Higher hemoglobin levels are an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes
Multicenter Study Sci Rep
. 2022 Jan 31;12(1):1686. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05801-y.
Sissala 1, Sanna Mustaniemi 2 3, Eero Kajantie 2 3 4 5, Marja Vääräsmäki 2 3, Peppi Koivunen 6
PMID: 35102239 PMCID: PMC8803843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05801-y
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35102239/
Abstract
Incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has increased rapidly. It poses significant risks for both mother and fetus affecting also negatively their longer-term metabolic heath. We asked whether early pregnancy maternal hemoglobin (Hb) levels, indicative
for tissue oxygenation, would affect mother's metabolic health and fetal outcome. We assessed in FinnGeDi, a Finnish multicenter case-control study for GDM (n = 1828), association of maternal 1st trimester Hb levels with metabolic parameters and
perinatal outcome. Our data show that mothers with GDM had higher Hb levels compared to controls (mean difference 1.746 g/L). Hb levels associated positively with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose levels and glucose levels in a glucose
tolerance test and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (bp) levels. When assessed in quartiles the highest Hb quartile had more chronic and gestational hypertension and the most adverse outcome of the metabolic parameters, dose-dependency seen in bp,
BMI and glucose levels. In a multivariable regression analysis Hb levels remained an independently associated parameter for GDM after adjusting for key covariates (OR 1.019, 95% CI [1.007; 1.031]). In conclusion, higher maternal Hb levels within the
normal variation are an independent risk factor for GDM in this population but have little effect on perinatal outcome.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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