https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/102636/1/Milks%202020.pdf
Published on 9 Sep 2020

Abstract
Wooden spears are amongst the earliest weapons known
from the archaeological record, with broken and
complete examples known from Middle and Late
Pleistocene Eurasian, Australian and South American
sites. They were manufactured and used by multiple
species of Homo, including H. sapiens. This paper
comprises the first systematic review of ethnographic
data on the recent use of wooden spears for hunting
and human violence. It confronts the historical
racism underpinning the abuse of ethnographic data
on wooden spears, including associations between the
technology and the development of cognitive abilities
in human evolution. The review demonstrates that
wooden spears were used as thrusting and throwing
weapons by recent societies in North America, South
America, Africa, and Oceania, and continue to be used
today by children as training tools in hunter-gatherer
societies. Their use is recorded in a wide range of
climates and environments, using a variety of different
hunting strategies to target terrestrial and aquatic
prey. Whilst acknowledging limitations of ethnographic
datasets, Middle and early Late Pleistocene hominin
hunting is reconsidered, briefly overviewing wooden
spears in relation to the variety of climate and
ecological settings in which Pleistocene hominins
hunted, targeted prey, and the potential for delivery
methods and hunting strategies. The results underscore
the importance of systematic reviews when utilising
ethnography in interpreting archaeological evidence:
selective references in relation to the use of
wooden spears have overlooked additional examples
that point to a richness and variability of technology
and behaviour that is invisible in the Pleistocene
archaeological record.

"The Eurasian Pleistocene hominins who manufactured
and utilised the early examples of wooden spears
occupied a wide range of ecologies, climates, and
terrains, including densely forested regions in full
interglacials, coastal regions in both glacial and
interglacial periods, and open steppe and tundra
(e.g. Benito et al. 2016; Churchill 2014; Hosfield
2016; Roebroeks & Soressi 2016; Stewart et al. 2019).
Archaeological wooden spears and evidence of their
use have been found in a diversity of environments
including from warm, closed-canopy forested
environments (Gaudzinski-Windheuser et al. 2018),
and cool steppic, open woodland (Urban & Bigga 2015).
While on the one hand, non-analogue ecologies may
limit our ability to make direct comparisons between
the suitability of wooden spears during the
Pleistocene in relation to those made and used by
recent H. sapiens societies, the data in this paper
demonstrate a diversity of climates, ecologies, and
terrains in which wooden spears were utilised. The
representation of the use of this weapon in these
varied environments indirectly supports hypotheses
that wooden spear use could have played a role in
very early hunting and/or ‘power scavenging’ by
Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo, including in
Africa..."



"Examples of taxa exploited by hominins in the Eurasian
Middle Pleistocene include equids (Equus mosbachnesis,
Equus ferus sp.) cervids (Cervus elaphus, Praemegaceros
sp., Axis sp., Dama clactoniana, Rangifer tarandus,
Megaloceros sp.), suids (Sus scrofa), bovids (Bison
priscus, Bos primigenius, Ovis ammon antiqua, Bison
schoetensacki), hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius),
rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, Stephanorhinus
hemitoechus), bear (Ursus deningeri) and proboscideans
(Elephas [Palaeoloxodon] antiquus, Mammuthus sp.)..."

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
* Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)

Ah. So it's woke bullshit and not science.

I dunno. maybe you did attend classes at KKK University but I've never
seen one lick of racism interjected in any discussion on spears, points
or anything else.

Yeah, the oldest evidence for spears is found in Europe. Clearly the
"Oldest" had to be found somewhere, and by definition that excludes
everywhere else...

Can you grasp this?

If the first are found in Europe then by definition they were not found anywhere else, until later.

But this is true REGARDLESS of where the first/oldest is found.

There is nothing inherently racist in finding things!

THERE IS mountains of racism is faking data, spewing idiocy, LYING
TO PEOPLE in order to preserve and promote a racial narrative.









-- --

https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/716051658844651520

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
* Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)

JTEM is so reasonable wrote:

Ah. So it's woke bullshit and not science.

I dunno. maybe you did attend classes at KKK University but I've never
seen one lick of racism interjected in any discussion on spears, points
or anything else.

Yeah, the oldest evidence for spears is found in Europe. Clearly the
"Oldest" had to be found somewhere, and by definition that excludes everywhere else...

Can you grasp this?

If the first are found in Europe then by definition they were not found anywhere else, until later.

But this is true REGARDLESS of where the first/oldest is found.

There is nothing inherently racist in finding things!

THERE IS mountains of racism is faking data, spewing idiocy, LYING
TO PEOPLE in order to preserve and promote a racial narrative.

I see you are a graduate of Trump University.

"First found" until more are found somewhere else. That's how
field work proceeds. You wouldn't know since they don't cover that
in film school.

https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/102636/1/Milks%202020.pdf
Published on 9 Sep 2020

Abstract
Wooden spears are amongst the earliest weapons known
from the archaeological record, with broken and
complete examples known from Middle and Late
Pleistocene Eurasian, Australian and South American
sites. They were manufactured and used by multiple
species of Homo, including H. sapiens. This paper
comprises the first systematic review of ethnographic
data on the recent use of wooden spears for hunting
and human violence. It confronts the historical
racism underpinning the abuse of ethnographic data
on wooden spears, including associations between the
technology and the development of cognitive abilities
in human evolution. The review demonstrates that
wooden spears were used as thrusting and throwing
weapons by recent societies in North America, South
America, Africa, and Oceania, and continue to be used
today by children as training tools in hunter-gatherer
societies. Their use is recorded in a wide range of
climates and environments, using a variety of different
hunting strategies to target terrestrial and aquatic
prey. Whilst acknowledging limitations of ethnographic
datasets, Middle and early Late Pleistocene hominin
hunting is reconsidered, briefly overviewing wooden
spears in relation to the variety of climate and
ecological settings in which Pleistocene hominins
hunted, targeted prey, and the potential for delivery
methods and hunting strategies. The results underscore
the importance of systematic reviews when utilising
ethnography in interpreting archaeological evidence:
selective references in relation to the use of
wooden spears have overlooked additional examples
that point to a richness and variability of technology
and behaviour that is invisible in the Pleistocene
archaeological record.

"The Eurasian Pleistocene hominins who manufactured
and utilised the early examples of wooden spears
occupied a wide range of ecologies, climates, and
terrains, including densely forested regions in full
interglacials, coastal regions in both glacial and
interglacial periods, and open steppe and tundra
(e.g. Benito et al. 2016; Churchill 2014; Hosfield
2016; Roebroeks & Soressi 2016; Stewart et al. 2019).
Archaeological wooden spears and evidence of their
use have been found in a diversity of environments
including from warm, closed-canopy forested
environments (Gaudzinski-Windheuser et al. 2018),
and cool steppic, open woodland (Urban & Bigga 2015).
While on the one hand, non-analogue ecologies may
limit our ability to make direct comparisons between
the suitability of wooden spears during the
Pleistocene in relation to those made and used by
recent H. sapiens societies, the data in this paper
demonstrate a diversity of climates, ecologies, and
terrains in which wooden spears were utilised. The
representation of the use of this weapon in these
varied environments indirectly supports hypotheses
that wooden spear use could have played a role in
very early hunting and/or ‘power scavenging’ by
Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo, including in
Africa..."

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
* Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)

Primum Sapienti wrote:

I see

I thought you schizophrenics were always hearing things, not "seeing"
them... learn something new every day!

"First found" until more are found somewhere else.

This isn't true at all. They're not looking at spears, they're looking at RECENT people and pretending that means the oldest spears aren't
the old and you're racist if you say anything else.

It's exactly the kind of politics ordered-up by the controlling elite,
and masquerading as "Science," that everyone knew for a fact was
happening back under Dubya Bush -- when the powers that be were
beholding to the religious right and their I.D. brand of creationism --
only now it's invisible to you.





-- --

https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/719738165814050816

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
* Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)

kudu runner:

https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/102636/1/Milks%202020.pdf

:-) Thanks, my boy, this ethnographic review (=today) perfectly confirms our view:
- use of spears=harpoons was already very old, early-Pleist. or even earlier,
- later also in scavenging & even hunting sometimes.

Only incredible idiots still believe that their ancestors evolved a poor olfaction & fleshy nose for hunting.

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
* Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)