenberg B, Boura JA. Cystectomy for ulcerative interstitial
cystitis: sequelae and patients' perceptions of improvement. Urology. 2013 Oct. 82(4):829­33.
[Medline].
23. Rofeim O, Hom D, Freid RM, Moldwin RM. Use of the neodymium: YAG laser for interstitial cystitis:
a prospective study. J Urol. 2001 Jul. 166(1):134­6. [Medline].
24. Peeker R, Aldenborg F, Fall M. The treatment of interstitial cystitis with supratrigonal cystectomy
and ileocystoplasty: difference in outcome between classic and nonulcer disease. J Urol. 1998
May. 159(5):1479­82. [Medline].
25. Hillelsohn JH, Rais­Bahrami S, Friedlander JI, Okhunov Z, Kashan M, Rosen L. Fulguration for
Hunner ulcers: long­term clinical outcomes. J Urol. 2012 Dec. 188(6):2238­41. [Medline].
26. Fall M, Oberpenning F, Peeker R. Treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis 2008: can
we make evidence­based decisions?. Eur Urol. 2008 Jul. 54(1):65­75. [Medline].
27. Shie JH, Liu HT, Kuo HC. Increased cell apoptosis of urothelium mediated by inflammation in
interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology. 2012 Feb. 79(2):484.e7­484.e13. [Medline].
28. Nickel JC, Tripp DA, Pontari M, et al. Childhood sexual trauma in women with interstitial
cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a case control study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011 Dec. 5(6):410­5.
[Medline]. [Full Text].
29. Parsons CL, Boychuk D, Jones S, et al. Bladder surface glycosaminoglycans: an epithelial
permeability barrier. J Urol. 1990 Jan. 143(1):139­42. [Medline].
30. Warren JW, Keay SK, Meyers D, Xu J. Concordance of interstitial cystitis in monozygotic and
dizygotic twin pairs. Urology. 2001 Jun. 57(6 Suppl 1):22­5. [Medline].
31. Lorenzo Gómez MF, Gómez Castro S. [Physiopathologic relationship between interstitial cystitis
and rheumatic, autoimmune, and chronic inflammatory diseases]. Arch Esp Urol. 2004 Jan­Feb.
57(1):25­34. [Medline].
32. Elliott CS, Payne CK. Interstitial cystitis and the overlap with overactive bladder. Curr Urol Rep.
2012 Oct. 13(5):319­26. [Medline].
33. Konkle KS, Berry SH, Elliott MN, Hilton L, Suttorp MJ, Clauw DJ, et al. Comparison of an interstitial
cystitis/bladder pain syndrome clinical cohort with symptomatic community women from the RAND
Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology study. J Urol. 2012 Feb. 187(2):508­12. [Medline]. [Full Text].
34. Berry SH, Elliott MN, Suttorp M, Bogart LM, Stoto MA, Eggers P. Prevalence of symptoms of
bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis among adult females in the United States. J Urol. 2011
Aug. 186(2):540­4. [Medline].
35. Lifford KL, Curhan GC. Prevalence of painful bladder syndrome in older women. Urology. 2009
Mar. 73(3):494­8. [Medline].
36. Berry SH, Bogart LM, Pham C, Liu K, Nyberg L, Stoto M. Development, validation and testing of an
epidemiological case definition of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Urol. 2010 May.
183(5):1848­52. [Medline].
4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 12/18
37. Suskind AM, Berry SH, Ewing BA, Elliott MN, Suttorp MJ, Clemens JQ. The prevalence and overlap
of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in
men: results of the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology male study. J Urol. 2013 Jan.
189(1):141­5. [Medline].
38. Close CE, Carr MC, Burns MW, Miller JL, Bavendam TG, Mayo ME, et al. Interstitial cystitis in
children. J Urol. 1996 Aug. 156(2 Pt 2):860­2. [Medline].
39. Konkle KS, Berry SH, Elliott MN, et al. Comparison of an interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
clinical cohort with symptomatic community women from the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology
Study. J Urol. 2012 Feb. 187(2):508­12. [Medline].
40. Bogart LM, Suttorp MJ, Elliott MN, et al. Validation of a quality­of­life scale for women with bladder
pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec 7. [Medline].
41. Bogart LM, Suttorp MJ, Elliott MN, Clemens JQ, Berry SH. Validation of a quality­of­life scale for
women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Qual Life Res. 2012 Nov. 21(9):1665­70.
[Medline].
42. Quillin RB, Erickson DR. Management of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a urology
perspective. Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Aug. 39(3):389­96. [Medline].
43. Troxel WM, Booth M, Buysse DJ, Elliott MN, Suskind AM, Clemens JQ, et al. Sleep disturbances
and nocturnal symptoms: relationships with quality of life in a population­based sample of women
with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Dec 15. 10 (12):1331­7.
[Medline].
44. Keller ML, McCarthy DO, Neider RS. Measurement of symptoms of interstitial cystitis. A pilot study.
Urol Clin North Am. 1994 Feb. 21(1):67­71. [Medline].
45. Goin JE, Olaleye D, Peters KM, Steinert B, Habicht K, Wynant G. Psychometric analysis of the
University of Wisconsin Interstitial Cystitis Scale: implications for use in randomized clinical trials. J
Urol. 1998 Mar. 159(3):1085­90. [Medline].
46. Sirinian E, Azevedo K, Payne CK. Correlation between 2 interstitial cystitis symptom instruments. J
Urol. 2005 Mar. 173(3):835­40. [Medline].
47. O'Leary MP, Sant GR, Fowler FJ Jr, Whitmore KE, Spolarich­Kroll J. The interstitial cystitis
symptom index and problem index. Urology. 1997 May. 49(5A Suppl):58­63. [Medline].
48. Lubeck DP, Whitmore K, Sant GR, Alvarez­Horine S, Lai C. Psychometric validation of the O'LearySant
interstitial cystitis symptom index in a clinical trial of pentosan polysulfate sodium. Urology.
2001 Jun. 57(6 Suppl 1):62­6. [Medline].
49. Gish BA. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: symptoms, screening and treatment. Nurs
Womens Health. 2011 Dec. 15(6):496­507. [Medline].
50. Hanno PM, Landis JR, Matthews­Cook Y, Kusek J, Nyberg L Jr. The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis
revisited: lessons learned from the National Institutes of Health Interstitial Cystitis Database study. J
Urol. 1999 Feb. 161(2):553­7. [Medline].
4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 13/18
51. Ackerman AL, Lee UJ, Jellison FC, Tan N, Patel M, Raman SS, et al. MRI suggests increased
tonicity of the levator ani in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Int Urogynecol J.
2016 Jan. 27 (1):77­83. [Medline].
52. Ueda T, Nakagawa M, Okamura M, Tanoue H, Yoshida H, Yoshimura N. New cystoscopic diagnosis
for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome using narrow­band imaging system. Int J Urol. 2008
Dec. 15(12):1039­43. [Medline].
53. Wennevik GE, Meijlink JM, Hanno P, Nordling J. The Role of Glomerulations in Bladder Pain
Syndrome: A Review. J Urol. 2016 Jan. 195 (1):19­25. [Medline].
54. Aihara K, Hirayama A, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K, Yoshida K, Hirao Y. Hydrodistension under local
anesthesia for patients with suspected painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: safety,
diagnostic potential and therapeutic efficacy. Int J Urol. 2009 Dec. 16(12):947­52. [Medline].
55. Lee JD, Lee MH. Activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway from bladder biopsy in patients with
interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology. 2013 Dec. 82(6):1451.e7­1451.e11.
[Medline].
56. Clemens JQ, Calhoun EA, Litwin MS, Walker­Corkery E, Markossian T, Kusek JW, et al. A survey
of primary care physician practices in the diagnosis and management of women with interstitial
cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology. 2010 Aug. 76(2):323­8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
57. FitzGerald MP, Payne CK, Lukacz ES, Yang CC, Peters KM, Chai TC. Randomized multicenter
clinical trial of myofascial physical therapy in women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder
syndrome and pelvic floor tenderness. J Urol. 2012 Jun. 187(6):2113­8. [Medline].
58. Groutz A, Blaivas JG, Chaikin DC, Resnick NM, Engleman K, Anzalone D, et al. Noninvasive
outcome measures of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms: a multicenter study of
micturition diary and pad tests. J Urol. 2000 Sep. 164(3 Pt 1):698­701. [Medline].
59. Gordon B, Shorter B, Sarcona A, Moldwin RM. Nutritional considerations for patients with interstitial
cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Sep. 115 (9):1372­9. [Medline].
60. Shorter B, Lesser M, Moldwin RM, Kushner L. Effect of comestibles on symptoms of interstitial
cystitis. J Urol. 2007 Jul. 178(1):145­52. [Medline].
61. Bassaly R, Downes K, Hart S. Dietary consumption triggers in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain
syndrome patients. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jan. 17(1):36­9. [Medline].
62. Friedlander JI, Shorter B, Moldwin RM. Diet and its role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
(IC/BPS) and comorbid conditions. BJU Int. 2012 Jun. 109(11):1584­91. [Medline].
63. Sant GR, Propert KJ, Hanno PM, et al. A pilot clinical trial of oral pentosan polysulfate and oral
hydroxyzine in patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2003 Sep. 170(3):810­5. [Medline].
64. van Ophoven A, Pokupic S, Heinecke A, Hertle L. A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled,
double­blind study of amitriptyline for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2004 Aug.
172(2):533­6. [Medline].
65. Foster HE Jr, Hanno PM, Nickel JC, Payne CK, Mayer RD, Burks DA, et al. Effect of amitriptyline
on symptoms in treatment naïve patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Urol.
4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 14/18
2010 May. 183(5):1853­8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
66. Sairanen J, Tammela TL, Leppilahti M, et al. Cyclosporine A and pentosan polysulfate sodium for
the treatment of interstitial cystitis: a randomized comparative study. J Urol. 2005 Dec.
174(6):2235­8. [Medline].
67. Forrest JB, Payne CK, Erickson DR. Cyclosporine A for refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain
syndrome: experience of 3 tertiary centers. J Urol. 2012 Oct. 188(4):1186­91. [Medline].
68. Yang CC, Burks DA, Propert KJ, Mayer RD, Peters KM, Nickel JC. Early termination of a trial of
mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: lessons learned.
J Urol. 2011 Mar. 185(3):901­6. [Medline].
69. Evans RJ, Moldwin RM, Cossons N, Darekar A, Mills IW, Scholfield D. Proof of concept trial of
tanezumab for the treatment of symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2011 May.
185(5):1716­21. [Medline].
70. Lai HH, Gardner V, Ness TJ, Gereau RW 4th. Segmental Hyperalgesia to Mechanical Stimulus in
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome ­ Evidence of Central Sensitization. J Urol. 2013 Dec 5.
[Medline].
71. Charrua A, Pinto R, Taylor A, Canelas A, Ribeiro­da­Silva A, Cruz CD, et al. Can the adrenergic
system be implicated in the pathophysiology of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis? A clinical
and experimental study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013 Dec 24. [Medline].
72. Payne CK, Mosbaugh PG, Forrest JB, et al. Intravesical resiniferatoxin for the treatment of
interstitial cystitis: a randomized, double­blind, placebo controlled trial. J Urol. 2005 May.
173(5):1590­4. [Medline].
73. Guo C, Yang B, Gu W, Peng B, Xia S, Yang F. Intravesical resiniferatoxin for the treatment of
storage lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with either interstitial cystitis or detrusor
overactivity: a meta­analysis. PLoS One. 2013. 8(12):e82591. [Medline].
74. Colaco MA, Evans RJ. Current recommendations for bladder instillation therapy in the treatment of
interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Curr Urol Rep. 2013 Oct. 14(5):442­7. [Medline].
75. Riedl CR, Engelhardt PF, Daha KL, Morakis N, Pflüger H. Hyaluronan treatment of interstitial
cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008 May. 19(5):717­21.
[Medline].
76. Chintea CL, Belal M. Is there enough evidence for the use of intravesical instillations of
glycosaminoglycan analogues in interstitial cystitis?. BJU Int. 2013 Feb. 111(2):192­3. [Medline].
77. Shao Y, Shen ZJ, Rui WB, Zhou WL. Intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid prolonged the effect of
bladder hydrodistention in patients with severe interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2010 Mar. 75(3):547­50.
[Medline].
78. Cervigni M, Natale F, Nasta L, Mako A. Intravesical hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate for
bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: long­term treatment results. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Sep.
23(9):1187­92. [Medline].
79. Nickel JC, Hanno P, Kumar K, Thomas H. Second multicenter, randomized, double­blind, parallelgroup
evaluation of effectiveness and safety of intravesical sodium chondroitin sulfate compared
4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 15/18
with inactive vehicle control in subjects with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Urology.
2012 Jun. 79(6):1220­4. [Medline].
80. Mayer R, Propert KJ, Peters KM, et al. A randomized controlled trial of intravesical bacillus
Calmette­Guerin for treatment refractory interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2005 Apr. 173(4):1186­91.
[Medline].
81. Reimer K, Fleischer W, Brögmann B, Schreier H, Burkhard P, Lanzendörfer A, et al. Povidoneiodine
liposomes­­an overview. Dermatology. 1997. 195 Suppl 2:93­9. [Medline].
82. Fraser MO, Chuang YC, Tyagi P, Yokoyama T, Yoshimura N, Huang L. Intravesical liposome
administration­­a novel treatment for hyperactive bladder in the rat. Urology. 2003 Mar. 61(3):656­
63. [Medline].
83. Chuang YC, Lee WC, Lee WC, Chiang PH. Intravesical liposome versus oral pentosan polysulfate
for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Urol. 2009 Oct. 182(4):1393­400. [Medline].
84. Tanaka T, Nitta Y, Morimoto K, Nishikawa N, Nishihara C, Tamada S, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen
therapy for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis resistant to conventional treatments: longterm
results of a case series in Japan. BMC Urol. 2011 May 24. 11:11. [Medline]. [Full Text].
85. Gallego­Vilar D, García­Fadrique G, Povo­Martin I, Salvador­Marin M, Gallego­Gomez J.
Maintenance of the response to dimethyl sulfoxide treatment using hyperbaric oxygen in interstitial
cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: a prospective, randomized, comparative study. Urol Int. 2013.
90(4):411­6. [Medline].
86. Evans RJ. Sacral neuromodulation is an effective treatment for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain
syndrome: con. J Urol. 2012 Dec. 188(6):2044­5. [Medline].
87. Marcelissen T, Jacobs R, van Kerrebroeck P, de Wachter S. Sacral neuromodulation as a treatment
for chronic pelvic pain. J Urol. 2011 Aug. 186(2):387­93. [Medline].
88. Gajewski JB, Al­Zahrani AA. The long­term efficacy of sacral neuromodulation in the management
of intractable cases of bladder pain syndrome: 14 years of experience in one centre. BJU Int. 2011
Apr. 107(8):1258­64. [Medline].
89. Chai TC, Zhang C, Warren JW, Keay S. Percutaneous sacral third nerve root neurostimulation
improves symptoms and normalizes urinary HB­EGF levels and antiproliferative activity in patients
with interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2000 May. 55(5):643­6. [Medline].
90. Comiter CV. Sacral neuromodulation for the symptomatic treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis:
a prospective study. J Urol. 2003 Apr. 169(4):1369­73. [Medline].
91. Peters KM, Konstandt D. Sacral neuromodulation decreases narcotic requirements in refractory
interstitial cystitis. BJU Int. 2004 Apr. 93(6):777­9. [Medline].
92. Rajkumar GN, Conn IG. Botulinum toxin: a new dimension in the treatment of lower urinary tract
dysfunction. Urology. 2004 Jul. 64(1):2­8. [Medline].
93. Flynn MK, Webster GD, Amundsen CL. The effect of botulinum­A toxin on patients with severe urge
urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2004 Dec. 172(6 Pt 1):2316­20. [Medline]. 4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 16/18
94. Rapp DE, Lucioni A, Katz EE, et al. Use of botulinum­A toxin for the treatment of refractory
overactive bladder symptoms: an initial experience. Urology. 2004 Jun. 63(6):1071­5. [Medline].
95. Kuo HC, Jiang YH, Tsai YC, Kuo YC. Intravesical botulinum toxin­A injections reduce bladder pain
of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome refractory to conventional treatment ­ A prospective,
multicenter, randomized, double­blind, placebo­controlled clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2015 Apr
24. [Medline].
96. Pinto R, Lopes T, Silva J, Silva C, Dinis P, Cruz F. Persistent therapeutic effect of repeated
injections of onabotulinum toxin a in refractory bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. J Urol.
2013 Feb. 189(2):548­53. [Medline].
97. Gottsch HP, Miller JL, Yang CC, Berger RE. A pilot study of botulinum toxin for interstitial
cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011 Jan. 30(1):93­6. [Medline].
98. Tirumuru S, Al­Kurdi D, Latthe P. Intravesical botulinum toxin A injections in the treatment of painful
bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Oct.
21(10):1285­300. [Medline].
99. Peng CH, Jhang JF, Shie JH, Kuo HC. Down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor is
associated with decreased inflammation after intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA injections combined
with hydrodistention for patients with interstitial cystitis­­clinical results and immunohistochemistry
analysis. Urology. 2013 Dec. 82(6):1452.e1­6. [Medline].
100. Norus T, Fode M, Nordling J. Ileal conduit without cystectomy may be an appropriate option in the
treatment of intractable bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Scand J Urol. 2013 Sep 27.
[Medline].
101. Nordling J, Blaivas JG. Should urinary diversion for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
include cystectomy?. J Urol. 2014 Feb. 191(2):293­5. [Medline].
102. Manning J, Dwyer P, Rosamilia A, Colyvas K, Murray C, Fitzgerald E. A multicentre, prospective,
randomised, double­blind study to measure the treatment effectiveness of abobotulinum A
(AboBTXA) among women with refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Int Urogynecol
J. 2013 Nov 26. [Medline].
Media Gallery
of 0
Tables
Back to List
Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author
4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 17/18
Eric S Rovner, MD Professor, Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina College of
Medicine
Eric S Rovner, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American
Association of Clinical Urologists, American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association,
International Continence Society, International Society of Urology, Society of Pelvic Reconstructive
Surgeons
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Astellas,
Medtronics, Allergan, Ferring.
Coauthor(s)
Colin Murrah Goudelocke, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, Medical University of
South Carolina College of Medicine
Colin Murrah Goudelocke, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological
Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Justin D Ellett, MD, PhD Resident Physician, Department of Urology, Medical University of South
Carolina College of Medicine
Justin D Ellett, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Federation for
Medical Research, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, Association for
Academic Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Edward David Kim, MD, FACS Professor of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Tennessee
Graduate School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, University of Tennessee Medical Center
Edward David Kim, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of
Surgeons, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, American Society of Andrology, American
Urological Association, Sexual Medicine Society of North America, Tennessee Medical Association
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Veru.
Acknowledgements
Matthew Eskridge, MD Physician, Alliance Urology Specialists, Greensboro, NC Matthew Eskridge, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association
and Christian Medical & Dental Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Colin Goudelocke, MD, Physician, Academic Urology, Chattanooga, TN
4/24/2017 Interstitial Cystitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Therapy, DietaryTherapy
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505­treatment 18/18
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Ricardo Sanchez­Ortiz, MD Assistant Professor of Urologic Oncology, University of Puerto Rico School
of Medicine; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson
Cancer Center
Ricarco Sanchez­Ortiz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.



http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505-treatment

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
* Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)