• Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes

    From ironjustice@21:1/5 to All on Sat Aug 5 13:19:38 2023
    Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161568/
    Annu Rev Physiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2023 May 5.
    Published in final edited form as:
    Annu Rev Physiol. 2023 Feb 10; 85: 339–362.
    Published online 2022 Sep 22. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022522-102832
    PMCID: PMC10161568
    NIHMSID: NIHMS1889793
    PMID: 36137277
    Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes
    Alexandria V Harrison,1 Felipe Ramos Lorenzo,1,2 and Donald A. McClain1,2 Author information Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer
    The publisher's final edited version of this article is available free at Annu Rev Physiol
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    Abstract
    High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels
    and in pathologic iron overload. Because of iron’s central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice,
    insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are
    diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with aging, nutrition,
    and iron.

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