"The first chimpanzee"???
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littoral.homo@gmail.com@21:1/5 to
All on Sat Apr 29 06:52:32 2023
First fossil chimpanzee
Sally McBrearty & Nina G Jablonski 2005
Nature 437:105-8
There are 1000s of fossils of hominins, but no fossil chimpanzee has yet been reported. :-DDD see below --mv
Pan is the closest living relative to humans.
Chimp populations today are confined to wooded W- & C-Africa,
most hominin fossil sites occur in the semi-arid E.African Rift Valley. "semi-arid" today --mv
This situation has fuelled speculation re. causes for the divergence of the Homo & Pan lineages 5 to 8 Ma.
Some investigators have invoked a shift from wooded to savannah vegetation in E.Africa (driven by climate change) to explain
- the apparent separation between P & H ancestral populations,
- the origin of the unique hominin locomotor adaptation, BPism. :-DDD --mv The Rift Valley itself functions as an obstacle to chimp occupation in some scenarios. "in some scenarios" :-DDD --mv
Here we report the first fossil chimpanzee. :-DDD --mv
These fossils (Kapthurin Fm, Kenya) show:
representatives of Pan were present in the E.African Rift Valley mid-Pleistocene, where they were contemporary with an extinct species of Homo.
Habitats suitable for both hominins & chimps were clearly present there during this period:
the Rift Valley did not present an impenetrable barrier to chimpanzee occupation.
:-DDD
This is a ridiculous paper:
there were plenty of Plio-Pleist. S.African Pan fossils: late-Pliocene "gracile"(africanus) & early-Pleist."robust"(robustus),
e.g. (from my 1994 Hum.Evol.paper):
• “Alan [Walker] has analysed a number of Australopithecus robustus teeth and they fall into the fruit-eating category. More precisely, their teeth patterns look like those of chimpanzees... Then, when be looked at some Homo erectus teeth, he found
that the pattern changed”. Leakey 1981:74-75
• “The ‘keystone’ nasal bone arrangement suggested as a derived diagnostic of Paranthropus [robustus] is found in an appreciable number of pongids, particularly clearly in some chimpanzees”. Eckhardt 1987
• “P.paniscus provides a suitable comparison for Australopithecus [Sts.5]; they are similar in body size, postcranial dimensions and... even in cranial and facial features”. Zihlman cs 1978
• “A.africanus Sts.5, which... falls well within the range of Pan troglodytes, is markedly prognathous or hyperprognathous”". Ferguson 1989a
• In Taung, “I see nothing in the orbits, nasal bones, and canine teeth definitely nearer to the human condition than the corresponding parts of the skull of a modern young chimpanzee”. Woodward 1925
• “The Taung juvenile seems to resemble a young chimpanzee more closely than it resembles L338y-6”, a juvenile A.boisei. Rak & Howell 1978
• “In addition to similarities in facial remodeling it appears that Taung and Australopithecus in general, had maturation periods similar to those of the extant chimpanzee”. Bromage 1985
• “I estimate an adult capacity for Taung ranging from 404-420 cm2, with a mean of 412 cm2. Application of Passingham’s curve for brain development in Pan is preferable to that for humans because (a) brain size of early hominids approximates that
of chimpanzees, and (b) the curves for brain volume relative to body weight are essentially parallel in pongids and australopithecines, leading Hofman to conclude that ‘as with pongids, the australopithecines probably differed only in size, not in
design’”. Falk 1987
• In Taung, “pneumatization has also extended into the zygoma and hard palate. This is intriguing because an intrapalatal extension of the maxillary sinus has only been reported in chimpanzees and robust australopithecines among higher primates”.
Bromage & Dean 1985
• “That the fossil ape Australopithecus [Taung] ‘is distinguished from all living apes by the... unfused nasal bones…’ as claimed by Dart (1940), cannot be maintained in view of the very considerable number of cases of separate nasal bones
among orang-utans and chimpanzees of ages corresponding to that of Australopithecus”. Schultz 1941
etc.etc.
How can a whole "science"(??) be so wrong??
-"out-of-Africa" is wrong
-apith human ancestors is wrong
-savanna dwelling is wrong
-savanna running is even wronger
-"hominin" bipedality is wrong
...
Geology was not even so wrong before plate tectonics... :-D
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