The particle model of light is obviously incompatible with VARIABLE wavelength of light:the wavelength at which they are emitted (the gravitational field of the galaxy will not be large enough to have a significant effect). Suppose now that the source starts moving toward us. When the source emits the next wave crest it will be nearer to us,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsVxC_NR64M
That is, the particle model of light implies that the wavelength can only be an invariable proportionality factor in the formula
(speed of light) = (wavelength)(frequency)
Accordingly, the Doppler frequency shift proves variable speed of light as per Newton:
https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f10f1c25528a4e5edc9bae200640f31c-pjlq
Surprisingly at first sight, the wave model of light is also incompatible with VARIABLE wavelength of light:
Stephen Hawking, "A Brief History of Time", Chapter 3: "Now imagine a source of light at a constant distance from us, such as a star, emitting waves of light at a constant wavelength. Obviously the wavelength of the waves we receive will be the same as
This interpretation implies that the emitter is CHASING the emitted crest - that is the reason why, when the next crest is emitted, the distance between the two crests is smaller than when the emitter is stationary. As chasing becomes faster and faster(the speed of the emitter increases), the distance between crests approaches zero - the emitted crests remain in the vicinity of the emitter for a long time (preposterous, isn't it?):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mJTRXCMU6o&t=77swithout looking outside. If, for instance, measurements inside the spaceship show that the wavelength has decreased, the emitter will conclude that his spaceship is now moving faster than before.
The variation of the wavelength of light with the speed of the emitter contradicts the principle of relativity. If the wavelength varied, the emitter could regularly measure the variations inside his spaceship - so he would know his spaceship's speed
For light waves, there can be no chasing. No matter how fast the emitter is moving, the speed of the emitted crest relative to the emitter remains constant, c. Accordingly, when the next crest is emitted, the distance between the two crests remainsunchanged - the same as when the emitter is stationary.
Conclusion: According to both particle and wave models of light, the wavelength of light depends only on the nature of the emitting substance and is constant otherwise.its speed is reduced to zero).
"The wavelength of light is constant" will become the fundamental axiom of future, Einstein-free physics. Here are some corollaries:
Corollary 1: Any frequency shift entails (is caused by) a proportional speed-of-light shift.
Corollary 2: If the emitter and the observer travel towards each other with relative speed v, the speed of light relative to the observer is c' = c+v, as posited by Newton's theory.
Corollary 3: Spacetime and gravitational waves (ripples in spacetime) don't exist. LIGO's "discoveries" are fakes.
Corollary 4: Light falls in a gravitational field with the same acceleration as ordinary falling bodies - near Earth's surface the accelerations of falling photons is g = 9.8 m/s^2. Accordingly, there is no gravitational time dilation.
Corollary 5: The so-called cosmological (Hubble) redshift is due to the speed of light gradually slowing down as light travels through vacuum, in a non-expanding universe.
Corollary 6: The dark sky in the Olbers' paradox can be explained by two facts. 1. Low-speed, high-redshifted light (known as CMB), coming from very distant sources, is invisible. 2. Beyond a certain distance, the star light does not reach us at all (
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