Arachidonic acid signals for muscle protein sythesis via a COX-2 dependent pathway (suggesting prostaglandins are involved)[94] which is associated with increases in both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF(2α),[94][95][96][97] although incubation with
isolated PGE2 or PGF(2α) doesn't appear to fully replicate the hypertrophic effects of arachidonic acid.[94] PGE2 and PGF(2α) are also induced by exercise (specifically, a stretching of muscle cells in vitro[98]) and has been noted both in serum[99][
100] and intramuscularly (four-fold, from 0.95+/-0.26ng/mL to 3.97+/-0.75ng/mL[101]) of exercising subjects, which are normalized within an hour after working out.[101] The ability of the stretch reflex to increase concentrations of PGE2 and PGF(2α)[98]
may merely be due to stretching increasing the activity of COX2.[98][102]
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