Serum fibrinogen and cardiovascular events in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a prospective observational study
Sheng-Hua Yang, Ying Du, Yan Zhang, Xiao-Lin Li, Sha Li, Rui-Xia Xu,
Cheng-Gang Zhu, Yuan-Lin Guo, Na-Qiong Wu, Ping Qing, Ying Gao,
Chuan-Jue Cui, Qian Dong, Jing Sun, Jian-Jun Li

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the
association of serum fibrinogen with cardiovascular events
(CVE) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD).
Design An observational study.
Setting FuWai Hospital in Beijing, China.
Participants A cohort of 1466 patients withT2DM and
angiographic-proven stable CAD was evaluated.
Outcome measures Baseline serum fibrinogen levels
were measured and trisected into ‘low’, ‘middle’ and
‘high’. Their association with CVE was explored using Cox
proportional hazard models.
Results With 20.2 months (average) follow-up, 44 (3%)
were lost to follow-up and 96 patients developed CVE.
Compared with the patients without CVE, the ones who
developed CVE had higher levels of fibrinogen. Univariable
regression revealed a significant relation of fibrinogen to
CVE (HR (HR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.47, p=0.010) per
SD increase of fibrinogen at baseline. After adjusting for
multiple established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk
factors, the association persisted (HR 1.30, 95%CI 1.02
to 1.66, p=0.037). Moreover, after adjusting for CVD
risk factors, the HRs for middle-serum and high-serum
fibrinogen concentration, using ‘low’ group as reference,
were 1.23 (95% CI 0.69 to 2.20) and 2.20 (95% CI 1.11 to
3.36, p=0.049).
Conclusions We first indicated that elevated fibrinogen
level was independently associated with increased CVE in
Chinese patients with T2DMand stable CAD.

http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/7/6/e015041.full.pdf

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Fibrinogen Independently Predicts the Development of Ischemic Stroke in a Taiwanese Population CVDFACTS Study
Stroke 40(5):1578-84 · April 2009
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540492

Abstract
Of few prospective studies that have focused on the relationship between fibrinogen and ischemic stroke (IS) in Asian populations, the findings were inconsistent with those conducted in Western countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the temporal
relationship between fibrinogen levels (plus several related parameters) and IS in a community-based study in Taiwan. Baseline data from 3281 adults (>or=20 years of age) in the Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factor Two-Township Study were linked to
incidental IS status derived from insurance claims and death certificate records. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs of clotting factors (fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, and antithrombin-III) for IS events were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.
With 10.4 years (average) follow-up, 128 persons developed IS (3.75 per 1000 person-years). As expected, elevated blood pressure and diabetes were independent predictors of IS events. A dose-response relationship was found in univariate analysis between
IS risk and tertiles of fibrinogen (hazard ratio, 3.73; 2.19 to 1.00), factor VII (hazard ratio, 1.86; 1.35 to 1.00), and factor VIII (2.97; 1.70 to 1.00), respectively, but not for antithrombin-III. After adjusting for confounding and known risk factors,
fibrinogen independently predicted IS events. A 72% increase (hazard ratio, 1.72; 1.02 to 2.90) in IS risk was observed for individuals with fibrinogen >or=8.79 mumol/L compared with those <7.03 micromol/L. In addition to hypertension and diabetes,
fibrinogen independently predicted future IS risk. We suggest that fibrinogen may be considered in the risk assessment model for IS in the Taiwanese population.

Fibrinogen Independently Predicts the Development of Ischemic Stroke in a... | Request PDF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24201166_Fibrinogen_Independently_Predicts_the_Development_of_Ischemic_Stroke_in_a_Taiwanese_Population_
CVDFACTS_Study [accessed Feb 07 2018].

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“They took about a tablespoon of oil a day, for example, mixed with a salad. The rapeseed oil dose doubled the intake of omega-3-alpha- linolenic acid during the experiment period of six weeks. Due to the regime, all higher-than-average fibrinogen
levels decreased by approximately 30 per cent.”

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101108072258.htm

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