• Homoeopathic Diet and the Sketch of a Complete Image of the Disease

    From =?UTF-8?B?4oqZ77y/4oqZ?=@21:1/5 to All on Fri Mar 17 18:31:19 2017
    On Wednesday, February 1, 2017 at 12:17:53 PM UTC-6, 23x wrote:
    Homoeopathic Diet and the Sketch of a Complete Image of the Disease so as to Make Possible its Cure by Homoeopathy.

    The Lesser Writings of C.M.F. Von Boenninghausen
    By Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen

    The Lesser Writings of C.M.F. Von Boenninghausen
    Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen
    Boericke & Tafel, 1908 - Homeopathy - 350 pages


    https://books.google.com/books?id=3_FLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA268&lpg=PA268&dq=Homoeopathic+Diet+and+the+Sketch+of+a+Complete+Image+of+the+Disease+so+as+to+Make+Possible+its+Cure+by+Homoeopathy.&source=bl&ots=_6ClsRH78D&sig=fUqnzIm9N979JckZjtZ9nSWUbww&hl=en&sa=X&
    ved=0ahUKEwj968mHuO7RAhWO2YMKHU-uBtQQ6AEIDjAB#v=onepage&q=Homoeopathic%20Diet%20and%20the%20Sketch%20of%20a%20Complete%20Image%20of%20the%20Disease%20so%20as%20to%20Make%20Possible%20its%20Cure%20by%20Homoeopathy.&f=false




    Homoeopathic Diet and the Sketch of a Complete

    Image of the Disease so as to Make Possible

    its Cure by Homoeopathy.

    Published for the Lay Public.

    Second Augmented Edition, Miinster, 1833.
    Priedrich Regentberg.

    Preface.

    In answer to a frequently expressed wish, we have in this re-
    print of the two pamphlets which formerly appeared separately
    (namely, on Homoeopathic Diet and the sketch of this complete
    image of the disease) joined the two together, after having made
    such additions and changes as appeared useful or necessary.

    The continued lack of Homoeopathic physicians, in spite of the
    continued spread of this curative method, may have been the
    cause why a large edition of these pamphlets was so soon ex-
    hausted, and that there is a frequent call for the work. Patients
    who live at a distance from Homoeopathic physicians have contin-
    ual need both of the one pamphlet and the other, since the Ho-



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMOEOPATHIC DIBT. 269

    moec^thic physicians are so busily occupied that it is absolutely
    impossibk for tbem to satisfy all the calls for information on
    these heads by written direction.

    It is of course always best if the physician can see the patient
    himself, as he will then notice many things which cannot so well
    be expressed so distinctly and definitely in any report; he will also
    then be able to confine himself to some few questions which will
    decide the choice of the remedy that is most suitable. Such a sep.
    aration of the essential from the non-essential cannot be expected
    from one who is not a physician, and he must on that account
    communicate everything at all morbid which he has observed in
    himself. Nevertheless it is always advisable that the physician,
    wherever it is at all feasible, should draw up the first sketch of
    the image of the disease (especially in chronic troubles), after
    this by the help of this guide the later communications can easily
    be given with the necessary completeness.

    As to diet, of late a certain indulgence has been granted, which
    is not always to be approved of, and where there is any doubt, it
    is surely better to be a little too strict than to be too indulgent, as experience has frequently shown that the injuries caused by in-
    dulgence are diflScult to repair.

    Miinster, June, 1833.

    C. V. B.



    General Homoeopathic Diet.

    '' In view of the minimal doses of medicines which are at once
    so necessary and so useful in Homoeopathic treatment, it may easily
    be understood that everything in the diet and the order of man's
    life must be removed which might at all have a medicinal e£Fect,
    in order that the minimal doses may not be overcome and extin-
    guished or at least be disturbed.*' — S, Hahnemann's Organon,

    §259.

    It is not the diet which the Homoeopathic physician prescribes
    which restores the patient's health. Only gross ignorance or the
    intentional spreading of an untruth can claim that, as opponents
    of this curative method sometimes do, that it is merely the Ho-
    moeopathic diet which avails; to which the humiliating answer is
    frequently given that in such a case the allopaths act in an inde-
    fensible manner in not imposing an equally strict diet.



    Digitized by



    Google



    270 HOMCBOPATHIC DIET.

    Although it is undeniable that certain diseases (limited in their
    period) pass over without danger if the proper diet is observed,
    yet this cannot be called a cure, since its duration is not short-
    ened in this manner. But these very diseases are the ones which
    most allopaths keep for themselves, while they are willing to
    hand over the chronic diseases (/. ^., those diseases which, with-
    out a healing medicine at most, only change their form, but only
    come to an end with the last breath of the patient), for they
    know that the cure in such cases is difficult and can be expected
    to result not from the diet, but only from an effective medicine.

    The paragraph of the Organon which we have quoted above
    gives us the only point of view from which the Diet of Homoeo-
    pathy is to be considered. This ought to bring back man, espe-
    cially th^sickmdJi, to a natural mode of living and should prevent
    the disturbance of the action of the medicine prescribed for his
    cure by other medicinal irritants. On this account there is no
    prescription as to the quantity of food to be taken, since the
    wants and the inclination of the patient in this respect supply the
    correct standard. Only the kind of food to be taken is defined by
    the physician, and this the more since in the usual mode of living
    of civilized people the medicinal condiments, with articles of food
    otherwise harmless, are so customary that we seldom find them
    pure. And yet it is plain that every article of food ought to be
    free from medicinal virtue, since this causes variations in his con-
    dition, and thus must make healthy men more or less ill, even if
    this should be only transitory.

    Starting from this position. Homoeopaths in their dietetic
    directions would at first naturally forbid many things which
    later experience caused ihem to see are less injurious. The long
    continued use of many medicinal substances in many cases dulls
    the susceptibility for them, so that the vital force eventually is no
    more affected thereby. Even more important in this direction is
    the observation frequently made, that as a rule only such medici- •
    nal substances act in a disturbing manner, on substances given
    before as have Homoeopathic relation to it, /. e,, which have the
    virtue and tendency of producing similar effects on healthy per-
    sons. On this alone the antidotal virtue rests which a number of
    medicines show, and by this may be explained how it comes
    that many an otherwise antidotal substance passes by without caus-
    ing any disturbance, if it only leaves untouched the present mor-
    bidly excited parts of the organism on which the medicine is in-
    tended to act.



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMCEOPATHIC DIET. 271

    Otherwise it has become known by many facts and observa-
    tions that even the potencies which are at this day carried higher,
    and which are the especial offence and object of ridicule of in-
    vestigators, who merely speculate and have become alienated
    from quiet experiments, have so much increased the intensity
    (doubtless immaterial) of the medicinal virtue that all grossly
    material influences can affiect it but little or not at all.

    All this is now, of course, taken into consideration in the diet to
    be, observed, and Homoeopaths have on this account been able to
    yield a good deal of late, which they had to forbid before, from
    fear of doing harm. This is especially the case with chronic
    patients, who are forbidden, besides the actual medicines of all
    kinds, only coffee and strong iea^ heating drinks, imported spices
    and strong odors, especially that of Camphor.

    Nevertheless, it may not be ivithout its use to enumerate for the
    patient, as well as for healthy persons, everything which in any
    way has medicinal virtues, and which in consequence may act in-
    juriously on the health or which may injuriously act on the
    medicines taken. There are also so many acute diseases, as also
    some of the chronic diseases, which cause a great susceptibility
    for such disturbing influences and the excess of which even at
    times amounts to actual idiosyncracies. We» therefore, subjoin a
    pretty complete list, as well of things allowed as of things forbid-
    den, with the remark that the exceptions permitted according to
    the nature of the disease and the Homoeopathic medicines used is
    left most safely to the physician in charge; but whatever is
    printed in capitals (/. ^., doubly underscored) must usually be
    entirely avoided.



    Food Permitted.

    I. MEAT.

    Beef, mutton, venison of all kinds (but it must not have the
    haut gout), even the meat of the wild boars and their young,
    raw hams, not the fat, chickens, turkeys, capons (which have
    not been fattened too much), grown pigeons, not too young, and,
    with patients who are not suffering from troubles of the stomach
    or the bowels, also occasionally some roast veal is not in-
    jurious. But these meats, as well as all other food permitted.



    Digitized by



    Google



    272 HOMCKOPATHIC DIBT.

    must not be spcnled by being seasoned with medicinal sub*
    stances (e. g.» spices). Jelly, also prepared without spices, as
    well as smoked and pickled meat, are also permitted.

    Pish are to be eaten only in moderation, and only at noon, not
    in the evening. The fish most easily borne are carp, pike, trout,
    crucian, barbel, tench, white fish, gudgeons, mullet, etc., if
    they are quite fresh and prepared in a simple manner. Less to
    be recommended, especially where there are stomach or cutaneous
    troubles, are the seafish, as well the pickled and smoke kinds, as
    also oysters are only admissible if they have been properly soaked
    in fresh water, and all have to be partaken of very sparingly.

    Of other animal food there are also permitted butter, raw or
    soft-boiled eggs, milk, which is most safe if first boiled (since it frequently contains medicinal virtues from the food of the
    animals), butter-milk, clabber, wkey, fresh cheese (not odor-
    ous), and unseasoned, or, still better, cottage-cheese.

    II. VEGBTABI.ES.

    Well-baked and unspiced bread of clean wheat, without any
    harmful admixtures of ergot and darnel, and baked without the
    addition of potash, as also all dishes made of flour without spices
    and not too fat, are harmless. Rye-bread generally agrees better
    with patients than wheat-bread; even pumpernickel does not
    harm those that have been used to it.

    Among the vegetables permitted are potatoes, ground-nuts,
    cole-rabi, beets, cauliflower, cabbage and kale, spinach, legu-
    minous plants, carrots, oyster- plants, parsnips and turnips, when
    they are prepared without spices and with only a moderate
    amount of fat. So also the prepared vegetables, as sour-krout,
    pickled beans, etc., are harmless. To this class also belong rice,
    maize, grits and groats of wheat, oats and barley, as also millet,
    peas, lentils and beans; the latter, because they cause flatulence,
    must often be used very moderately; then also sago and salep.

    Also the salads which are cooked, but not the raw salads, may
    be eaten; so also some of the potherbs lose their medicinal virtues
    by cooking, and may then be used without injury, though it will
    be safest to do without them.

    III. FRUIT.

    As a rule, all fruit when fulJy ripe, if the sweet varieties, arc
    chosen, may be safely eaten, either cooked or raw. Among these



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMCEOPATHIC DIET. 273

    we would especially enumerate: cherries, peaches, apricots (but
    all these cooked without their stones), apples, pears, grapes,
    raspberries, mulberries, melons, pumpkins, oranges (used with-
    out their peelings), pineapples, dates, figs and gooseberries. In
    most cases, but not always, currants may be eaten, as also straw-
    berries, cooked cranberries and whortleberries, cooked quinces
    and fresh walnuts and hazelnuts. Just as harmless are preseryed
    fruits, when put up with pure sugar, as also iced fruits, unless
    the same should be forbidden, owing to their coldness, where
    there is weakness of the stomach.

    IV. BEVERAGES.

    The most natural and harmless drink is pure water that has
    been boiled and afterward cooled again; this may be rendered
    agreeable to the taste by adding sugar, raspberry juice, toast, or
    anv condiments which are not forbidden.

    Next to this we would place milk, with butter-milk and whey,
    though the latter must be freed from its medicinal qualities by
    boiling.

    Besides these there are permitted small- beer, which is not
    brewed too strong and has well fermented, as also the other
    beers similarly prepared, unspiced hot beer, decoctions of dried
    fruits, the gruel of oats, barley or rice, unspiced chocolate, tea of
    cocoa shells, milk of almonds (but without any bitter almonds in
    it); then also broth of beef, of chickens and of pigeons, which
    must also be unseasoned and not too fat.

    Whoever thinks that they cannot do without some drink like
    coflFee, besides chocolate, may without ill effects drink a decoction
    of toasted carrots, wheat, rye or barley, but there must not be
    any addition of coffee, chickory or Swedish coffee- vetches.

    In most of the chronic diseases a mixture of five parts of water
    with one part of wine may be used as a daily beverage.

    Vinegar, even if quite pure and unadulterated, can never be
    used as a beverage and seldom as an addition to it.

    V. TOII.ET ARTICLES.

    Among these but few can be granted to the Homoeopathic
    public.

    Instead of pomade a piece of raw pork-fat, where a great dry-
    ness df the hair sets in.
    i8



    Digitized by



    Google



    274 HOMCKOPATHIC DIET.

    For cleaning the teeth, the patient should use pure water and
    finely powdered charcoal, or the coal trom burned bread, without
    the addition of any perfume.

    Instead of fumigating the rooms, a frequent airing of the rooms
    and cleanliness in the same must serve.

    For baths we substitute a quick washing off with clear water
    and unperf umed white soap.

    Finally whoever is accustomed to the use of tobacco need not
    give it up altogether, but it will be well to moderate an excessive
    use of the same.

    VI. CJLOTHING AND MODE OF UFE.

    The clothing ef the patient ought to be comfortable, and no
    warmer and thicker than feels comfortable to him.

    Moderate exercise, especially in the open air, is very desirable;
    even a dance in pleasant company, if not too exhausting, and
    when the strength permits it, will not as a rule prove harmful to
    the chronic patient.

    As a rule he ought to retain as much as possible his accustomed
    mode of living, in so far as this is not opposed to the express di-
    rections; he should sleep, eat and drink according to his desire,
    neither more nor less; he should not withdraw from any innocent
    social amusement; the endeavor should be to keep the mind as
    well as the body in as comfortable a state as possible, which
    furthers the cure more surely than any compulsion would do.
    He should seek to fill out his time as far as possible with light
    and pleasant employments.

    Rare exceptions from the present general rules must be left to
    the determination of the physician in the particular cases.

    Forbidden Food.

    I. MEAT.

    Very young or soft boiled veal, fat pork, the meat of ducks and
    geese (the latter three are especially harmful in cutaneous dis-
    orders), liver, kidneys and brain; any meat which is very fat or
    such as has become medicinal by the addition of spices or piquant
    sauces, e.g., sausages, sour roast of rabbits or geese, beefsteak,
    carbonades, field fares, larks and all animals that have become
    excessively fat through fattening.



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMOEOPATHIC DIET. 275

    As to fish, it is safest to avoid them altogether. The most in-
    jurious are eel and salmon, both when fresh and when smoked or
    pickled; caviar, cod-fish, turtles and shrimps. The roe and the
    milt of certain fish have been found, particularly harmful, espe-
    cially those of HERRINGS, perch and barbs.

    Other animal food that must be avoided is hard boiled tggs,
    things baked from eggs, raw milk, cream, old stinking or highly
    seasoned cheese, especially Limburger cheese and grbbn chbbsb,
    and honey.

    II. VBGBTABLES.

    First of all, all vegetable food and salads which are not cooked
    are forbidden, with the single exception of the fruit which was
    not excepted above. Then also all bread which has not been well
    fermented, or is sticky, or badly raised, or such as is impure from
    spices, potash, soap, ergot, darnel or cockle. So also all cakes
    and cookies, especially such as are very rich, or prepared with
    spices, honey and the like, and such as are decorated with metallio
    leaflets or colors, which are often actually poisonous.

    Among the injurious vegetables are chestnuts, old cole-rabi.
    beets, artichokes, asparagus, shoots of hops, corn-salad, parsley,
    chervil, chickory, rub, garden-cress, water-cress, horse-radish (so
    long as it remains sharp), onions of all kinds, wood-sorrel,
    orache celery, purslane, mustard, large and small radishes,
    truffles, morils and champignons, etc.

    So also ALL spices whatever name they may have and whether
    belonging to the exotic and dry class or to the potherbs, are all
    to be avoided, as they all have more or less medicinal properties.
    Among the former are cinnamon, saffron, ginger, pepper,

    NUTMEG, VANILLA, RED PEPPER, BAY LEAVES, SOYA, LEMONS,

    CITRON, BITTER ALMONDS, etc. ; but in the latter class we enumer-
    ate marjoram, thyme, sage, basilicum, balm-mint, etc. All food
    (also sauces, cakes, preserves and ice-creams) containing such in-
    gredients thereby acquire more or less medicinal powers, which
    can only act in a disturbing or even destructive manner on the
    dose of Homoeopathic medicine, and they must therefore be
    avoided.

    III. FRUIT.

    Unripe fruit and frequently also acid fruit does not agree with
    Homoeopathic treatment. The patient must, therefore, not only



    Digitized by



    Google



    276 HOMCEOPATHIC DIET.

    abstain from unripe fruit, but also, in cases which will be more
    closely pointed out by the physician, from currants, strawberries
    and medlars, as also from the acid varieties of apples, pears and
    cherries, and from lemons.

    To this class also belong cucumbers, which must usually be
    forbidden, as also raw cranberries and whortleberries, haws,
    elderberries, raw quinces, old English walnuts, stale hazelnuts,
    almonds (especially the bitter ones), olives and St. John's
    bread.

    IV. BEVERAGES.

    Among beverages, coffee, distinguished by its quality of anti-
    doting by far the greater number of medicines and powerfully
    affecting the whole organism, stands first as forbidden, and can
    never be permitted. The same must be said of the coffee which
    is prepared from chickory, from acorns or from the Swedish
    coffee- vetch.

    Less injurious, but nevertheless but rarely permitted, is the
    common Chinese tea, whether green or black. So also all the
    decoctions prepared from elder-flowers, chamomilla, bal-

    DRIAN, speedwell, millefolium, MELISSA. PEPPERMINT, FEN-
    NEL, ANISE, COUCHGRASS, LIPER'S HERBS, PECTORAL TEA, ICE-
    LANDIC MOSS, are among the forbidden enjoyments, as all of them
    have more or less medicinal qualities, and would also counteract
    the Homoeopathic doses.

    Furtheimore, we have to avoid all the so-called strong

    DRINKS, e. g. WINE, COGNAC, ARAC, BRANDY, RUM, LIQUERS OF
    ALL KINDS, BISHOP. PUNCH. CARDINAL, GROG, CHANDEAU,

    SPICED WINE, BIRCH-BEER, MEAD etc, and especially all the
    ELIXIRS, CORDIALS, BITTERS, which are often injurious even to
    healthy persons, and all of which contain more or less of medi-
    cinal virtue.

    Beer, which is otherwise quite harmless, when pure and un-
    adulterated, often has imparted to it deleterious qualities by the
    addition of stupefying, intoxicating and heating herbs, which
    make it injurious to the health. Therefore, such beers, as well
    as double beer, and beers compounded with ginger, ledum
    or other spices, are forbidden.

    Furthermore, during Homoeopathic treatment all vegetable
    ACIDS (the juice of lemons, wood-sorrel, common sorrel, bar-
    berries, sour apples, sour cherries, etc.), and all kinds of vin-



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMOEOPATHIC DIET. 277

    HGAR, HERB-VINEGARS, compounded with sharp substances or
    spices, as also the sauces prepared therewith, or salads and other
    dishes, are vetoed.

    V. TOII.ET ARTICLES.

    Besides the substances above mentioned, luxury and fashion
    have introduced many things into life, especially into the life of
    the well-to-do portion of humanity, which not only in no way
    comport with Homoeopathic diet, but exert even a hurtful in-
    fluence on healthy persons, while many are ignorant of their
    cause.

    Among these are the many^ kinds of perfumes made of amber-
    gris, musk and many kinds of ethereal oils, as also similar
    pomades, soaps, smelling mixtures and washes, naphthas, eau de
    cologne, oil of macassar, rouge and other paints and whatever
    else these superfluities may be called.

    Besides these, we find tooth powders, tooth washes and
    ESSENCES made from medicinal substances (quinine, sandal-wood,
    cascarilla, ambergris, cream of tartar, magnesia, etc.), and these
    must be avoided.

    Then also all fumigation by whatever means this may be
    effected (fumigating powder, pastils, vinegar, juniper berries, in-
    cense, etc.), and even the smelling of lighted sulphur matches
    and other matches, or the smoke of extinguished tapers and
    lamps ought to be avoided. Snuff also is disallowed all the more
    since it usually contains also other ingredients of a medicinal
    nature.

    Finally we should abstain from baths of all kinds, even the
    warm foot-baths, and especially such as have herbs, ashes or
    similar substances added to the water, so all in all, external ap-
    plications, ointments, EMBROCATIONS, PILLOWS OF HERBS, FO-
    MENTATIONS, vesicatorihs, etc., which are all of them injurious,
    or, at best, useless. The same applies without exception to all
    domestic remedies. Most carefully should we guard against
    the smell of camphor, which suppresses nearly all medicines.

    VI. CLOTHING AND MODE OF LIFE.

    In general, all excess is injurious, as well in having the cloth-
    ing too light as in having it too heavy, the comfort of the patitnt
    is almost the only criterion.



    Digitized by



    Google



    278 THE CURE OF ASIATIC CHOLERA.

    Besides this, ear-rings and necklaces of amber, corals, jet, hips,
    fruits of various kinds, or perfumed substances, even those made
    of metals, are injurious, because they are not without medicinal
    virtues, and they must therefore be avoided. In rare cases the
    same may be said of dyed clothes, especially those dyed black, as
    these frequently act in a disturbing manner, so that it is advisable
    never to bring them into juxtaposition with the body without
    intervening linen.

    With respect to the mind and spirit, everything passionate and
    straining is very injurious, and should be carefully avoided. Not
    only vexation, grief, fright, anger, etc., but also excessive joy
    and other pleasant affections act in a disturbing manner. So also
    every strenuous exertion of the mind through reading, and espe-
    cially through card-playing, is forbidden ; but also ennui, which
    induces all manner of thoughts about the state of health.


    https://archive.org/details/lesserwritingsc00unkngoog

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From =?UTF-8?B?4oqZ77y/4oqZ?=@21:1/5 to All on Mon Apr 24 02:00:51 2017
    On Friday, March 17, 2017 at 8:31:20 PM UTC-5, ⊙_⊙ wrote:
    On Wednesday, February 1, 2017 at 12:17:53 PM UTC-6, 23x wrote:
    Homoeopathic Diet and the Sketch of a Complete Image of the Disease so as to Make Possible its Cure by Homoeopathy.

    The Lesser Writings of C.M.F. Von Boenninghausen
    By Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen

    The Lesser Writings of C.M.F. Von Boenninghausen
    Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen
    Boericke & Tafel, 1908 - Homeopathy - 350 pages


    https://books.google.com/books?id=3_FLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA268&lpg=PA268&dq=Homoeopathic+Diet+and+the+Sketch+of+a+Complete+Image+of+the+Disease+so+as+to+Make+Possible+its+Cure+by+Homoeopathy.&source=bl&ots=_6ClsRH78D&sig=fUqnzIm9N979JckZjtZ9nSWUbww&hl=en&sa=
    X&ved=0ahUKEwj968mHuO7RAhWO2YMKHU-uBtQQ6AEIDjAB#v=onepage&q=Homoeopathic%20Diet%20and%20the%20Sketch%20of%20a%20Complete%20Image%20of%20the%20Disease%20so%20as%20to%20Make%20Possible%20its%20Cure%20by%20Homoeopathy.&f=false




    Homoeopathic Diet and the Sketch of a Complete

    Image of the Disease so as to Make Possible

    its Cure by Homoeopathy.

    Published for the Lay Public.

    Second Augmented Edition, Miinster, 1833.
    Priedrich Regentberg.

    Preface.

    In answer to a frequently expressed wish, we have in this re-
    print of the two pamphlets which formerly appeared separately
    (namely, on Homoeopathic Diet and the sketch of this complete
    image of the disease) joined the two together, after having made
    such additions and changes as appeared useful or necessary.

    The continued lack of Homoeopathic physicians, in spite of the
    continued spread of this curative method, may have been the
    cause why a large edition of these pamphlets was so soon ex-
    hausted, and that there is a frequent call for the work. Patients
    who live at a distance from Homoeopathic physicians have contin-
    ual need both of the one pamphlet and the other, since the Ho-



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMOEOPATHIC DIBT. 269

    moec^thic physicians are so busily occupied that it is absolutely
    impossibk for tbem to satisfy all the calls for information on
    these heads by written direction.

    It is of course always best if the physician can see the patient
    himself, as he will then notice many things which cannot so well
    be expressed so distinctly and definitely in any report; he will also
    then be able to confine himself to some few questions which will
    decide the choice of the remedy that is most suitable. Such a sep.
    aration of the essential from the non-essential cannot be expected
    from one who is not a physician, and he must on that account
    communicate everything at all morbid which he has observed in
    himself. Nevertheless it is always advisable that the physician,
    wherever it is at all feasible, should draw up the first sketch of
    the image of the disease (especially in chronic troubles), after
    this by the help of this guide the later communications can easily
    be given with the necessary completeness.

    As to diet, of late a certain indulgence has been granted, which
    is not always to be approved of, and where there is any doubt, it
    is surely better to be a little too strict than to be too indulgent, as experience has frequently shown that the injuries caused by in-
    dulgence are diflScult to repair.

    Miinster, June, 1833.

    C. V. B.



    General Homoeopathic Diet.

    '' In view of the minimal doses of medicines which are at once
    so necessary and so useful in Homoeopathic treatment, it may easily
    be understood that everything in the diet and the order of man's
    life must be removed which might at all have a medicinal e£Fect,
    in order that the minimal doses may not be overcome and extin-
    guished or at least be disturbed.*' — S, Hahnemann's Organon,

    §259.

    It is not the diet which the Homoeopathic physician prescribes
    which restores the patient's health. Only gross ignorance or the
    intentional spreading of an untruth can claim that, as opponents
    of this curative method sometimes do, that it is merely the Ho-
    moeopathic diet which avails; to which the humiliating answer is
    frequently given that in such a case the allopaths act in an inde-
    fensible manner in not imposing an equally strict diet.



    Digitized by



    Google



    270 HOMCBOPATHIC DIET.

    Although it is undeniable that certain diseases (limited in their
    period) pass over without danger if the proper diet is observed,
    yet this cannot be called a cure, since its duration is not short-
    ened in this manner. But these very diseases are the ones which
    most allopaths keep for themselves, while they are willing to
    hand over the chronic diseases (/. ^., those diseases which, with-
    out a healing medicine at most, only change their form, but only
    come to an end with the last breath of the patient), for they
    know that the cure in such cases is difficult and can be expected
    to result not from the diet, but only from an effective medicine.

    The paragraph of the Organon which we have quoted above
    gives us the only point of view from which the Diet of Homoeo-
    pathy is to be considered. This ought to bring back man, espe-
    cially th^sickmdJi, to a natural mode of living and should prevent
    the disturbance of the action of the medicine prescribed for his
    cure by other medicinal irritants. On this account there is no
    prescription as to the quantity of food to be taken, since the
    wants and the inclination of the patient in this respect supply the
    correct standard. Only the kind of food to be taken is defined by
    the physician, and this the more since in the usual mode of living
    of civilized people the medicinal condiments, with articles of food otherwise harmless, are so customary that we seldom find them
    pure. And yet it is plain that every article of food ought to be
    free from medicinal virtue, since this causes variations in his con-
    dition, and thus must make healthy men more or less ill, even if
    this should be only transitory.

    Starting from this position. Homoeopaths in their dietetic
    directions would at first naturally forbid many things which
    later experience caused ihem to see are less injurious. The long
    continued use of many medicinal substances in many cases dulls
    the susceptibility for them, so that the vital force eventually is no
    more affected thereby. Even more important in this direction is
    the observation frequently made, that as a rule only such medici- •
    nal substances act in a disturbing manner, on substances given
    before as have Homoeopathic relation to it, /. e,, which have the
    virtue and tendency of producing similar effects on healthy per-
    sons. On this alone the antidotal virtue rests which a number of
    medicines show, and by this may be explained how it comes
    that many an otherwise antidotal substance passes by without caus-
    ing any disturbance, if it only leaves untouched the present mor-
    bidly excited parts of the organism on which the medicine is in-
    tended to act.



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMCEOPATHIC DIET. 271

    Otherwise it has become known by many facts and observa-
    tions that even the potencies which are at this day carried higher,
    and which are the especial offence and object of ridicule of in- vestigators, who merely speculate and have become alienated
    from quiet experiments, have so much increased the intensity
    (doubtless immaterial) of the medicinal virtue that all grossly
    material influences can affiect it but little or not at all.

    All this is now, of course, taken into consideration in the diet to
    be, observed, and Homoeopaths have on this account been able to
    yield a good deal of late, which they had to forbid before, from
    fear of doing harm. This is especially the case with chronic
    patients, who are forbidden, besides the actual medicines of all
    kinds, only coffee and strong iea^ heating drinks, imported spices
    and strong odors, especially that of Camphor.

    Nevertheless, it may not be ivithout its use to enumerate for the
    patient, as well as for healthy persons, everything which in any
    way has medicinal virtues, and which in consequence may act in-
    juriously on the health or which may injuriously act on the
    medicines taken. There are also so many acute diseases, as also
    some of the chronic diseases, which cause a great susceptibility
    for such disturbing influences and the excess of which even at
    times amounts to actual idiosyncracies. We» therefore, subjoin a
    pretty complete list, as well of things allowed as of things forbid-
    den, with the remark that the exceptions permitted according to
    the nature of the disease and the Homoeopathic medicines used is
    left most safely to the physician in charge; but whatever is
    printed in capitals (/. ^., doubly underscored) must usually be
    entirely avoided.



    Food Permitted.

    I. MEAT.

    Beef, mutton, venison of all kinds (but it must not have the
    haut gout), even the meat of the wild boars and their young,
    raw hams, not the fat, chickens, turkeys, capons (which have
    not been fattened too much), grown pigeons, not too young, and,
    with patients who are not suffering from troubles of the stomach
    or the bowels, also occasionally some roast veal is not in-
    jurious. But these meats, as well as all other food permitted.



    Digitized by



    Google



    272 HOMCKOPATHIC DIBT.

    must not be spcnled by being seasoned with medicinal sub*
    stances (e. g.» spices). Jelly, also prepared without spices, as
    well as smoked and pickled meat, are also permitted.

    Pish are to be eaten only in moderation, and only at noon, not
    in the evening. The fish most easily borne are carp, pike, trout,
    crucian, barbel, tench, white fish, gudgeons, mullet, etc., if
    they are quite fresh and prepared in a simple manner. Less to
    be recommended, especially where there are stomach or cutaneous
    troubles, are the seafish, as well the pickled and smoke kinds, as
    also oysters are only admissible if they have been properly soaked
    in fresh water, and all have to be partaken of very sparingly.

    Of other animal food there are also permitted butter, raw or
    soft-boiled eggs, milk, which is most safe if first boiled (since it frequently contains medicinal virtues from the food of the
    animals), butter-milk, clabber, wkey, fresh cheese (not odor-
    ous), and unseasoned, or, still better, cottage-cheese.

    II. VEGBTABI.ES.

    Well-baked and unspiced bread of clean wheat, without any
    harmful admixtures of ergot and darnel, and baked without the
    addition of potash, as also all dishes made of flour without spices
    and not too fat, are harmless. Rye-bread generally agrees better
    with patients than wheat-bread; even pumpernickel does not
    harm those that have been used to it.

    Among the vegetables permitted are potatoes, ground-nuts,
    cole-rabi, beets, cauliflower, cabbage and kale, spinach, legu-
    minous plants, carrots, oyster- plants, parsnips and turnips, when
    they are prepared without spices and with only a moderate
    amount of fat. So also the prepared vegetables, as sour-krout,
    pickled beans, etc., are harmless. To this class also belong rice,
    maize, grits and groats of wheat, oats and barley, as also millet,
    peas, lentils and beans; the latter, because they cause flatulence,
    must often be used very moderately; then also sago and salep.

    Also the salads which are cooked, but not the raw salads, may
    be eaten; so also some of the potherbs lose their medicinal virtues
    by cooking, and may then be used without injury, though it will
    be safest to do without them.

    III. FRUIT.

    As a rule, all fruit when fulJy ripe, if the sweet varieties, arc
    chosen, may be safely eaten, either cooked or raw. Among these



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMCEOPATHIC DIET. 273

    we would especially enumerate: cherries, peaches, apricots (but
    all these cooked without their stones), apples, pears, grapes,
    raspberries, mulberries, melons, pumpkins, oranges (used with-
    out their peelings), pineapples, dates, figs and gooseberries. In
    most cases, but not always, currants may be eaten, as also straw-
    berries, cooked cranberries and whortleberries, cooked quinces
    and fresh walnuts and hazelnuts. Just as harmless are preseryed
    fruits, when put up with pure sugar, as also iced fruits, unless
    the same should be forbidden, owing to their coldness, where
    there is weakness of the stomach.

    IV. BEVERAGES.

    The most natural and harmless drink is pure water that has
    been boiled and afterward cooled again; this may be rendered
    agreeable to the taste by adding sugar, raspberry juice, toast, or
    anv condiments which are not forbidden.

    Next to this we would place milk, with butter-milk and whey,
    though the latter must be freed from its medicinal qualities by
    boiling.

    Besides these there are permitted small- beer, which is not
    brewed too strong and has well fermented, as also the other
    beers similarly prepared, unspiced hot beer, decoctions of dried
    fruits, the gruel of oats, barley or rice, unspiced chocolate, tea of
    cocoa shells, milk of almonds (but without any bitter almonds in
    it); then also broth of beef, of chickens and of pigeons, which
    must also be unseasoned and not too fat.

    Whoever thinks that they cannot do without some drink like
    coflFee, besides chocolate, may without ill effects drink a decoction
    of toasted carrots, wheat, rye or barley, but there must not be
    any addition of coffee, chickory or Swedish coffee- vetches.

    In most of the chronic diseases a mixture of five parts of water
    with one part of wine may be used as a daily beverage.

    Vinegar, even if quite pure and unadulterated, can never be
    used as a beverage and seldom as an addition to it.

    V. TOII.ET ARTICLES.

    Among these but few can be granted to the Homoeopathic
    public.

    Instead of pomade a piece of raw pork-fat, where a great dry-
    ness df the hair sets in.
    i8



    Digitized by



    Google



    274 HOMCKOPATHIC DIET.

    For cleaning the teeth, the patient should use pure water and
    finely powdered charcoal, or the coal trom burned bread, without
    the addition of any perfume.

    Instead of fumigating the rooms, a frequent airing of the rooms
    and cleanliness in the same must serve.

    For baths we substitute a quick washing off with clear water
    and unperf umed white soap.

    Finally whoever is accustomed to the use of tobacco need not
    give it up altogether, but it will be well to moderate an excessive
    use of the same.

    VI. CJLOTHING AND MODE OF UFE.

    The clothing ef the patient ought to be comfortable, and no
    warmer and thicker than feels comfortable to him.

    Moderate exercise, especially in the open air, is very desirable;
    even a dance in pleasant company, if not too exhausting, and
    when the strength permits it, will not as a rule prove harmful to
    the chronic patient.

    As a rule he ought to retain as much as possible his accustomed
    mode of living, in so far as this is not opposed to the express di- rections; he should sleep, eat and drink according to his desire,
    neither more nor less; he should not withdraw from any innocent
    social amusement; the endeavor should be to keep the mind as
    well as the body in as comfortable a state as possible, which
    furthers the cure more surely than any compulsion would do.
    He should seek to fill out his time as far as possible with light
    and pleasant employments.

    Rare exceptions from the present general rules must be left to
    the determination of the physician in the particular cases.

    Forbidden Food.

    I. MEAT.

    Very young or soft boiled veal, fat pork, the meat of ducks and
    geese (the latter three are especially harmful in cutaneous dis-
    orders), liver, kidneys and brain; any meat which is very fat or
    such as has become medicinal by the addition of spices or piquant
    sauces, e.g., sausages, sour roast of rabbits or geese, beefsteak, carbonades, field fares, larks and all animals that have become
    excessively fat through fattening.



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMOEOPATHIC DIET. 275

    As to fish, it is safest to avoid them altogether. The most in-
    jurious are eel and salmon, both when fresh and when smoked or
    pickled; caviar, cod-fish, turtles and shrimps. The roe and the
    milt of certain fish have been found, particularly harmful, espe-
    cially those of HERRINGS, perch and barbs.

    Other animal food that must be avoided is hard boiled tggs,
    things baked from eggs, raw milk, cream, old stinking or highly
    seasoned cheese, especially Limburger cheese and grbbn chbbsb,
    and honey.

    II. VBGBTABLES.

    First of all, all vegetable food and salads which are not cooked
    are forbidden, with the single exception of the fruit which was
    not excepted above. Then also all bread which has not been well
    fermented, or is sticky, or badly raised, or such as is impure from
    spices, potash, soap, ergot, darnel or cockle. So also all cakes
    and cookies, especially such as are very rich, or prepared with
    spices, honey and the like, and such as are decorated with metallio
    leaflets or colors, which are often actually poisonous.

    Among the injurious vegetables are chestnuts, old cole-rabi.
    beets, artichokes, asparagus, shoots of hops, corn-salad, parsley,
    chervil, chickory, rub, garden-cress, water-cress, horse-radish (so
    long as it remains sharp), onions of all kinds, wood-sorrel,
    orache celery, purslane, mustard, large and small radishes,
    truffles, morils and champignons, etc.

    So also ALL spices whatever name they may have and whether
    belonging to the exotic and dry class or to the potherbs, are all
    to be avoided, as they all have more or less medicinal properties.
    Among the former are cinnamon, saffron, ginger, pepper,

    NUTMEG, VANILLA, RED PEPPER, BAY LEAVES, SOYA, LEMONS,

    CITRON, BITTER ALMONDS, etc. ; but in the latter class we enumer-
    ate marjoram, thyme, sage, basilicum, balm-mint, etc. All food
    (also sauces, cakes, preserves and ice-creams) containing such in-
    gredients thereby acquire more or less medicinal powers, which
    can only act in a disturbing or even destructive manner on the
    dose of Homoeopathic medicine, and they must therefore be
    avoided.

    III. FRUIT.

    Unripe fruit and frequently also acid fruit does not agree with
    Homoeopathic treatment. The patient must, therefore, not only



    Digitized by



    Google



    276 HOMCEOPATHIC DIET.

    abstain from unripe fruit, but also, in cases which will be more
    closely pointed out by the physician, from currants, strawberries
    and medlars, as also from the acid varieties of apples, pears and
    cherries, and from lemons.

    To this class also belong cucumbers, which must usually be
    forbidden, as also raw cranberries and whortleberries, haws,
    elderberries, raw quinces, old English walnuts, stale hazelnuts,
    almonds (especially the bitter ones), olives and St. John's
    bread.

    IV. BEVERAGES.

    Among beverages, coffee, distinguished by its quality of anti-
    doting by far the greater number of medicines and powerfully
    affecting the whole organism, stands first as forbidden, and can
    never be permitted. The same must be said of the coffee which
    is prepared from chickory, from acorns or from the Swedish
    coffee- vetch.

    Less injurious, but nevertheless but rarely permitted, is the
    common Chinese tea, whether green or black. So also all the
    decoctions prepared from elder-flowers, chamomilla, bal-

    DRIAN, speedwell, millefolium, MELISSA. PEPPERMINT, FEN-
    NEL, ANISE, COUCHGRASS, LIPER'S HERBS, PECTORAL TEA, ICE-
    LANDIC MOSS, are among the forbidden enjoyments, as all of them
    have more or less medicinal qualities, and would also counteract
    the Homoeopathic doses.

    Furtheimore, we have to avoid all the so-called strong

    DRINKS, e. g. WINE, COGNAC, ARAC, BRANDY, RUM, LIQUERS OF
    ALL KINDS, BISHOP. PUNCH. CARDINAL, GROG, CHANDEAU,

    SPICED WINE, BIRCH-BEER, MEAD etc, and especially all the
    ELIXIRS, CORDIALS, BITTERS, which are often injurious even to
    healthy persons, and all of which contain more or less of medi-
    cinal virtue.

    Beer, which is otherwise quite harmless, when pure and un-
    adulterated, often has imparted to it deleterious qualities by the
    addition of stupefying, intoxicating and heating herbs, which
    make it injurious to the health. Therefore, such beers, as well
    as double beer, and beers compounded with ginger, ledum
    or other spices, are forbidden.

    Furthermore, during Homoeopathic treatment all vegetable
    ACIDS (the juice of lemons, wood-sorrel, common sorrel, bar-
    berries, sour apples, sour cherries, etc.), and all kinds of vin-



    Digitized by



    Google



    HOMOEOPATHIC DIET. 277

    HGAR, HERB-VINEGARS, compounded with sharp substances or
    spices, as also the sauces prepared therewith, or salads and other
    dishes, are vetoed.

    V. TOII.ET ARTICLES.

    Besides the substances above mentioned, luxury and fashion
    have introduced many things into life, especially into the life of
    the well-to-do portion of humanity, which not only in no way
    comport with Homoeopathic diet, but exert even a hurtful in-
    fluence on healthy persons, while many are ignorant of their
    cause.

    Among these are the many^ kinds of perfumes made of amber-
    gris, musk and many kinds of ethereal oils, as also similar
    pomades, soaps, smelling mixtures and washes, naphthas, eau de
    cologne, oil of macassar, rouge and other paints and whatever
    else these superfluities may be called.

    Besides these, we find tooth powders, tooth washes and
    ESSENCES made from medicinal substances (quinine, sandal-wood,
    cascarilla, ambergris, cream of tartar, magnesia, etc.), and these
    must be avoided.

    Then also all fumigation by whatever means this may be
    effected (fumigating powder, pastils, vinegar, juniper berries, in-
    cense, etc.), and even the smelling of lighted sulphur matches
    and other matches, or the smoke of extinguished tapers and
    lamps ought to be avoided. Snuff also is disallowed all the more
    since it usually contains also other ingredients of a medicinal
    nature.

    Finally we should abstain from baths of all kinds, even the
    warm foot-baths, and especially such as have herbs, ashes or
    similar substances added to the water, so all in all, external ap- plications, ointments, EMBROCATIONS, PILLOWS OF HERBS, FO-
    MENTATIONS, vesicatorihs, etc., which are all of them injurious,
    or, at best, useless. The same applies without exception to all
    domestic remedies. Most carefully should we guard against
    the smell of camphor, which suppresses nearly all medicines.

    VI. CLOTHING AND MODE OF LIFE.

    In general, all excess is injurious, as well in having the cloth-
    ing too light as in having it too heavy, the comfort of the patitnt
    is almost the only criterion.



    Digitized by



    Google



    278 THE CURE OF ASIATIC CHOLERA.

    Besides this, ear-rings and necklaces of amber, corals, jet, hips,
    fruits of various kinds, or perfumed substances, even those made
    of metals, are injurious, because they are not without medicinal
    virtues, and they must therefore be avoided. In rare cases the
    same may be said of dyed clothes, especially those dyed black, as
    these frequently act in a disturbing manner, so that it is advisable
    never to bring them into juxtaposition with the body without
    intervening linen.

    With respect to the mind and spirit, everything passionate and
    straining is very injurious, and should be carefully avoided. Not
    only vexation, grief, fright, anger, etc., but also excessive joy
    and other pleasant affections act in a disturbing manner. So also
    every strenuous exertion of the mind through reading, and espe-
    cially through card-playing, is forbidden ; but also ennui, which
    induces all manner of thoughts about the state of health.


    https://archive.org/details/lesserwritingsc00unkngoog



    How patients built up the practice of the lay homeopath Clemens von Bönninghausen. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of patient history

    Marion Baschin


    http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0211-95362011000200011

    SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

    vol.31 número2La medicina de las pasiones en la España del siglo XIXEl deber de mejorar: Higiene e identidad obrera en el socialismo madrileño, 1884-1904 índice de autoresíndice de materiabúsqueda de artículos Home Pagelista alfabética de
    revistas

    Mi SciELO
    Servicios personalizados
    Servicios Personalizados
    Revista
    SciELO Analytics
    Articulo
    Inglés (pdf)
    Articulo en XML
    Referencias del artículo
    Como citar este artículo
    SciELO Analytics
    Traducción automática
    Enviar articulo por email
    Indicadores
    Links relacionados
    Compartir
    Otros
    Otros
    Permalink
    Dynamis
    versión impresa ISSN 0211-9536
    Dynamis vol.31 no.2 Granada 2011

    http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0211-95362011000200011




    How patients built up the practice of the lay homeopath Clemens von Bönninghausen. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of patient history





    Marion Baschin

    Institut für Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart. marion.baschin@igm-bosch.de

    (*) The data presented in this paper come from my doctoral thesis which was supported by the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes e. V. Some of the figures have already been used in a paper given at the conference "Methods in Theory and Practice. A
    conference for research students in History of Medicine and Allied Sciences" which took place in London on 25th and 26th June 2009, and which gave the idea for this article. See: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. Methods2009.
    eu [updated 2 June 2009; cited 1 August 2010]. Available from http://www.methods2009.eu/index.html.





    ABSTRACT

    Statistics seem to give little information about individuals' fates. With the help of patient journals, the interwoven connections between quantitative and qualitative aspects of historical research work can be shown. This example focuses on the patients
    who, between 1829 and 1864, built up the practice of the lay homeopath Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen in Münster, Westphalia. Questions of practice, the social structure of the clientele, and the diseases Bönninghausen treated are also
    considered.

    Key words: Homeopathy, medical practice, patient history, quantitative and qualitative analysis.

    Palabras clave: Homeopatía, práctica médica, historia del paciente, análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo.



    1. Introduction

    On the 26th August 1849, Christine, a 24 year-old, went to the house of Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen. She did not have a severe illness. According to her complaints, she only had some premenstrual pains, a dry throat, and aching legs, and she
    was very thirsty.

    Clemens von Bönninghausen was a lay homeopath who practiced in Münster in Westphalia. Although he had never studied medicine, he was allowed to treat people homeopathically thanks to an extraordinary permission granted by the Prussian king in 1843. Bö
    nninghausen left more than 116 journals testifying to his medical practice. These records contain details about all the patients and their illnesses he had treated during his career as a lay homeopath between 1829 and 1864. These casebooks offer the
    opportunity to demonstrate the interwoven connections between quantitative and qualitative aspects of research work, especially in the field of patient history and the history of medical practice1.

    If the history of medical practice is considered, a lot of questions arise2. How busy was the doctor? How many patients did he see during a day or a year? Who were his patients? Which illnesses did he treat? The answers to these questions partly consist
    of statistics reporting consultation rates per day, describing the clientele by percentages of socio-statistical features, or ranking illnesses according to their quantities. Amony all of these numbers, the individuals, the patients, who form the core of
    patient history, as Christine did, seem to have vanished. This article therefore shows how patients build up a medical practice. It demonstrates that there is no medical practice without sick people and their decision to see a certain healer. The
    research of the casebooks in this article is focused on the patients and refers to the example of the journals of the lay homeopath Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen3.



    2. The homeopath and his journals

    Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen was born in March 1785. He studied law and later worked for Louis Napoleon, the King of The Netherlands. When Louis Napoleon abdicated in 1810, Bönninghausen returned to his home region of Westphalia. He worked
    there for the Prussian administration and earned his living as a member of the land registry service ("Katasterkontrolleur"). He was also very interested in botany and agriculture. In 1828, he became so gravely ill that all his friends and even all the
    physicians he consulted thought he would not survive. So he wrote a goodbye message to a friend who was, without Bönninghausen's knowledge, also a homeopathic doctor, the very first in Westphalia. The friend advised him of possible remedies and Bö
    nninghausen recovered. Due to this miraculous healing, Bönninghausen became interested in the healing method that saved his life, and studied it himself. In 1829 he started his first official casebook named: "Trials in Homeopathic Healing" ("Homö
    opathische Heilungs-Versuche"). His first patient was the famous German poetess Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. More patients followed, but, as Bönninghausen had never studied medicine and was not legally approved as a physician, his treatments soon
    provoked an unfavourable reaction. In 1836 the Prussian Government prohibited him from practicing homeopathy, but he never stopped his work and kept on treating those who sought his help. In 1843, he was officially allowed to practice as a lay homeopath
    by an extraordinary permission from the Prussian King, probably thanks to the support of a nobleman who was a friend of him. However, the reasons why Bönninghausen received this authorisation remain unknown. From this point on, he offered his
    homeopathic treatments, in his home town of Münster in Westphalia, until he died on the 26th January 18644.

    The city of Münster was a former Hanseatic City and seat of a Prince-Bishopric ("Fürstbistum Münster"). In 1815, it became Prussian and was made the capital of the newly formed Province of Westphalia. The main university was, and still is, located
    there and offered medical studies. As such, the city had a lot of doctors and barber-surgeons, more than the average for the whole province5. That is why the inhabitants were able to choose from a variety of medical services. There, remarkably, Bö
    nninghausen was able to have a flourishing homeopathic practice without being an educated healer.


    [continued in next message]

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)