• Lactobacillus plantarum In Sepsis

    From ironjustice@21:1/5 to All on Mon Sep 4 05:48:45 2017
    A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India Pinaki Panigrahi, Sailajanandan Parida, Nimai C. Nanda, Radhanath Satpathy, Lingaraj Pradhan, Dinesh S. Chandel, Lorena Baccaglini, Arjit Mohapatra, Subhranshu S. Mohapatra, Pravas R. Misra, Rama Chaudhry, Hegang H. Chen, Judith A. Johnson, J. Glenn
    Morris, Nigel Paneth & Ira H. Gewolb
    Nature 548, 407–412 (24 August 2017) doi:10.1038/nature23480
    Received 14 November 2016 Accepted 07 July 2017 Published online 16 August 2017

    Abstract

    Sepsis in early infancy results in one million annual deaths worldwide, most of them in developing countries. No efficient means of prevention is currently available. Here we report on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of an oral
    synbiotic preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum plus fructooligosaccharide) in rural Indian newborns. We enrolled 4,556 infants that were at least 2,000 g at birth, at least 35 weeks of gestation, and with no signs of sepsis or other morbidity, and
    monitored them for 60 days. We show a significant reduction in the primary outcome (combination of sepsis and death) in the treatment arm (risk ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.74), with few deaths (4 placebo, 6 synbiotic). Significant
    reductions were also observed for culture-positive and culture-negative sepsis and lower respiratory tract infections. These findings suggest that a large proportion of neonatal sepsis in developing countries could be effectively prevented using a
    synbiotic containing L. plantarum ATCC-202195.


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    "Lactic acid bacteria are unusual as they have evolved not to require
    iron"

    Lactic acid bacteria from chicken carcasses with inhibitory activity
    against Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes
    I. Sakaridisa, N. Soultosa, C.I. Dovasb, E. Papavergoua, I.
    Ambrosiadisa, P. Koidisa
    a Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin,
    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
    54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
    b Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
    Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124
    Thessaloniki, Greece
    Received 9 March 2011; revised 29 August 2011; Accepted 25 September
    2011. Available online 1 October 2011.


    Abstract
    This study was conducted to isolate psychrotrophic lactic acid
    bacteria (LAB) from chicken carcasses with inhibitory activity
    against
    strains of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes.
    A total of 100 broiler samples were examined for the presence of LAB. Ninety-two LAB isolates that showed antimicrobial effects against
    Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were further analysed to examine
    their LAB (Gram-positive, catalase negative, oxidase negative) and psychrotrophic characteristics (ability to grow at 7 °C).
    Fifty isolates were further selected and identified initially using
    standard biochemical tests in miniature (Micro-kits API CH 50) and
    then by sequencing of the 16s–23s rRNA gene boundary region
    (Intergenic Spacer Region).
    By molecular identification, these isolates were classified into 5
    different LAB species: Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus
    reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Pediococcus acidilactici, and
    Lactobacillus paralimentarius.
    None of the isolates produced tyramine or histamine.

    Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria; Biopreservation; Poultry; Salmonella;
    Listeria

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    Clinical microbiology
    The inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from breast
    milk on gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial origin
    Solange Jaraa, Magaly Sáncheza, Rodrigo Veraa, Jaime Cofréa, Erica
    Castroa, b, ,
    Anaerobe
    a Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
    b Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
    Received 31 December 2010; revised 19 July 2011; Accepted 20 July
    2011. Available online 10 August 2011.


    Abstract
    Milk acts as a mean for transporting many essential substances from
    the mother to the child.
    In human beings, milk includes several predominant bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci, micrococci, lactobacilli, enterococci,
    lactococci and bifidobacteria.
    Besides, its intake favors the predominance of bifidobacteria and
    lactobacilli in the child’s intestinal microbiota.
    The present work explores the isolation and selection of lactobacilli
    strains with probiotic potential, focusing in their degree of
    hydrophobicity and antagonism against important gastrointestinal
    nosocomial pathogens.
    98 lactobacilli were isolated from 48 breast milk samples, with most
    strains belonging to the obligately homofermentative group (36.7%).
    63% of the isolated strains showed a high degree of hydrophobicity
    when tested on three solvents and were selected for detecting
    antimicrobial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens, including Escherichiacoli, Shigella spp, Pseudomonas spp and Salmonella spp
    strains.
    When applying the agar diffusion test, many isolated strains
    presented
    inhibitory activity against pathogenic strains.
    We observed that: Salmonella enteriditis was the most inhibited
    pathogen, and the strains with the most inhibitory power were AR2 and
    O1 (both highly hydrophobic lactic acid bacteria), which showed an
    opposing effect against all nosocomial pathogens tested.
    Although more in vitro, in vivo or clinical data would be needed
    before any conclusion on the probiotic properties of the strains can
    be drawn, our results demonstrate that some of the tested strains may
    have good probiotic potential for their inclusion in products
    targeting infants.


    Highlights
    ► The isolation and selection of lactobacilli strains with probiotic potential has been explored.
    ► We have focused in the hydrophobic degree and antagonism against
    important pathogens.
    ► The highly hydrophobic strains AR2 and O1, showed antagonism
    against
    all pathogens tested.
    ► Some strains may have good probiotic potential for their inclusion
    in products targeting infants.


    Keywords: Nosocomial bacteria; Lactobacillus sp.; Growth inhibition

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