• Iron Chelation In Cancer

    From ironjustice@21:1/5 to All on Mon Oct 1 15:34:58 2018
    3-Chloro-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide: An LSD1-Selective Inhibitor and Iron-Chelating Agent for Anticancer Therapy.
    Sarno F1, Papulino C2, Franci G2,3, Andersen JH4, Cautain B5, Melardo C3, Altucci L1, Nebbioso A1.
    Front Pharmacol. 2018 Sep 7;9:1006. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01006. eCollection 2018.
    Abstract
    Despite the discovery and development of novel therapies, cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide. In order to grow, tumor cells require large quantities of nutrients involved in metabolic processes, and an increase in iron levels is known to
    contribute to cancer proliferation. Iron plays an important role in the active site of a number of proteins involved in energy metabolism, DNA synthesis and repair, such as ribonucleotide reductase, which induce G0/S phase arrest and exert a marked
    antineoplastic effect, particularly in leukemia and neuroblastoma. Iron-depletion strategies using iron chelators have been shown to result in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Deferoxamine (DFO) was the first FDA-approved drug for the treatment of iron
    overload pathologies, and has also been recognized as having anticancer properties. The high cost, low permeability and short plasma half-life of DFO led to the development of other iron-chelating drugs. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) and its
    analogs chelate cellular iron by tridentate binding, and inhibit DNA synthesis more robustly than DFO, demonstrating an effective antiproliferative activity. Here, we investigated the biological effects of a PIH derivative, 3-chloro-N'-(2-
    hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (CHBH), known to be a lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A inhibitor. We showed that CHBH is able to induce cell proliferation arrest in several human cancer cell lines, including lung, colon, pancreas and breast
    cancer, at micromolar levels. Our findings indicate that CHBH exerts a dual anticancer action by strongly impairing iron metabolism and modulating chromatin structure and function.

    KEYWORDS:
    cancer; chromatin remodeling; epigenetics; iron chelating agent; novel therapies

    PMID: 30245629 PMCID: PMC6137965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01006

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    A novel, nontoxic iron chelator, super-polyphenol, effectively induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.
    Ohara T1,2, Tomono Y3, Boyi X1, Yingfu S1, Omori K4, Matsukawa A1.
    Oncotarget. 2018 Aug 28;9(67):32751-32760. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25973. eCollection 2018 Aug 28.

    Abstract
    Iron chelation therapy is the main treatment for iron overload disease. Iron chelators were recently reported to be useful for cancer therapy; however, they cause side effects that make them difficult to use in some cancer patients. Thus, a novel oral
    iron chelator, super-polyphenol (SP), was developed for cancer therapy to decrease the side effects. SP is either water soluble or insoluble, and has different isoforms according to the number of side chains. Of these isoforms, water-soluble SP6 and SP10
    appear to be the best candidates, as they have the strongest chelating abilities. In this study, we focused on the usefulness and safety of SP6 and SP10 as anti-cancer drugs, and examined their anti-cancer effects and toxicity. The results showed that
    SP6 and SP10 inhibited cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in HCT116, HSC-2, A549, and MCF-7 cancer cells. SP10 also inhibited tumor growth in an HCT116 xenograft model. SP6 and SP10 had no acute toxicities. An intravenous injection test
    revealed that SP6 and SP10 had better safety profiles than the iron chelator deferoxamine. In conclusion, SP is a novel oral iron chelator with anti-cancer effects and few adverse side effects. This is the first report of SP in the literature.

    KEYWORDS:
    apoptosis; chelation; chelator; iron; toxicity

    PMID: 30214682 PMCID: PMC6132348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25973

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  • From ironjustice@21:1/5 to All on Sat Jul 31 19:48:01 2021
    Reversing oncogenic transformation with iron chelation
    Oncotarget. 2021; 12:106-124. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27866
    Gina Abdelaal1 and Stephany Veuger1
    1 Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
    Gina Abdelaal, email: gina.abdelaal @ northumbria.ac.uk
    Received: September 29, 2020     Accepted: December 16, 2020     Published: January 19, 2021

    ABSTRACT
    Cancer cells accumulate iron to supplement their aberrant growth and metabolism. Depleting cells of iron by iron chelators has been shown to be selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Iron chelators are effective at combating a range
    of cancers including those which are difficult to treat such as androgen insensitive prostate cancer and cancer stem cells. This review will evaluate the impact of iron chelation on cancer cell survival and the underlying mechanisms of action. A plethora
    of studies have shown iron chelators can reverse some of the major hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer. Iron chelators inhibit signalling pathways that drive proliferation, migration and metastasis as well as return tumour suppressive
    signalling. In addition to this, iron chelators stimulate apoptotic and ER stress signalling pathways inducing cell death even in cells lacking a functional p53 gene. Iron chelators can sensitise cancer cells to PARP inhibitors through mimicking BRCAness;
    a feature of cancers trademark genomic instability. Iron chelators target cancer cell metabolism, attenuating oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Moreover, iron chelators may reverse the major characteristics of oncogenic transformation. Iron
    chelation therefore represent a promising selective mode of cancer therapy. Keywords: iron chelator; oncogenesis; selective cytotoxicity; hallmarks of cancer; NDRG1

    https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27866/text/

    Copyright: © 2021 Abdelaal and Veuger. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
    original author and source are credited.


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