Trendy nanoparticles, formerly archaic ions (chlorine, iodine, silver, peroxide/ozone, copper sulfate patina) all work by punching holes through
cell walls (bacteria, like plants, have cell walls instead of membranes) so that the body's defences or seemingly obsolete antibiotics can better attack. They may also disrupt viral and cancer pathways. Microbial cauna and some
virii have lipid bilayers which are disrupted by ions.

Glycerine (glycerol) is unique in that is has antibacterial as well as lubricative properties. It chemically belongs to the alcohol (-oh, -ol)
family but has been snubbed from membership by some. It has a long history
of being used to sanitise skin too sentitive for soap or alcohol. Of course, alcohol adds strength to it. Advent of sanitisers led stores to obscure glycerine. It seems they rely on 60% alcohol to do the bulk of the canitising and use the glucerol and aloe to protect the skin from alcohol burn. Soap and alcohol disrupt the lipid bilayer envelopes that protect virr like COVID.

Benzalconium chloride (BZK, Lysol, some towelletes, esp obstetric,
foaming sanitsers) is a potent antiviral. So potent that in its pure concentrated form it can fatally poison an entire city. It smells like
garbage (almond, chicken, & orange). A few years ago I picked up a
promotional sanitiser and when it really stunk, looked at the contents and remembered my HS chem teacher told us about a vial he had at FDA which he
joked could poison the water supply.

https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200310/know-the-symptoms-of-covid19
Fever: 88%
Dry cough: 68%
Fatigue: 38%
Coughing up sputum, or thick phlegm, from the lungs: 33%
Shortness of breath: 19%
Bone or joint pain: 15%
Sore throat: 14%
Headache: 14%
Chills: 11%
Nausea or vomiting: 5%
Stuffy nose: 5%
Diarrhea: 4%
Coughing up blood: 1%
Swollen eyes: 1%

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-what-happens-to-peoples-lungs-if-they-get-covid-19
WHO says about 80% of people with Covid-19 recover without needing any specialist treatment..
Guardian Australia spoke with Prof John Wilson, president-elect of the
Royal Australasian College of Physicians and a respiratory physician..
"In Wuhan, it worked out that from those who had tested
positive and had sought medical help, roughly 6% had a severe illness."
The WHO says the elderly and people with underlying problems like high
blood pressure, heart and lung problems or diabetes, are more likely to
develop serious illness.
When people with Covid-19 develop a cough and fever, Wilson says this
is a result of the infection reaching the respiratory tree - the air
passages that conduct air between the lungs and the outside.
He says: "The lining of the respiratory tree becomes injured, causing inflammation. This in turn irritates the nerves in the lining of the
airway. Just a speck of dust can stimulate a cough.
"But if this gets worse, it goes past just the lining of the airway and
goes to the gas exchange units, which are at the end of the air
passages.
"If they become infected they respond by pouring out inflammatory
material into the air sacs that are at the bottom of our lungs."
If the air sacs then become inflamed, Wilson says this causes an
"outpouring of inflammatory material [fluid and inflammatory cells]
into the lungs and we end up with pneumonia."
He says lungs that become filled with inflammatory material are unable
to get enough oxygen to the bloodstream, reducing the body's ability to
take on oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.

https://www.genengnews.com/news/coronavirus-treatment-could-lie-in-existing-drugs/

SBAAs could thus hold promise for treating infection with the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. "No vaccines and drugs are available for prevention
and treatment of coronavirus infections in humans," they stated.
"However, safe-in-man BSAAs could be effective against 2019-nCoV
[SARS-CoV-2 virus] and other coronaviruses." For example, they pointed
out, chloroquine and remdesivir effectively inhibited infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. "Moreover, teicoplanin, oritavancin,
dalbavancin, monensin, and emetine could be repurposed for treatment of 2019-nCoV infections," the team noted. "Oritavancin, dalbavancin, and
monensin are approved antibiotics, whereas emetine is an anti-protozoal
drug. These drugs have been shown to inhibit several corona- as well as
some other viral infections."

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41587-020-00003-1
Existing antivirals and knowledge gained from the SARS and MERS outbreaks
gain traction as the fastest route to fight the current coronavirus
epidemic.
Charlotte Harrison ..
Painter is more optimistic about Gilead’s investigational drug remdesivir,
a nucleotide analog antiviral, that blocks the RNA polymerase of the Ebola virus and so prevents replication. The thinking behind repurposing
remdesivir is that its broad antiviral activity may render it effective
against SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, remdesivir is in two clinical trials that began early February, with an estimated completion date of early April.

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2008127450A8/en
Linear expression cassette vaccines
The disclosure relates to a linear expression cassette (LEC) as a nucleic
acid based vector for producing a gene product of interest.

https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/australia-bcg-vaccine-trial-covid-19/


Researchers at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Australia
are set to conduct a randomised, multi-centre clinical trial to test
the use of tuberculosis vaccine BCG against Covid-19.

The BRACE trial is intended for healthcare workers. It is based on
previous study findings that BCG decreases the level of virus in
patients infected by viruses similar to SARS-CoV-2.


https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867418302319

Enveloped viruses enter cells by inducing fusion of viral and cellular membranes, a process catalyzed by a specialized membrane-fusion protein expressed on their surface. This review focuses on recent structural
studies of viral fusion proteins with an emphasis on their metastable
prefusion form and on interactions with neutralizing antibodies. The
fusion glycoproteins have been difficult to study because they are
present in a labile, metastable form at the surface of infectious
virions. Such metastability is a functional requirement, allowing these proteins to refold into a lower energy conformation while transferring
the difference in energy to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction.
Structural studies have shown that stable immunogens presenting the
same antigenic sites as the labile wild-type proteins efficiently
elicit potently neutralizing antibodies, providing a framework with
which to engineer the antigens for stability, as well as identifying
key vulnerability sites that can be used in next-generation subunit
vaccine design.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/researchers-identify-potential-coronavirus-vaccine-and-therapy-targets

This means that its genetic material is encoded in single-stranded RNA molecules surrounded by a cell membrane taken from the cell that it last infected.. In the case of coronaviruses, the first step requires that
specific proteins in the viral envelope, called spike (S) proteins, undergo a biochemical modification. This step is called S protein priming.. Poehlmann and his colleagues show evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein binds to the same receptor as the SARS virus S protein. The receptor is called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or ACE2.. the team also saw that, like SARS-CoV, the new coronavirus S protein uses an enzyme called TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Importantly, they showed that "camostat mesylate, an inhibitor of TMPRSS2, blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells." Camostat mesylate is a drug approved in Japan for the treatment of pancreatitis.

https://greece.greekreporter.com/2020/03/29/greek-researchers-study-available-drug-in-coronavirus-battle/

"We believe that timely administration (of colchicine) may reduce the aggressiveness of pneumonia and thus reduce the chances of the patient developing respiratory failure," stated Gerasimos Siasos Vice President
of the Athens School of Medicine and Associate Professor of Cardiology.

Siasos also added that colchicine will "reduce the likelihood of heart complications such as the myocardial injury observed in the majority of patients treated in intensive care units, or the prevention of episodes
of myocarditis of a complication observed in a proportion of patients
who died."


https://www.bostonscientific.com/content/gwc/en-US/boston-scientific-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic.html

Working with the University of Minnesota Bakken Medical Device Center
and industry collaborators to bring a ventilator alternative to market.
The machine is intended to work as a one-armed robot to pump an Ambu(R)
bag, replacing the need for manual respiration in emergency settings.

Collaborating with a global manufacturer of commercial ventilators to
source and produce product components, thereby expanding its supply
chain capacity to enable its increased production of transportable
ventilators.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/what-coronavirus-does-to-the-lungs

After a serious case of COVID-19, a patient's lungs can recover, but
not overnight. "Recovery from lung damage takes time," Galiatsatos
says. "There's the initial injury to the lungs, followed by scarring.
Over time, the tissue heals, but it can take three months to a year or
more for a person's lung function to return to pre-COVID-19 levels."


https://www.fiercebiotech.com/research/fast-moving-regeneron-eyes-summer-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-antibody-cocktail-therapy

The goal is to select the top two antibodies for a cocktail therapy, which
can either be administered to at-risk people before exposure as a vaccine or
as treatment for those already infected. If everything goes as planned, Regeneron aims to enter clinical studies by early summer.. Regeneron's SARS-CoV-2 antibodies will target the spike protein in an attempt to block
the interaction of the virus with the host.







- = -
Vasos Panagiotopoulos, Columbia'81+, Reagan, Mozart, Pindus
blog: panix.com/~vjp2/ruminatn.htm - = - web: panix.com/~vjp2/vasos.htm
facebook.com/vasjpan2 - linkedin.com/in/vasjpan02 - biostrategist.com
---{Nothing herein constitutes advice. Everything fully disclaimed.}---

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