• Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone

    From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to All on Thu Jul 11 01:00:07 2019
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F.
    could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

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  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to Hannu Poropudas on Fri Jul 12 00:25:32 2019
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F.
    could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

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  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to Hannu Poropudas on Sun Jul 14 02:19:53 2019
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F. could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the time was
    assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in Schopf J.W.
    et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first mentioned ref.
    and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line level
    just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters) is
    needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanporop@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)

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  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to Hannu Poropudas on Mon Jul 15 00:31:24 2019
    On Sunday, July 14, 2019 at 12:19:54 PM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F. could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the time was
    assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in Schopf J.
    W. et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first mentioned ref.
    and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line level
    just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters) is
    needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanporop@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)

    I found (15.7.2019)exact location coordinates of MY ORIGIN above
    (I used Satellite Image of Google Map):

    (-19.716095, 28.799043)

    (28.799043 degrees E, 19.716095 degrees S)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

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  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to Hannu Poropudas on Wed Jul 31 07:46:54 2019
    On Monday, July 15, 2019 at 10:31:25 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Sunday, July 14, 2019 at 12:19:54 PM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F. could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the time
    was assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in Schopf
    J.W. et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first mentioned
    ref. and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line level
    just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters) is
    needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanporop@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)

    I found (15.7.2019)exact location coordinates of MY ORIGIN above
    (I used Satellite Image of Google Map):

    (-19.716095, 28.799043)

    (28.799043 degrees E, 19.716095 degrees S)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    I found an interesting paper:

    Fedo,C.M., Eriksson,K.A., 1996.
    Stratigraphic framework of the ~ 3.0 Ga Buhwa Greenstone Belt:
    a unique stable-shelf succession in the Zimbabwe Archean Craton.
    Precambrian Research 77 (1996) 161-178.

    It was mentioned in this paper that the age of the Buhwa Greenstone Belt is between 2900 Ma - 3090 Ma.

    It is interesting due this Buhwa Greenstone Belt is situated also quite
    near the Bubi E belt where these Bul6/Bul-7 etc. stromatolites
    originates about which I asked above ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to All on Mon Feb 6 01:25:15 2023
    sunnuntai 14. heinäkuuta 2019 klo 12.19.54 UTC+3 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F. could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the time was
    assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in Schopf J.
    W. et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first mentioned ref.
    and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line level
    just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters) is
    needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanp...@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)

    I found one recent reference about geological ages of the Zimbabwe Craton:

    REFERENCE:

    Jelsma, H., A., Nesbitt, R., W. and Fanning, C., M., 2021.
    Exploring our current understanding of the geological evolution
    and mineral endowment of the Zimbabwe Craton.
    South Africal Journal of Geology 124 (1): 279-310,
    March 2021. 33 pages.
    (Table 1./page 282. Stratigraphic nomenclature employed by
    various workers for the greenstone belts of Zimbabwe:
    MacGregor (1947,1951), Stagman (1978), Wilson (1979),
    *Wilson et al (1995)*, Jelsma et al (1998) and this study.)

    I prefer this *Wilson et al (1995)* reference and there
    Lower Bulawayan L4 is marked between M Marker and K Marker
    in the Table 1 (Jelsma H A et al 2021).

    I prefer also that UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite also is probably
    collected from the Lower Limestone (except one DUMP is approximately
    in the FAULT between Lower Limestones and Upper Limestones)
    which Lower Limestones I consider to be same as Lower Greenstones,
    when comparing Table 1 used names.

    If this would be true, then age of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite
    would be according *Wilson et al (1995)* column and L4 of the Table 1,
    between 2745 Ma (Manjeri Formation, Mutare tonalite 2741 Ma) and
    2803 Ma - 2788 Ma (Koodoovale Formation, Somabula tonalite 2752 Ma) ?

    2741Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2752 Ma ?


    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas, Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to All on Wed Feb 8 01:34:44 2023
    maanantai 6. helmikuuta 2023 klo 11.25.16 UTC+2 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    sunnuntai 14. heinäkuuta 2019 klo 12.19.54 UTC+3 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F.
    could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971.
    Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites. Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the time
    was assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in Schopf
    J.W. et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first mentioned
    ref. and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line level
    just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters) is
    needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanp...@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)
    I found one recent reference about geological ages of the Zimbabwe Craton:

    REFERENCE:

    Jelsma, H., A., Nesbitt, R., W. and Fanning, C., M., 2021.
    Exploring our current understanding of the geological evolution
    and mineral endowment of the Zimbabwe Craton.
    South Africal Journal of Geology 124 (1): 279-310,
    March 2021. 33 pages.
    (Table 1./page 282. Stratigraphic nomenclature employed by
    various workers for the greenstone belts of Zimbabwe:
    MacGregor (1947,1951), Stagman (1978), Wilson (1979),
    *Wilson et al (1995)*, Jelsma et al (1998) and this study.)

    I prefer this *Wilson et al (1995)* reference and there
    Lower Bulawayan L4 is marked between M Marker and K Marker
    in the Table 1 (Jelsma H A et al 2021).

    I prefer also that UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite also is probably
    collected from the Lower Limestone (except one DUMP is approximately
    in the FAULT between Lower Limestones and Upper Limestones)
    which Lower Limestones I consider to be same as Lower Greenstones,
    when comparing Table 1 used names.

    If this would be true, then age of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite
    would be according *Wilson et al (1995)* column and L4 of the Table 1, between 2745 Ma (Manjeri Formation, Mutare tonalite 2741 Ma) and
    2803 Ma - 2788 Ma (Koodoovale Formation, Somabula tonalite 2752 Ma) ?

    2741Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2752 Ma ?

    CORRECTION: (If L4 would be correct place for UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite ?)
    2788 Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2803 Ma ?

    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas, Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.

    I took more close look about historical names in stratigraphy of Zimbabwe:

    Macgregor 1947, 1951:
    Upper Series, Shamvaian System clastic deposits
    Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic
    Magnesian System, Sebakwian System

    Stagman 1978:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Bulawayan Group = Upper Bulawayan + Fault ? + Lower Bulawayan ( = this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Wilson 1979:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Upper Greenstones + Fault (Manjeri marker) + Lower Greenstones (= this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    (Upper Greenstones = (Maliyami) + Cheshire + Zeederbers + Reliance + Manjeri ) (Lower Greenstones = Koodoovale + Fault (K marker) + Bend + Fault (B marker) + Hokonui )
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Foster 1979:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Bulawayan Group = Upper Greenstones + Fault (Manjeri marker) + Lower Greenstones
    (Upper Greenstones = Calcalkaline + Bimodal Mixed + Basaltic + Komatic + Sedimentary )
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Wilson et al 1995:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Supergroup = Upper Shamvaian Group + Lower Shamvaian Group ( = this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    (Lower Shamvaian Group = H + Fault (H marker) + U6 (?) )
    Bulawayan Supergroup + Fault (K marker) + Belingwean Supergroup ( = this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    (Bulawayan Supergroup (?) = Upper Bulawayan Group + Fault (M marker) + Lower Bulawayan Group)
    (Upper Bulawayan Group = U5 + U4W/U4E + U3 + U2 + U1 + Fault (M marker))
    (Lower Bulawayan Group = Fault (M marker) + L4)
    (Belingwean Supergroup = Upper Belingwean Group + Fault (B marker) + Lower Belingwean Group)
    (Upper Belingwean Group = L3 + Fault (B marker))
    (Lower Belingwean Group = Fault (B marker) + L2 + L1)
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Informal:
    -
    Shamvaian Supergroup ( = this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Ngezi Group (?) = Bulawayan Supergroup (?)
    Fault (K marker)
    Mtsingwe Group = Belingwean Supergroup
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Geochronology (Wilson et al 1995):
    Great Dyke: 2574+-2 Ma, East Dyke: 2574+-2 Ma, Umvimeela (West) Dyke: 2577+-2 Ma
    Upper Shamvaian Group: >2645 Ma
    H: Passaford Fm: 2643 Ma (2700 Ma?)
    ?U6: Lake Kyle vent: 2661 Ma, Porphyries: 2677-2666 Ma
    U5: Maliyami Fm: 2702 Ma
    U4W/U4E: What Cheer Fm: 2683 Ma, Avalon Fm: 2696 Ma, Maparu Fm: 2697 Ma
    U3: Surprise Fm: 2698 Ma, Zeederberg Fm: 2698 Ma
    U2: Reliance Fm: 2745 Ma, Sills: 2740-2733 Ma (Phurombuzi, Shangani)
    U1: Iron Mask Formation: 2715 Ma, Manjeri Fm: > 2745 Ma
    L4: Koodoovale Fm: 2803 - 2788 Ma, Arizona Fm: 2805 Ma
    L4 Fault (K marker): Eldorado Fm: 2799-2788 Ma
    L3: Brooklands Fm, Buchwa quartzite
    L2: Mafic Fm: 2880- 2870 Ma, Hokonui Fm: 2904 Ma
    L1: Manica felsic volcanics: 2990 Ma
    Sebakwian Group: > 3375 Ma.

    Intrusions (not copied here due this copy would be too long):
    -

    REFERENCE 1:
    Jelsma Hielke, 2019.
    Macgregor memorial lecture.
    15-17 May 2019, 61 pages. Page 30 (Current Understanding).

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    About location of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite:

    REFERENCE 2:
    Bond, G., Wilson, J. F., Winnall, N. J., 1973. Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites).
    Nature Vol. 244, August 3 1973. pp. 275-276.

    "The Huntsman limestone was included without question in the lower part of
    the "Zwankendaba Group" of the Lower Series of the Volcanic Greenstone System, which
    later became the Bulawayan System (now Group)."

    "The succession in descending order is:

    Greenstone
    (dolerite sill) (intrusive)
    Greenstone
    Upper limestone
    Banded ironstone
    Lower limestone (with stromatolites)
    Quartz sericite schist."

    "From Fig. 1 (Field relations, Huntsman quarries, geologic map made by Winnall, N., J.):

    Zwankendaba Memember = ( Upper limestone and banded ironstone + Quartz-sericite schist +
    + Lower limestone and banded ironstone + Quartz-sericite schist)
    Lower Formation = Greenstone + Zwankendabe Member
    Bulawayan Group = Greenstone + Zwankendabe Member."

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    Stromatolite samples are collected from one TAILINGS of PILE and from two MINE DUMPS
    by K. V. Kvenvolden. TEXT-Fig. 1 - Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries, southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe),
    showing sample localities. p. 479, REFERENCE 3.

    These all are located in Lower limestone (except possible one MINE DUMP is at fault between
    Lower limestone and Upper limestone?).

    REFERENCE 3.
    Schopf, J., W., Oehler, D., Z., Horodyski, R., J., and Kvenvolden, K., A., 1971.
    Biogenicity and significance of the oldest known stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485, PL. 56, 2 Text-Figs., May 1971.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    This Huntsman quarries in located in the Bubi Greenstone Belt, southwest Zimbabwe:

    REFERENCE 4.
    MhlangA Gilbert, (Master of Science Thesis), 2002.
    Data driveb predictive modelling for Archean lode gold potential,
    Bubi greenstone belt, southwestern Zimbabwe.
    International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. Enschede, The Netherlands.
    95 pages.

    Stratigraphy is on page 14, Figure 2.3: Lithological map of the Bubi greenstone belt., pp. 13-15.

    [ Other symbols on the map,
    c: Post Archean cover
    F: Felsite and quartz porphyry
    D: *Dolerite*
    H: Gabro
    G: massive granitoids
    S: Serpentinite and talc schist
    yi: *Banded iron Fm*
    yl: *Crystalline limestone*
    x: Ndutshana Formation (greywacke and arkose)
    xc: Ndutshana Formation (Conglomerate) ]

    Upper Bulawayan Group,
    y14: Dagmar Fm
    y13: Ednovean Fm
    y12: Dollar Block Fm
    y11: Courtleigh volcanic Fm

    Middle Bulawayan Group,
    y10a: Lonely Mine Fm (sedimentary unit)
    y10: Lonely Mine Fm (volcanic unit)
    y9: Esinangeni Fm
    y8: Ventnor Fm
    y7a: Mbembesi river Fm (volcanoclastic unit)
    y7: Mbembesi river Fm (volcanic unit)
    y6: *Zwangendaba Fm*
    y5: Sweetwater Fm
    y4: Inyati Fm

    Lower Bulawayan Group,
    y3: Bubi source Fm
    y2: Goodwood Fm
    y1: Kenilworth Fm

    [ Lowest,
    Gm: Migmatites and gneissic granitoids] ------------------------------------------------------------------
    At the end my question concerning the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite:
    Where in stratigraphy of Zimbabwe geology does (Bond G. et al 1973) *Lower limestone (with stromatolites)* belong?
    and what is the age estimation for Lower limestone (with stromatolites) ?

    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas
    Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to All on Thu Feb 9 23:52:54 2023
    keskiviikko 8. helmikuuta 2023 klo 11.34.45 UTC+2 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    maanantai 6. helmikuuta 2023 klo 11.25.16 UTC+2 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    sunnuntai 14. heinäkuuta 2019 klo 12.19.54 UTC+3 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F.
    could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971.
    Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites. Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).

    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7.
    Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the time
    was assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in
    Schopf J.W. et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first mentioned
    ref. and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line
    level just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters)
    is needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanp...@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)
    I found one recent reference about geological ages of the Zimbabwe Craton:

    REFERENCE:

    Jelsma, H., A., Nesbitt, R., W. and Fanning, C., M., 2021.
    Exploring our current understanding of the geological evolution
    and mineral endowment of the Zimbabwe Craton.
    South Africal Journal of Geology 124 (1): 279-310,
    March 2021. 33 pages.
    (Table 1./page 282. Stratigraphic nomenclature employed by
    various workers for the greenstone belts of Zimbabwe:
    MacGregor (1947,1951), Stagman (1978), Wilson (1979),
    *Wilson et al (1995)*, Jelsma et al (1998) and this study.)

    I prefer this *Wilson et al (1995)* reference and there
    Lower Bulawayan L4 is marked between M Marker and K Marker
    in the Table 1 (Jelsma H A et al 2021).

    I prefer also that UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite also is probably
    collected from the Lower Limestone (except one DUMP is approximately
    in the FAULT between Lower Limestones and Upper Limestones)
    which Lower Limestones I consider to be same as Lower Greenstones,
    when comparing Table 1 used names.

    If this would be true, then age of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite
    would be according *Wilson et al (1995)* column and L4 of the Table 1, between 2745 Ma (Manjeri Formation, Mutare tonalite 2741 Ma) and
    2803 Ma - 2788 Ma (Koodoovale Formation, Somabula tonalite 2752 Ma) ?

    2741Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2752 Ma ?

    CORRECTION: (If L4 would be correct place for UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite ?) 2788 Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2803 Ma ?

    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas, Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.
    I took more close look about historical names in stratigraphy of Zimbabwe:

    Macgregor 1947, 1951:
    Upper Series, Shamvaian System clastic deposits
    Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic
    Magnesian System, Sebakwian System

    Stagman 1978:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Bulawayan Group = Upper Bulawayan + Fault ? + Lower Bulawayan ( = this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Wilson 1979:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Upper Greenstones + Fault (Manjeri marker) + Lower Greenstones (= this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    (Upper Greenstones = (Maliyami) + Cheshire + Zeederbers + Reliance + Manjeri )
    (Lower Greenstones = Koodoovale + Fault (K marker) + Bend + Fault (B marker) + Hokonui )
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Foster 1979:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Bulawayan Group = Upper Greenstones + Fault (Manjeri marker) + Lower Greenstones
    (Upper Greenstones = Calcalkaline + Bimodal Mixed + Basaltic + Komatic + Sedimentary )
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Wilson et al 1995:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Supergroup = Upper Shamvaian Group + Lower Shamvaian Group ( = this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    (Lower Shamvaian Group = H + Fault (H marker) + U6 (?) )
    Bulawayan Supergroup + Fault (K marker) + Belingwean Supergroup ( = this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    (Bulawayan Supergroup (?) = Upper Bulawayan Group + Fault (M marker) + Lower Bulawayan Group)
    (Upper Bulawayan Group = U5 + U4W/U4E + U3 + U2 + U1 + Fault (M marker)) (Lower Bulawayan Group = Fault (M marker) + L4)
    (Belingwean Supergroup = Upper Belingwean Group + Fault (B marker) + Lower Belingwean Group)
    (Upper Belingwean Group = L3 + Fault (B marker))
    (Lower Belingwean Group = Fault (B marker) + L2 + L1)
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Informal:
    -
    Shamvaian Supergroup ( = this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Ngezi Group (?) = Bulawayan Supergroup (?)
    Fault (K marker)
    Mtsingwe Group = Belingwean Supergroup
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Geochronology (Wilson et al 1995):
    Great Dyke: 2574+-2 Ma, East Dyke: 2574+-2 Ma, Umvimeela (West) Dyke: 2577+-2 Ma
    Upper Shamvaian Group: >2645 Ma
    H: Passaford Fm: 2643 Ma (2700 Ma?)
    ?U6: Lake Kyle vent: 2661 Ma, Porphyries: 2677-2666 Ma
    U5: Maliyami Fm: 2702 Ma
    U4W/U4E: What Cheer Fm: 2683 Ma, Avalon Fm: 2696 Ma, Maparu Fm: 2697 Ma
    U3: Surprise Fm: 2698 Ma, Zeederberg Fm: 2698 Ma
    U2: Reliance Fm: 2745 Ma, Sills: 2740-2733 Ma (Phurombuzi, Shangani)
    U1: Iron Mask Formation: 2715 Ma, Manjeri Fm: > 2745 Ma
    L4: Koodoovale Fm: 2803 - 2788 Ma, Arizona Fm: 2805 Ma
    L4 Fault (K marker): Eldorado Fm: 2799-2788 Ma
    L3: Brooklands Fm, Buchwa quartzite
    L2: Mafic Fm: 2880- 2870 Ma, Hokonui Fm: 2904 Ma
    L1: Manica felsic volcanics: 2990 Ma
    Sebakwian Group: > 3375 Ma.

    Intrusions (not copied here due this copy would be too long):
    -

    REFERENCE 1:
    Jelsma Hielke, 2019.
    Macgregor memorial lecture.
    15-17 May 2019, 61 pages. Page 30 (Current Understanding).

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    About location of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite:

    REFERENCE 2:
    Bond, G., Wilson, J. F., Winnall, N. J., 1973. Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites).
    Nature Vol. 244, August 3 1973. pp. 275-276.

    "The Huntsman limestone was included without question in the lower part of the "Zwankendaba Group" of the Lower Series of the Volcanic Greenstone System, which
    later became the Bulawayan System (now Group)."

    "The succession in descending order is:

    Greenstone
    (dolerite sill) (intrusive)
    Greenstone
    Upper limestone
    Banded ironstone
    Lower limestone (with stromatolites)
    Quartz sericite schist."

    "From Fig. 1 (Field relations, Huntsman quarries, geologic map made by Winnall, N., J.):

    Zwankendaba Memember = ( Upper limestone and banded ironstone + Quartz-sericite schist +
    + Lower limestone and banded ironstone + Quartz-sericite schist)
    Lower Formation = Greenstone + Zwankendabe Member
    Bulawayan Group = Greenstone + Zwankendabe Member."

    ------------------------------------------------------------------ Stromatolite samples are collected from one TAILINGS of PILE and from two MINE DUMPS
    by K. V. Kvenvolden. TEXT-Fig. 1 - Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries, southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe),
    showing sample localities. p. 479, REFERENCE 3.

    These all are located in Lower limestone (except possible one MINE DUMP is at fault between
    Lower limestone and Upper limestone?).

    REFERENCE 3.
    Schopf, J., W., Oehler, D., Z., Horodyski, R., J., and Kvenvolden, K., A., 1971.
    Biogenicity and significance of the oldest known stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485, PL. 56, 2 Text-Figs., May 1971.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    This Huntsman quarries in located in the Bubi Greenstone Belt, southwest Zimbabwe:

    REFERENCE 4.
    MhlangA Gilbert, (Master of Science Thesis), 2002.
    Data driveb predictive modelling for Archean lode gold potential,
    Bubi greenstone belt, southwestern Zimbabwe.
    International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. Enschede, The Netherlands.
    95 pages.

    Stratigraphy is on page 14, Figure 2.3: Lithological map of the Bubi greenstone belt., pp. 13-15.

    [ Other symbols on the map,
    c: Post Archean cover
    F: Felsite and quartz porphyry
    D: *Dolerite*
    H: Gabro
    G: massive granitoids
    S: Serpentinite and talc schist
    yi: *Banded iron Fm*
    yl: *Crystalline limestone*
    x: Ndutshana Formation (greywacke and arkose)
    xc: Ndutshana Formation (Conglomerate) ]

    Upper Bulawayan Group,
    y14: Dagmar Fm
    y13: Ednovean Fm
    y12: Dollar Block Fm
    y11: Courtleigh volcanic Fm

    Middle Bulawayan Group,
    y10a: Lonely Mine Fm (sedimentary unit)
    y10: Lonely Mine Fm (volcanic unit)
    y9: Esinangeni Fm
    y8: Ventnor Fm
    y7a: Mbembesi river Fm (volcanoclastic unit)
    y7: Mbembesi river Fm (volcanic unit)
    y6: *Zwangendaba Fm*
    y5: Sweetwater Fm
    y4: Inyati Fm

    Lower Bulawayan Group,
    y3: Bubi source Fm
    y2: Goodwood Fm
    y1: Kenilworth Fm

    [ Lowest,
    Gm: Migmatites and gneissic granitoids] ------------------------------------------------------------------
    At the end my question concerning the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite:
    Where in stratigraphy of Zimbabwe geology does (Bond G. et al 1973) *Lower limestone (with stromatolites)* belong?
    and what is the age estimation for Lower limestone (with stromatolites) ?

    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas
    Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.

    If (MhlangA Gilbert, 2002 ) "Stratigraphy is on page 14, Figure 2.3: Lithological map of the Bubi greenstone belt., pp. 13-15."
    is correct then
    2715 Ma (age of the Iron Mask Formation) < Age of "Lower limestone (with stromatolites)" < 2788 Ma - 2803 Ma (age of the Koodoovale Formation) ?

    "Lower limestone (with stromatolites), (Bond, G., Wilson, J. F., Winnall, N. J., 1973)"

    It is my opinion that Bubi Greenstone Belt stratigraphy should somehow be taken into account also
    in the table of "CURRENT UNDERSTANDING" ?
    "(Jelsma Hielke, 2019. Macgregor memorial lecture.
    15-17 May 2019, 61 pages. Page 30 (Current Understanding). )"

    Hannu Poropudas,
    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu,
    Finland

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Hannu Poropudas@21:1/5 to All on Sat Feb 11 01:11:07 2023
    perjantai 10. helmikuuta 2023 klo 9.52.55 UTC+2 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    keskiviikko 8. helmikuuta 2023 klo 11.34.45 UTC+2 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    maanantai 6. helmikuuta 2023 klo 11.25.16 UTC+2 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    sunnuntai 14. heinäkuuta 2019 klo 12.19.54 UTC+3 Hannu Poropudas kirjoitti:
    On Friday, July 12, 2019 at 10:25:33 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    On Thursday, July 11, 2019 at 11:00:09 AM UTC+3, Hannu Poropudas wrote:
    Age (c. 2.7 Ga OR c. 2.8-2.9 Ga ?) and exact locality (Upper limestone OR Lower limestone ?) of the Bulawayan Stromatolite Bul-7 ???

    Please, if some professional geologist like Prendergast or Wilson J. F.
    could help me to solve this old proble of age of the Bulawayan stromatolite ?

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    (amateur geologist)

    References:

    1. Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971.
    Biogenicity and Significance of the Oldest Known Stromatolites. Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485.

    (Text-fig. 1 – Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries (approx. 28 degrees 48 seconds East, approximately 19 degrees 43 seconds South), southwestern Rhodesia, showing sample localities.
    On this map there is marked dots of two dumps and one tailings pile (talus pile), p. 479.
    This later locality (dot) is origin of the sample Bul-7, collected from this talus pile
    by Kvenvolden K. A. Names for this same sample which exact origin locality (?) and age
    (approximately 2.7 Ga OR approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?) I’ am interested here,
    are Bul-7 (mentioned (1) on the p. 478), P.P.R.G 253 (Schopf’s edited book(2)) and UCLA-Bul-7 (Pannella Giorgio publication. Stromatolite’s Mode = 10-20-40 and Highest Count = 41. Astrophysics Space Science (?).)

    2. Bond G. Wilson J.F. Winnall N. J. 1973.
    Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites.
    Nature, vol. 244, August 3, 1973, pages 275-276.

    (Fig. 1. Field relations, Huntsman quarries. Map whuch shows how quarries is situated in respect of Upper limestone and banded ironstone (age approximately 2.7 Ga ?) and Lower limestone and banded ironsone (age approximately 2.8 – 2.9 Ga ?).


    Sample location of Bul-7 seems to be on side
    of Upper limestone and banded ironstone but Huntsman Limestone Quarries is mined or digged
    possible from Lower limestone and banded ironstone. The sample Bul-7 is loose rock from talus pile as Dr. Kvenvolden said to me with his email when I asked him.

    3. Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983.
    Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution.
    Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1983.
    Printed in the United States of America. 543 pages. pages 393-394.

    (Bulawayan Greenstone Belt, P.P.R.G. 253, N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7. Black stromatolitic carbonate, locality 206: stromatolitic fabric in Photo 8-9B.)

    I put reference of above mentioned Pannella G reference and
    all sample knowledge of Bul-7 or Bul-6/Bul-7 etc. here:

    References (of my 11.7.2019 sci.geo.geology article) continue here:

    4. Pannella Giorgio, 1972.
    Paleontological Evidence on the Earth´s Rotational History Since Early Precambrian.
    Astrophysics and Space Science, 16, (1972), pp. 212-237.
    Pages 220, 224, 229, 232, 234, 235-236, 237.
    (Bul-6/Bul-7, p. 224, UCLA-Bul-7, p. 232).

    Schopf J. W. Oehler D. Z. Horodyski R. J. and Kvenvolden K. A. 1971. Samples:

    Bul-5, Bul-9, Bul-8, Bul-3, “stromatolite”, Bul-1, Bul-2, Bul-7.

    Schopf J. W. (Editor), 1983. Samples:

    P.P.G.R. 206 = N.A.S.A. no. 7-3,
    P.P.G.R. 247 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-1,
    P.P.G.R. 248 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-2,
    P.P.G.R. 249 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-3,
    P.P.G.R. 250 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-4,
    P.P.G.R. 251 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-5,
    P.P.G.R. 253 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-7,
    P.P.G.R. 254 = N.A.S.A. no. Bul-9,
    P.P.G.R. 255 = (J.W.S. “Zwankendaba Limestone”).

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas
    Approximate locations of all Bulawayan stromatolite samples (Bul-7 etc.) H.P. 13.7.2019

    Two emails (marked to my notes on sides of pages of Schopf J.W. et all 1971 paper)
    From Keith A. Kvenvolden to me (Hannu Poropudas):

    Email 31.7.1998:

    “I collected this sample (Bul-7) (= P.P.R.G. 253 of J.W. Schopf´s collection number) From tailings of pile of the edge of Huntsman Quarry. The quarry was flooded at the time (1968). The exact coordinates were not determined. The age at the
    time was assumed to be 2.8 billion years. This is all the information I have. Good luck in your research. Keith A. Kvenvolden.”

    Email 22.8.1998:

    “Bul-7 came from one of the dumps. Keith A Kvenvolden.”

    -------------------------------------------------------

    I calculated approximate locations of these three locations (13.7.2019):

    On the map Text-Fig.1. Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), showing sample locations. 12 samples all together were collected. Two dots (two dump locations) and one dot (tailings pile) are marked. Page 479 in
    Schopf J.W. et all ref.

    When I looked these two maps (refs: Bond G. et all 1973 and Schopf J.W. et all 1971) I identified one fixed location (easily visible at times 1968 and 1971 and 1973, this is not any of samples) on both maps. I measured this from the first
    mentioned ref. and I got for this my origin as about (28.798 degrees East, 19.714 degrees South). I marked this on the map mentioned in the second ref. Now starting to look these three sample locations to navigate to these locations:

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 86 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 2.5 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    TALUS PILES: start from my origin above, go 85 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 18 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree).

    MINE DUMP: start from my origin above, go 68 meters, direction (west side from north) N – 79 degree (plus, minus 0.5 degree) .

    (about my origin above: South values are measured right side of Fig.1 (line drawn to the most right side of Fig.1 and right from the marking 19 degrees 43 seconds S). North values are measured above marking 28 degrees 48 seconds E from the line
    level just above “d” letter which is situated on the just left side situated word “and” this line cuts little of the Fig 1. drawn greenstone on the top of Fig 1. Small correction (0.23 centimeters above this line and this corresponds 22 meters)
    is needed to my orgin. So on the map this correction is 22 meters, but it corresponds 22/6378140 = 0.000003449 rad = 0.000197629 degrees. It is so small that it does not show itself with these accuracies. I have used also exact correspondence 1 yard = 0.
    9144 meter.)

    By the way Shopf J. W et all 1971 mentioned that maximum age of these Bulawayan stromatolites could be 3100 Ma (Wassenburg, Hayden and Jensen, 1956), but in this reference the age which was mentioned was 3310 Ma.
    (Wassenburg G.J. Hayden R.J. Jensen K.J. 1956.
    A^40-K^40 dating of igneous rocks and sediments.
    Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10:153-165.)

    (3310 Ma age mentioned for the age Potassium-Argon ratios measured a granitic boulder obtained from a conclomerate unit near the base of the Bulawayan Group at the Sebakwe River, 130 km northeast of Turk Mine.)

    Best Regards,

    Hannu Poropudas

    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu
    Finland

    (my email address hanp...@luukku.com is not in use
    and it has been so about one year so due heavy rubbish traffic
    from the net.)
    I found one recent reference about geological ages of the Zimbabwe Craton:

    REFERENCE:

    Jelsma, H., A., Nesbitt, R., W. and Fanning, C., M., 2021.
    Exploring our current understanding of the geological evolution
    and mineral endowment of the Zimbabwe Craton.
    South Africal Journal of Geology 124 (1): 279-310,
    March 2021. 33 pages.
    (Table 1./page 282. Stratigraphic nomenclature employed by
    various workers for the greenstone belts of Zimbabwe:
    MacGregor (1947,1951), Stagman (1978), Wilson (1979),
    *Wilson et al (1995)*, Jelsma et al (1998) and this study.)

    I prefer this *Wilson et al (1995)* reference and there
    Lower Bulawayan L4 is marked between M Marker and K Marker
    in the Table 1 (Jelsma H A et al 2021).

    I prefer also that UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite also is probably
    collected from the Lower Limestone (except one DUMP is approximately
    in the FAULT between Lower Limestones and Upper Limestones)
    which Lower Limestones I consider to be same as Lower Greenstones,
    when comparing Table 1 used names.

    If this would be true, then age of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite
    would be according *Wilson et al (1995)* column and L4 of the Table 1, between 2745 Ma (Manjeri Formation, Mutare tonalite 2741 Ma) and
    2803 Ma - 2788 Ma (Koodoovale Formation, Somabula tonalite 2752 Ma) ?

    2741Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2752 Ma ?

    CORRECTION: (If L4 would be correct place for UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite ?) 2788 Ma < age of the Bul-7 stromatolite < 2803 Ma ?

    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas, Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.
    I took more close look about historical names in stratigraphy of Zimbabwe:

    Macgregor 1947, 1951:
    Upper Series, Shamvaian System clastic deposits
    Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic
    Magnesian System, Sebakwian System

    Stagman 1978:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Bulawayan Group = Upper Bulawayan + Fault ? + Lower Bulawayan ( = this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Wilson 1979:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Upper Greenstones + Fault (Manjeri marker) + Lower Greenstones (= this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    (Upper Greenstones = (Maliyami) + Cheshire + Zeederbers + Reliance + Manjeri )
    (Lower Greenstones = Koodoovale + Fault (K marker) + Bend + Fault (B marker) + Hokonui )
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Foster 1979:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Group (this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Bulawayan Group = Upper Greenstones + Fault (Manjeri marker) + Lower Greenstones
    (Upper Greenstones = Calcalkaline + Bimodal Mixed + Basaltic + Komatic + Sedimentary )
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Wilson et al 1995:
    Great Dyke
    Shamvaian Supergroup = Upper Shamvaian Group + Lower Shamvaian Group ( = this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    (Lower Shamvaian Group = H + Fault (H marker) + U6 (?) )
    Bulawayan Supergroup + Fault (K marker) + Belingwean Supergroup ( = this is same as Lower Series, Bulawayan System mafic-felsic)
    (Bulawayan Supergroup (?) = Upper Bulawayan Group + Fault (M marker) + Lower Bulawayan Group)
    (Upper Bulawayan Group = U5 + U4W/U4E + U3 + U2 + U1 + Fault (M marker)) (Lower Bulawayan Group = Fault (M marker) + L4)
    (Belingwean Supergroup = Upper Belingwean Group + Fault (B marker) + Lower Belingwean Group)
    (Upper Belingwean Group = L3 + Fault (B marker))
    (Lower Belingwean Group = Fault (B marker) + L2 + L1)
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Informal:
    -
    Shamvaian Supergroup ( = this is same as Upper Series Shamvaian System clastic deposits )
    Ngezi Group (?) = Bulawayan Supergroup (?)
    Fault (K marker)
    Mtsingwe Group = Belingwean Supergroup
    Sebakwian Group (this is same as Magnesian System, Sebakwian System)

    Geochronology (Wilson et al 1995):
    Great Dyke: 2574+-2 Ma, East Dyke: 2574+-2 Ma, Umvimeela (West) Dyke: 2577+-2 Ma
    Upper Shamvaian Group: >2645 Ma
    H: Passaford Fm: 2643 Ma (2700 Ma?)
    ?U6: Lake Kyle vent: 2661 Ma, Porphyries: 2677-2666 Ma
    U5: Maliyami Fm: 2702 Ma
    U4W/U4E: What Cheer Fm: 2683 Ma, Avalon Fm: 2696 Ma, Maparu Fm: 2697 Ma U3: Surprise Fm: 2698 Ma, Zeederberg Fm: 2698 Ma
    U2: Reliance Fm: 2745 Ma, Sills: 2740-2733 Ma (Phurombuzi, Shangani)
    U1: Iron Mask Formation: 2715 Ma, Manjeri Fm: > 2745 Ma
    L4: Koodoovale Fm: 2803 - 2788 Ma, Arizona Fm: 2805 Ma
    L4 Fault (K marker): Eldorado Fm: 2799-2788 Ma
    L3: Brooklands Fm, Buchwa quartzite
    L2: Mafic Fm: 2880- 2870 Ma, Hokonui Fm: 2904 Ma
    L1: Manica felsic volcanics: 2990 Ma
    Sebakwian Group: > 3375 Ma.

    Intrusions (not copied here due this copy would be too long):
    -

    REFERENCE 1:
    Jelsma Hielke, 2019.
    Macgregor memorial lecture.
    15-17 May 2019, 61 pages. Page 30 (Current Understanding).

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    About location of the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite:

    REFERENCE 2:
    Bond, G., Wilson, J. F., Winnall, N. J., 1973. Age of the Huntsman Limestone (Bulawayan) Stromatolites).
    Nature Vol. 244, August 3 1973. pp. 275-276.

    "The Huntsman limestone was included without question in the lower part of the "Zwankendaba Group" of the Lower Series of the Volcanic Greenstone System, which
    later became the Bulawayan System (now Group)."

    "The succession in descending order is:

    Greenstone
    (dolerite sill) (intrusive)
    Greenstone
    Upper limestone
    Banded ironstone
    Lower limestone (with stromatolites)
    Quartz sericite schist."

    "From Fig. 1 (Field relations, Huntsman quarries, geologic map made by Winnall, N., J.):

    Zwankendaba Memember = ( Upper limestone and banded ironstone + Quartz-sericite schist +
    + Lower limestone and banded ironstone + Quartz-sericite schist)
    Lower Formation = Greenstone + Zwankendabe Member
    Bulawayan Group = Greenstone + Zwankendabe Member."

    ------------------------------------------------------------------ Stromatolite samples are collected from one TAILINGS of PILE and from two MINE DUMPS
    by K. V. Kvenvolden. TEXT-Fig. 1 - Map of Huntsman Limestone Quarries, southwestern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe),
    showing sample localities. p. 479, REFERENCE 3.

    These all are located in Lower limestone (except possible one MINE DUMP is at fault between
    Lower limestone and Upper limestone?).

    REFERENCE 3.
    Schopf, J., W., Oehler, D., Z., Horodyski, R., J., and Kvenvolden, K., A., 1971.
    Biogenicity and significance of the oldest known stromatolites.
    Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, No. 3, p. 477-485, PL. 56, 2 Text-Figs., May 1971.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    This Huntsman quarries in located in the Bubi Greenstone Belt, southwest Zimbabwe:

    REFERENCE 4.
    MhlangA Gilbert, (Master of Science Thesis), 2002.
    Data driveb predictive modelling for Archean lode gold potential,
    Bubi greenstone belt, southwestern Zimbabwe.
    International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. Enschede, The Netherlands.
    95 pages.

    Stratigraphy is on page 14, Figure 2.3: Lithological map of the Bubi greenstone belt., pp. 13-15.

    [ Other symbols on the map,
    c: Post Archean cover
    F: Felsite and quartz porphyry
    D: *Dolerite*
    H: Gabro
    G: massive granitoids
    S: Serpentinite and talc schist
    yi: *Banded iron Fm*
    yl: *Crystalline limestone*
    x: Ndutshana Formation (greywacke and arkose)
    xc: Ndutshana Formation (Conglomerate) ]

    Upper Bulawayan Group,
    y14: Dagmar Fm
    y13: Ednovean Fm
    y12: Dollar Block Fm
    y11: Courtleigh volcanic Fm

    Middle Bulawayan Group,
    y10a: Lonely Mine Fm (sedimentary unit)
    y10: Lonely Mine Fm (volcanic unit)
    y9: Esinangeni Fm
    y8: Ventnor Fm
    y7a: Mbembesi river Fm (volcanoclastic unit)
    y7: Mbembesi river Fm (volcanic unit)
    y6: *Zwangendaba Fm*
    y5: Sweetwater Fm
    y4: Inyati Fm

    Lower Bulawayan Group,
    y3: Bubi source Fm
    y2: Goodwood Fm
    y1: Kenilworth Fm

    [ Lowest,
    Gm: Migmatites and gneissic granitoids] ------------------------------------------------------------------
    At the end my question concerning the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite:
    Where in stratigraphy of Zimbabwe geology does (Bond G. et al 1973) *Lower limestone (with stromatolites)* belong?
    and what is the age estimation for Lower limestone (with stromatolites) ?

    Best Regards,
    Hannu Poropudas
    Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.
    If (MhlangA Gilbert, 2002 ) "Stratigraphy is on page 14, Figure 2.3: Lithological map of the Bubi greenstone belt., pp. 13-15."
    is correct then
    2715 Ma (age of the Iron Mask Formation) < Age of "Lower limestone (with stromatolites)" < 2788 Ma - 2803 Ma (age of the Koodoovale Formation) ?

    "Lower limestone (with stromatolites), (Bond, G., Wilson, J. F., Winnall, N. J., 1973)"

    It is my opinion that Bubi Greenstone Belt stratigraphy should somehow be taken into account also
    in the table of "CURRENT UNDERSTANDING" ?
    "(Jelsma Hielke, 2019. Macgregor memorial lecture.
    15-17 May 2019, 61 pages. Page 30 (Current Understanding). )"
    Hannu Poropudas,
    Kolamäentie 9E,
    90900 Kiiminki / Oulu,
    Finland

    I calulated astronomical data given by the UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite
    (Mode = 10-20-40, Highest Count = 41) with accounting above age estimation of mine:
    2715 Ma (age of the Iron Mask Formation) < Age of "Lower limestone (with stromatolites)" < 2788 Ma - 2803 Ma (age of the Koodoovale Formation) .

    From my TABLE 1, TABLE 2, TABLE 3 and TABLE 4 with my drawing figures about these :

    Age estimation with (Mode = 10-20-40, Highest Count = 41) is 2576.4 Ma - 2863.3 Ma which is taken from above TABLES.

    From my drawing figures (above mentioned):

    14.4 hours/day from period approximately 2600 Ma - 2800 Ma,
    615 days/year from period approximately 2620 Ma - 2800 Ma,
    41.2 days/month from period approximately 2640 Ma - 2800 Ma.

    I consider that these values suits well to the period:
    2715 Ma (age of the Iron Mask Formation) < Age of UCLE-Bul-7 stromatolite < 2788 Ma - 2803 Ma (age of the Koodoovale Formation) .

    So calculation goes here the same way as I have calculated Moodies Group (from Barberton Greenstone Belt) case
    (I posted this calculation with definitions, references and assumptions used also here earlier in
    sci.geo.geology or sci.astro groups, Google Groups):

    T' = 41.2
    t' = 14.4
    Y = 365.2422 (tropical year, this is assumed not changed significantly)

    T = T'/(1+T'/Y) =41.2/(1+41.2/365.2422) = 37.02

    t = t'/(1+t'/Y) = 13.85

    Solar days per sideric month (P):

    P = 37.02*13.85 h (present hours)= 512.727 h = 1845817.2 s (present seconds) = = 21.36 (present solar days).

    Approximate Earth-Moon distance:
    (G = 6.67*10^(-11)*N*m^2/kg^2,
    M = 5.974*10^24 * kg, Pi = 3.14159...)

    r = (G*M*P^2/(4*Pi^2))^(1/3) = 325189287.8 m = 325189.2878 km =
    = approximately 325000 km.

    This seems to be good fit also to the Moodies Group (age = 3225 Ma) case with same my drawing figures and my TABLES
    Earth_moon distance =
    = approximately 318000 km.

    So UCLA-Bul-7 stromatolite calculated astronomical data seems to be good fit my drawing figures and my TABLES testings.

    Best Regards, Hannu Poropudas, Kolamäentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki / Oulu, Finland.

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