Potential Treatment of Retinal Diseases with Iron Chelators.
Shu W1,2, Dunaief JL3.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2018 Oct 22;11(4). pii: E112.
doi: 10.3390/ph11040112.

Abstract
Iron is essential for life, while excess iron can be toxic. Iron generates hydroxyl radical, which is the most reactive free radical, causing oxidative stress. Since iron is absorbed through the diet but not excreted from the body, it accumulates with
age in tissues, including the retina, consequently leading to age-related toxicity. This accumulation is further promoted by inflammation. Hereditary diseases such as aceruloplasminemia, Friedreich's ataxia, pantothenate kinase-associated
neurodegeneration, and posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa involve retinal degeneration associated with iron dysregulation. In addition to hereditary causes, dietary or parenteral iron supplementation has been recently reported to elevate
iron levels in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and promote retinal degeneration. Ocular siderosis from intraocular foreign bodies or subretinal hemorrhage can also lead to retinopathy. Evidence from mice and humans suggests that iron toxicity may
contribute to age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis. Iron chelators can protect photoreceptors and RPE in various mouse models. The therapeutic potential for iron chelators is under investigation.

KEYWORDS:
age-related macular degeneration (AMD); chelation; iron; retina

PMID: 30360383 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040112

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