Could Wading in Shallow Water Account for the Unique Shape of the Australopithecus afarensis Pelvis?
Algis Vincent Kuliukas
doi 10.4236/aa.2018.81003
The results indicate:
the australopith hip was more adapted, than modern humans or extant great apes,
to adduction, abduction & rotation of the thigh during locomotion.
It is argued:
this apparent lateral bio-mechanical advantage complements the broad platypelloid
shape as a putative adaptation to side-to-side wading. This adds further evidential
weight to the wading hypothesis of BP origins in addition to the already compelling
arguments from extant ape behaviour in shallow water & the favourable evidence >of the paleo-habitats of the earliest bipeds.
Could Wading in Shallow Water Account for the Unique Shape of the Australopithecus afarensis Pelvis?
Algis Vincent Kuliukas doi 10.4236/aa.2018.81003
The results indicate:
the australopith hip was more adapted, than modern humans or extant great apes,
to adduction, abduction & rotation of the thigh during locomotion.
It is argued:
this apparent lateral bio-mechanical advantage complements the broad platypelloid
shape as a putative adaptation to side-to-side wading. This adds further evidential
weight to the wading hypothesis of BP origins in addition to the already compelling
arguments from extant ape behaviour in shallow water & the favourable evidence
of the paleo-habitats of the earliest bipeds.
Notice that this paper does not even refer to an alternative hypothesis: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/004724849190011J
Could Wading in Shallow Water Account for the Unique Shape of the Australopithecus afarensis Pelvis?
Algis Vincent Kuliukas doi 10.4236/aa.2018.81003
The results indicate:
the australopith hip was more adapted, than modern humans or extant great apes,
to adduction, abduction & rotation of the thigh during locomotion.
It is argued:
this apparent lateral bio-mechanical advantage complements the broad platypelloid
shape as a putative adaptation to side-to-side wading. This adds further evidential
weight to the wading hypothesis of BP origins in addition to the already compelling
arguments from extant ape behaviour in shallow water & the favourable evidence
of the paleo-habitats of the earliest bipeds.
Notice that this paper does not even refer to an alternative hypothesis:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/004724849190011J
Lucy's pelvic anatomy: its role in bipedal gait
Yoel Rak 1991 JHE 20:283-290 doi org/10.1016/0047-2484(91)90011-J
Lucy's pelvic inlet is extremely wide, particularly in relation to body size. >This width, + the horizontal rotation of the pelvis, minimizes the vertical displacement of the CoM during BP walking.
A different manner of reducing this vertical displacement & of diminishing its undesirable effects is the elongation of the lower limbs:
adoption of this strategy by later hominids presumably permitted the relative narrowing of the inlet & thus of the distance between the hip joints.
Lucy's pelvis, therefore, does not represent simply an intermediate stage between a chimp-like hominoid & H.sapiens, nor is it essentially a modern human pelvis.
Although clearly BP & highly terrestrial(unporen nonsense, see paleo-environment --mv), Lucy evidently achieved this mode of locomotion through a solution all her own.
IOW, 30 yrs old irrelevant just-so blabla:
Kuliukas not only shows that Lucy waded a lot,
but also that her & other australopith fossils came from swamp forests.
Only incredible imbeciles believe their Pleistocene ancestor ran after antelopes.
He doesn't show it, it's a hypothesis.
On Sun, 7 Nov 2021 09:02:53 -0800 (PST), "littor...@gmail.com" <littoral.homo@gmail.com> wrote:
Could Wading in Shallow Water Account for the Unique Shape of the Australopithecus afarensis Pelvis?
Algis Vincent Kuliukas doi 10.4236/aa.2018.81003
The results indicate:
the australopith hip was more adapted, than modern humans or extant great apes,
to adduction, abduction & rotation of the thigh during locomotion.
It is argued:
this apparent lateral bio-mechanical advantage complements the broad platypelloid
shape as a putative adaptation to side-to-side wading. This adds further evidential
weight to the wading hypothesis of BP origins in addition to the already compelling
arguments from extant ape behaviour in shallow water & the favourable evidence
of the paleo-habitats of the earliest bipeds.
Notice that this paper does not even refer to an alternative hypothesis: >>> https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/004724849190011J
Lucy's pelvic anatomy: its role in bipedal gait
Yoel Rak 1991 JHE 20:283-290 doi org/10.1016/0047-2484(91)90011-J
Lucy's pelvic inlet is extremely wide, particularly in relation to body size.
This width, + the horizontal rotation of the pelvis, minimizes the vertical displacement of the CoM during BP walking.
A different manner of reducing this vertical displacement & of diminishing its undesirable effects is the elongation of the lower limbs:
adoption of this strategy by later hominids presumably permitted the relative narrowing of the inlet & thus of the distance between the hip joints.
Lucy's pelvis, therefore, does not represent simply an intermediate stage between a chimp-like hominoid & H.sapiens, nor is it essentially a modern human pelvis.
Although clearly BP & highly terrestrial(unporen nonsense, see paleo-environment --mv), Lucy evidently achieved this mode of locomotion through a solution all her own.
IOW, 30 yrs old irrelevant just-so blabla:
30 years old, but recently tested: https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.23550
"Our results support Rak's hypothesis"
Kuliukas not only shows that Lucy waded a lot,
He doesn't show it, it's a hypothesis.
but also that her & other australopith fossils came from swamp forests.
He doesn't even refer to the work of Behrensmeyer & Reed, 2013: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5919-0_4
They list four types of documented depositional contexts for Australopithecus:
*Volcaniclastic plains and paleosols (Laetoli)
*Fluvial channels and floodplains (Lothagam, Kanapoi,
East and West Turkana, Omo Shungura Formation, Hadar,
Dikika, Middle Awash)
*Lake margins (East and West Turkana, Hadar, Middle
Awash, Chad)
*Karst terrain and cave deposits (Makapansgat, Sterkfontein,
Taung, Gladysvale, Malapa).
Only incredible imbeciles believe their Pleistocene ancestor ran after antelopes.
Really an obsession to you, isn't it?
He doesn't show it, it's a hypothesis.
Like the hypothesis that your ancestors ran after antelopes??
:-D
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273047446_The_Energetic_Paradox_of_Human_Running_and_Hominid_Evolution
endurance predator.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273047446_The_Energetic_Paradox_of_Human_Running_and_Hominid_Evolution
"The Energetic Paradox of Human Running and Hominid Evolution"
David Carrier 1984 Curr.Anthrop.25 doi: 10.1086/203165
The energetic cost of running is rel.high in man.(the only sensible sentence in this unscientific piece)
In spite of this, humans are adept endurance runners,:-DDD capable of running down, for example, zebra and kangaroo.(1 in a mill.people can this smetimes)
Distance running is made possible for man in part by an exceptional ability to dissipate exercise heat loads.(salt glands! ex-marine)
Most mammals lose heat by panting, which is coupled to breathing & locomotor cycles during running.
This interdependence may(just-so belief) limit the effectiveness of panting as a means of heat dissipation.(it's far more effective than sweating)
Because sweating is not dependent on respiration, it may(once more unproven just-so belief) be more compatible with running as a thermoregulatory mechanism.
Furthermore, man's lack of body hair improves thermal conductance while running,:-DDD as it facilitates convection at the skin surface.(overheating!)
While horses have been shown to possess energetically optimal speeds in each gait,(at *all* speeds more optimal than in H.sapiens) the energetic cost for a man to run a given distance does not change with speed.(but is always lower than in horses)
It is hypothesized(:-DDD) that this is because bipedality allows breathing frequency to vary relative to stride frequency.(unscientifc just-so belief)
Man's constant cost of transport may(wishful thinking) enable human hunters to pursue the prey animal at speeds that force it to run inefficiently, thereby expediting its eventual fatigue.(1 in a mill.people tries to hunt that way)
Given what is known of heat dissipation in Old World Anthropoidea, the BPity of early hominids & human exercise physiology, one factor important in the origin of the Hominidae may(wishful blabla) have been the occupation of a new niche as a diurnal
IOW, O evidence - only wishful thinking -
IOW, this once more proves that only incredible imbeciles believe their ancestors ran after antelopes.
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Somebody wrote:
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Believing that your ancestors ran after antelopes is *incredibly* imbecilic.
On Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:49:52 -0800 (PST), "littor...@gmail.com" <littor...@gmail.com> wrote:
Somebody wrote:
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Believing that your ancestors ran after antelopes is *incredibly* imbecilic. Tell that to the Kalahari hunters: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135266_Persistence_Hunting_by_Modern_Hunter-Gatherers
On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 8:50:28 AM UTC-5, Pandora wrote:
On Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:49:52 -0800 (PST), "littor...@gmail.com"
<littor...@gmail.com> wrote:
Somebody wrote:Tell that to the Kalahari hunters:
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Believing that your ancestors ran after antelopes is *incredibly* imbecilic.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135266_Persistence_Hunting_by_Modern_Hunter-Gatherers
"Before the domestication of dogs, persistence hunting may have been one of the most efficient forms of hunting and may therefore have been crucial in the evolution of humans."
As nonsensical as Homo sleeping in water. but both ideas are not entirely impossible.
On Fri, 12 Nov 2021 14:04:07 -0800 (PST), "DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves" <daud....@gmail.com> wrote:
On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 8:50:28 AM UTC-5, Pandora wrote:
On Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:49:52 -0800 (PST), "littor...@gmail.com"
<littor...@gmail.com> wrote:
Somebody wrote:Tell that to the Kalahari hunters:
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Believing that your ancestors ran after antelopes is *incredibly* imbecilic.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135266_Persistence_Hunting_by_Modern_Hunter-Gatherers
"Before the domestication of dogs, persistence hunting may have been one of the most efficient forms of hunting and may therefore have been crucial in the evolution of humans."
As nonsensical as Homo sleeping in water. but both ideas are not entirely impossible.Persistence hunting is a field observation, sleeping in water only
happens in the bathtub.
Somebody wrote:
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Believing that your ancestors ran after antelopes is *incredibly* imbecilic.
On Fri, 12 Nov 2021 14:04:07 -0800 (PST), "DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves" <daud.deden@gmail.com> wrote:
On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 8:50:28 AM UTC-5, Pandora wrote:
On Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:49:52 -0800 (PST), "littor...@gmail.com"
<littor...@gmail.com> wrote:
Somebody wrote:Tell that to the Kalahari hunters:
I doubt David Carrier is an imbecile.
Believing that your ancestors ran after antelopes is *incredibly* imbecilic.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135266_Persistence_Hunting_by_Modern_Hunter-Gatherers
"Before the domestication of dogs, persistence hunting may have been one of the most efficient forms of hunting and may therefore have been crucial in the evolution of humans."
As nonsensical as Homo sleeping in water. but both ideas are not entirely impossible.
Persistence hunting is a field observation, sleeping in water only
happens in the bathtub.
Found those snorkel noses yet?
Found those snorkel noses yet?
Found those snorkel noses yet?
Google "OI, BIG PENIS!"
Op maandag 29 november 2021 om 07:31:09 UTC+1 schreef Primum Sapienti:
Found those snorkel noses yet?
"OI, BIG NOSE!"
"OI, BIG NOSE!"
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