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  • Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals

    From erik simpson@21:1/5 to All on Wed May 17 15:58:02 2023
    Abstract

    A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for the evolution of complex neural systems and
    other animal-specific traits1,2,3,4,5,6. Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence collections have not been able to definitively answer this question7,8,9,10,11. Here we develop
    chromosome-scale gene linkage, also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this question12. We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a
    choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes
    share ancestral metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic clade to the exclusion of
    ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust and
    unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep, recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our understanding of animal evolution.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05936-6 (open access)

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Popping Mad@21:1/5 to erik simpson on Thu May 18 08:42:13 2023
    On 5/17/23 18:58, erik simpson wrote:
    Abstract

    A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for the evolution of complex neural systems and
    other animal-specific traits1,2,3,4,5,6. Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence collections have not been able to definitively answer this question7,8,9,10,11. Here we develop
    chromosome-scale gene linkage, also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this question12. We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a
    choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes
    share ancestral metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic clade to the exclusion of
    ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust and
    unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep, recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our understanding of animal evolution.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05936-6 (open access)


    Greatr article! Does either of thesse lineages lead to current cordatges?

    <<placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals>>


    Alien life forms....

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Popping Mad on Thu May 18 08:01:46 2023
    On Thursday, May 18, 2023 at 5:45:02 AM UTC-7, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 5/17/23 18:58, erik simpson wrote:
    Abstract

    A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for the evolution of complex neural systems and
    other animal-specific traits1,2,3,4,5,6. Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence collections have not been able to definitively answer this question7,8,9,10,11. Here we develop
    chromosome-scale gene linkage, also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this question12. We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a
    choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes
    share ancestral metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic clade to the exclusion of
    ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust and
    unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep, recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our understanding of animal evolution.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05936-6 (open access)
    Greatr article! Does either of thesse lineages lead to current cordatges? <<placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals>>
    Alien life forms....

    What is "cordatges"? If you mean dates, thry're hard to come by. Reliable fossil dating, even for sponges is
    only available in very late Ediacaran or early Cambrian. It's very likely that the ctenophore - all other metazoan
    split happened ~800 Mya, but crown clades' LCA is only a few 100 Mya. It's easier to lose charateristics through
    evolutionary processes than to regain them, so we have no idea what the easliest ctenophores and sponges "looked
    like".

    As for alien life forms, there's no evidence yet for them. I'm hoping Mars or other solar system locations might
    provide a glimpse before I leave the stage.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to All on Sat May 20 08:04:12 2023
    On Saturday, May 20, 2023 at 7:36:14 AM UTC-7, *Hemidactylus* wrote:
    erik simpson <eastsi...@gmail.com> wrote:
    On Thursday, May 18, 2023 at 5:45:02 AM UTC-7, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 5/17/23 18:58, erik simpson wrote:
    Abstract

    A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or
    ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals. >>> These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for >>> the evolution of complex neural systems and other animal-specific
    traits1,2,3,4,5,6. Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on
    morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence
    collections have not been able to definitively answer this
    question7,8,9,10,11. Here we develop chromosome-scale gene linkage,
    also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this >>> question12. We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and >>> two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a >>> choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that
    serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies >>> that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular
    relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes share ancestral
    metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share >>> derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite >>> sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic >>> clade to the exclusion of ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the
    sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by
    sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and
    irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust
    and unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister
    hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep, >>> recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our
    understanding of animal evolution.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05936-6 (open access)
    Greatr article! Does either of thesse lineages lead to current cordatges? >> <<placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals>>
    Alien life forms....

    What is "cordatges"? If you mean dates, thry're hard to come by.
    Reliable fossil dating, even for sponges is
    only available in very late Ediacaran or early Cambrian. It's very
    likely that the ctenophore - all other metazoan
    split happened ~800 Mya, but crown clades' LCA is only a few 100 Mya.
    It's easier to lose charateristics through
    evolutionary processes than to regain them, so we have no idea what the easliest ctenophores and sponges "looked
    like".

    As for alien life forms, there's no evidence yet for them. I'm hoping
    Mars or other solar system locations might
    provide a glimpse before I leave the stage.

    Chordates? Echinoderms are much closer as deuterostomes.

    The earliest chordates show up in the lower Cambrian ~540 MYa, but are already quite
    derived. The protostome-deauterostome (Echinoderms and we are in there) split occurred
    before ~556 MYa since Kimberella (probably a protostome) is found then. Even if Kimberella
    is actually a stem Bilaterian, Chordates probably originated in the mid-Ediacaran, ~ 250 My after
    the Ctenophore-Sponge divergence.

    Considering how long it took (~4Gy) to get to Metazoa at all, subsequent things happened pretty
    quickly. If aliens were involved, all bets are off.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From *Hemidactylus*@21:1/5 to erik simpson on Sat May 20 14:36:02 2023
    erik simpson <eastside.erik@gmail.com> wrote:
    On Thursday, May 18, 2023 at 5:45:02 AM UTC-7, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 5/17/23 18:58, erik simpson wrote:
    Abstract

    A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or
    ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals.
    These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for
    the evolution of complex neural systems and other animal-specific
    traits1,2,3,4,5,6. Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on
    morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence
    collections have not been able to definitively answer this
    question7,8,9,10,11. Here we develop chromosome-scale gene linkage,
    also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this
    question12. We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and
    two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a
    choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that
    serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies
    that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular
    relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes share ancestral
    metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share
    derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite
    sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic
    clade to the exclusion of ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the
    sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by
    sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and
    irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust
    and unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister
    hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep,
    recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our
    understanding of animal evolution.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05936-6 (open access)
    Greatr article! Does either of thesse lineages lead to current cordatges?
    <<placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals>>
    Alien life forms....

    What is "cordatges"? If you mean dates, thry're hard to come by.
    Reliable fossil dating, even for sponges is
    only available in very late Ediacaran or early Cambrian. It's very
    likely that the ctenophore - all other metazoan
    split happened ~800 Mya, but crown clades' LCA is only a few 100 Mya.
    It's easier to lose charateristics through
    evolutionary processes than to regain them, so we have no idea what the easliest ctenophores and sponges "looked
    like".

    As for alien life forms, there's no evidence yet for them. I'm hoping
    Mars or other solar system locations might
    provide a glimpse before I leave the stage.

    Chordates? Echinoderms are much closer as deuterostomes.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to All on Tue May 23 20:33:55 2023
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    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Popping Mad@21:1/5 to erik simpson on Tue May 23 23:29:12 2023
    On 5/18/23 11:01, erik simpson wrote:
    On Thursday, May 18, 2023 at 5:45:02 AM UTC-7, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 5/17/23 18:58, erik simpson wrote:
    Abstract

    A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for the evolution of complex neural systems and
    other animal-specific traits1,2,3,4,5,6. Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence collections have not been able to definitively answer this question7,8,9,10,11. Here we develop
    chromosome-scale gene linkage, also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this question12. We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a
    choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes
    share ancestral metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic clade to the exclusion of
    ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust and
    unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep, recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our understanding of animal evolution.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05936-6 (open access)
    Greatr article! Does either of thesse lineages lead to current cordatges?
    <<placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals>>
    Alien life forms....

    What is "cordatges"?

    CORDATES

    things with spines?



    If you mean dates, thry're hard to come by. Reliable fossil dating,
    even for sponges is
    only available in very late Ediacaran or early Cambrian. It's very likely that the ctenophore - all other metazoan
    split happened ~800 Mya, but crown clades' LCA is only a few 100 Mya. It's easier to lose charateristics through
    evolutionary processes than to regain them, so we have no idea what the easliest ctenophores and sponges "looked
    like".

    As for alien life forms, there's no evidence yet for them. I'm hoping Mars or other solar system locations might
    provide a glimpse before I leave the stage.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)