A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
______
Excellent study.
The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
______A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA. By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology: comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
It also shows slow terrestrial fauna have denser bones than arboreal fauna. Central West Africans have the densest bones of all extant Homo ...
Op zaterdag 15 oktober 2022 om 14:44:01 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:
______A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology: comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
It also shows slow terrestrial fauna have denser bones than arboreal fauna. Central West Africans have the densest bones of all extant Homo ...
Of course, but only archaic Homo had pachyosteosclerosis: erecus>neand.>sapiens=0.
Only incredible idiots believe their Pleistocene ancestors (heavy bones) ran after antelopes.
______A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology: comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
It also shows slow terrestrial fauna have denser bones than arboreal fauna.
Central West Africans have the densest bones of all extant Homo ...
Of course, but only archaic Homo had pachyosteosclerosis: erecus>neand.>sapiens=0.
Only incredible idiots believe their Pleistocene ancestors (heavy bones) ran after antelopes.
Central West African manatees have dense bones too, no cancellous rib bones, unlike Homo.
Op donderdag 20 oktober 2022 om 01:12:24 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:Humans live along CW African rainforest streams, manatees live along CW African streams, both are dense boned, neithwr are marine.
______A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology: comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
It also shows slow terrestrial fauna have denser bones than arboreal fauna.
Central West Africans have the densest bones of all extant Homo ...
Of course, but only archaic Homo had pachyosteosclerosis: erecus>neand.>sapiens=0.
Only incredible idiots believe their Pleistocene ancestors (heavy bones) ran after antelopes.
Central West African manatees have dense bones too, no cancellous rib bones, unlike Homo.:-DDD Are you really so stupid that you think Homo lived like manatees??? Already caught your antelope, my little boy?
A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
______
Excellent study.
The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA. >By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology: >comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
Op vrijdag 21 oktober 2022 om 14:43:36 UTC+2 schreef Pandora:
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA. >> >By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
IOW, was ER-1808 no H.erectus s.s.?
Do you have more (comparative or other) information ER-1808's bone histology?
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
IOW, was ER-1808 no H.erectus s.s.?
Bernard Wood in Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 4: Hominid Cranial Remains. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1991:
"The evidence of the cranial vault suggest that KNM-ER 1808 belongs to
the same hypodigm as KNM-ER 3733 and 3883. Consideration of the
preserved morphology seen in the mandible and dentition gives further support for such an assessment.
Taxonomic attribution: Homo aff. H. erectus"
African H. erectus also considered a separate taxon, H. ergaster.
Do you have more (comparative or other) information ER-1808's bone histology?"The appendicular skeleton shows striking pathology, consisting
of subperiosteal diaphyseal deposit of coarse-woven bone.
The new bone, 7.0 mm thick in places, thins towards the metaphyses.
There is minimal endocranial involvement. Ground thin
sections of the tibial shaft (Fig. 2) show pathology confined to
the outermost cortex, which has given rise locally to new bone.
The sharply demarcated, coarse-woven new bone contains
enlarged, sub-spherical and randomly placed lacunae. There is
no evidence of abnormal remodelling of the underlying bone.
The dense mineralization of the specimen accounts for the fine
histological preservation, but precludes satisfactory radiological examination."
https://www.nature.com/articles/296248a0
Op zondag 23 oktober 2022 om 14:59:30 UTC+2 schreef Pandora:
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
IOW, was ER-1808 no H.erectus s.s.?
Bernard Wood in Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 4: Hominid Cranial
Remains. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1991:
"The evidence of the cranial vault suggest that KNM-ER 1808 belongs to
the same hypodigm as KNM-ER 3733 and 3883. Consideration of the
preserved morphology seen in the mandible and dentition gives further
support for such an assessment.
Taxonomic attribution: Homo aff. H. erectus"
African H. erectus also considered a separate taxon, H. ergaster.
Do you have more (comparative or other) information ER-1808's bone histology?"The appendicular skeleton shows striking pathology, consisting
of subperiosteal diaphyseal deposit of coarse-woven bone.
The new bone, 7.0 mm thick in places, thins towards the metaphyses.
There is minimal endocranial involvement. Ground thin
sections of the tibial shaft (Fig. 2) show pathology confined to
the outermost cortex, which has given rise locally to new bone.
The sharply demarcated, coarse-woven new bone contains
enlarged, sub-spherical and randomly placed lacunae. There is
no evidence of abnormal remodelling of the underlying bone.
The dense mineralization of the specimen accounts for the fine
histological preservation, but precludes satisfactory radiological
examination."
https://www.nature.com/articles/296248a0
Thanks a lot, Pandora.
My comment there was:
Very interesting article, but the "explanation" of hypervitaminosis A is far-fetched,
impossible and unnecessary: most likely it was no pathology at all, but pachy-osteo-sclerosis (POS):
like all other mammals with POS, H.erectus (always found at lakes or coasts) regularly dived for
shallow-aquatic foods. This also explains erectus' early-Pleistocene intercontinental dispersal
(along the Indian Ocean coasts), his platycephaly, very wide body (flaring ilia), spectacular brain
enlargement (docosahexaenoid acid DHA in aquatic foods), development of stone tool use
(most likely H.erectus frequently dived for shellfish), etc. Google e.g. "coastal dispersal Pleistocene Homo 2018 PPT".
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
IOW, was ER-1808 no H.erectus s.s.?
Bernard Wood in Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 4: Hominid Cranial
Remains. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1991:
"The evidence of the cranial vault suggest that KNM-ER 1808 belongs to
the same hypodigm as KNM-ER 3733 and 3883. Consideration of the
preserved morphology seen in the mandible and dentition gives further
support for such an assessment.
Taxonomic attribution: Homo aff. H. erectus"
African H. erectus also considered a separate taxon, H. ergaster.
Do you have more (comparative or other) information ER-1808's bone histology?"The appendicular skeleton shows striking pathology, consisting
of subperiosteal diaphyseal deposit of coarse-woven bone.
The new bone, 7.0 mm thick in places, thins towards the metaphyses.
There is minimal endocranial involvement. Ground thin
sections of the tibial shaft (Fig. 2) show pathology confined to
the outermost cortex, which has given rise locally to new bone.
The sharply demarcated, coarse-woven new bone contains
enlarged, sub-spherical and randomly placed lacunae. There is
no evidence of abnormal remodelling of the underlying bone.
The dense mineralization of the specimen accounts for the fine
histological preservation, but precludes satisfactory radiological
examination."
https://www.nature.com/articles/296248a0
Thanks a lot, Pandora.
My comment there was:
Very interesting article, but the "explanation" of hypervitaminosis A is far-fetched,
It was the most likely diagnosis arrived at by a team of medical
doctors at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, a world-class medical
institution, presented with the case (see Chapter 8 "Food for Thought"
in "The Wisdom of the Bones" by Alan Walker and Pat Shipman. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/184866/the-wisdom-of-the-bones-by-alan-walker-and-pat-shipman/
impossible and unnecessary: most likely it was no pathology at all, but pachy-osteo-sclerosis (POS):
like all other mammals with POS, H.erectus (always found at lakes or coasts) regularly dived for
shallow-aquatic foods. This also explains erectus' early-Pleistocene intercontinental dispersal
(along the Indian Ocean coasts), his platycephaly, very wide body (flaring ilia), spectacular brain
enlargement (docosahexaenoid acid DHA in aquatic foods), development of stone tool use
(most likely H.erectus frequently dived for shellfish), etc. Google e.g. "coastal dispersal Pleistocene Homo 2018 PPT".
Your hypothesis can be rejected on the basis that there is a sharp demarcation between normal and coarse-woven "pathological" bone, which indicates an abrupt onset later in life of the conditions responsable
for the change in histology, not the result of a long-term,
genetically determined, ecological adaptation expressed from an early
age, and on the basis that this condition is unique to this specimen.
Op zondag 23 oktober 2022 om 15:58:25 UTC+2 schreef Pandora:
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A,
- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology:
comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
IOW, was ER-1808 no H.erectus s.s.?
Bernard Wood in Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 4: Hominid Cranial
Remains. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1991:
"The evidence of the cranial vault suggest that KNM-ER 1808 belongs to
the same hypodigm as KNM-ER 3733 and 3883. Consideration of the
preserved morphology seen in the mandible and dentition gives further
support for such an assessment.
Taxonomic attribution: Homo aff. H. erectus"
African H. erectus also considered a separate taxon, H. ergaster.
Do you have more (comparative or other) information ER-1808's bone histology?"The appendicular skeleton shows striking pathology, consisting
of subperiosteal diaphyseal deposit of coarse-woven bone.
The new bone, 7.0 mm thick in places, thins towards the metaphyses.
There is minimal endocranial involvement. Ground thin
sections of the tibial shaft (Fig. 2) show pathology confined to
the outermost cortex, which has given rise locally to new bone.
The sharply demarcated, coarse-woven new bone contains
enlarged, sub-spherical and randomly placed lacunae. There is
no evidence of abnormal remodelling of the underlying bone.
The dense mineralization of the specimen accounts for the fine
histological preservation, but precludes satisfactory radiological
examination."
https://www.nature.com/articles/296248a0
Thanks a lot, Pandora.
My comment there was:
Very interesting article, but the "explanation" of hypervitaminosis A is far-fetched,
It was the most likely diagnosis arrived at by a team of medical
Yes, only because they assumed that ER-1808 was a close human relative,
and they saw his bone histology was different from ours.
It's highly unlikely that a "diseased" creature would have survived.
Very dense bone in other animals is always an indication of aquatic habits. >We must consider the most likely explanation.
doctors at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, a world-class medical
institution, presented with the case (see Chapter 8 "Food for Thought"
in "The Wisdom of the Bones" by Alan Walker and Pat Shipman.
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/184866/the-wisdom-of-the-bones-by-alan-walker-and-pat-shipman/
impossible and unnecessary: most likely it was no pathology at all, but pachy-osteo-sclerosis (POS):
like all other mammals with POS, H.erectus (always found at lakes or coasts) regularly dived for
shallow-aquatic foods. This also explains erectus' early-Pleistocene intercontinental dispersal
(along the Indian Ocean coasts), his platycephaly, very wide body (flaring ilia), spectacular brain
enlargement (docosahexaenoid acid DHA in aquatic foods), development of stone tool use
(most likely H.erectus frequently dived for shellfish), etc. Google e.g. "coastal dispersal Pleistocene Homo 2018 PPT".
Your hypothesis can be rejected on the basis that there is a sharp
demarcation between normal and coarse-woven "pathological" bone, which
indicates an abrupt onset later in life of the conditions responsable
for the change in histology, not the result of a long-term,
genetically determined, ecological adaptation expressed from an early
age, and on the basis that this condition is unique to this specimen.
_____A Critical Examination of the Bone Pathology on KNM-ER 1808, a 1.6 Million Year Old Homo erectus from Koobi Fora, Kenya
Sean G Dolan 2011 Masters Thesis
Despite extensive study of the bone pathology that includes periosteal reaction & cortical bone-thickening on the 1.6 Ma H.erectus partial skeleton ER-1808, there is still no consensus on the cause of pathogenesis.
This Master’s thesis employed a more holistic approach than those taken previously,
it utilized evidence from Plio-Pleistocene archaeology, paleo-enviornmental studies & genetics, to infer the cause of bone pathology in ER-1808.
Previous studieshave diagnosed ER-1808 as having hypervit.A (Walker cs 1982), yaws Treponema pertenue (Rothschild cs 1995) & sickle-cell anemia (Jefferson 2004).
Symptoms of these diseases include
- periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening for hypervit.A, >> >> >> >- gummatous lesions, frontal bone lesions, periosteal reaction, tibial bowing & periosteal reaction for yaws,
- peri-osteal reaction, cortical bone thickening & tibial bowing for SCA.
By synthesizing the literature about multiple aspects of the early-Pleistocene, and from gross analysis of casts, X-rays & photos of ER-1808 & the proposed diseases, this research provides ample evidence to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
The hypervit.A diagnosis cannot be excluded or corroborated based on this research: the skeletal samplesize is small & inaccessible.
ER-1808 postcrania do not show any of the hallmark features of a treponemal infection or SCA.
Rothschild cs (1995) should not have provided a Treponema specific diagnosis: it is ill-advised to do so based on 1 partial skeleton or bone (Hackett 1976, Ortner & Putschar1981, Webb 1995, Meyer cs 2002).
ER-1808 only shows periosteal reaction & cortical bone thickening, which do not warrant a diagnosis for a treponemal infection or SCA.
ER-1808's climate is not conducive to yaws: he lived in an arid, dry climate, that had little rain, and she lived mostly through drought.
Genetics also refutes a diagnosis of a treponemal infection or SCA (Harper cs 2008, de Melo cs 2010, Liu cs 2010).
This research is significant because it updates the paleo-pathological & paleo-anthropological literature with new data from genetics & paleo-enviornmental studies to refute the yaws & SCA diagnosis.
Excellent study. The explanation is simple: it was no pathology: >> >> >> >comparative anatomy shows thick & dense cortical bone is an adaptation to slow & shallow diving.
The histology of the "woven" bone in ER-1808 is unique, distinctly different from the normal Haversian structure of cortical bone.
It is not seen in any other Homo erectus.
IOW, was ER-1808 no H.erectus s.s.?
Bernard Wood in Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 4: Hominid Cranial >> >> Remains. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1991:
"The evidence of the cranial vault suggest that KNM-ER 1808 belongs to >> >> the same hypodigm as KNM-ER 3733 and 3883. Consideration of the
preserved morphology seen in the mandible and dentition gives further >> >> support for such an assessment.
Taxonomic attribution: Homo aff. H. erectus"
African H. erectus also considered a separate taxon, H. ergaster.
Do you have more (comparative or other) information ER-1808's bone histology?"The appendicular skeleton shows striking pathology, consisting
of subperiosteal diaphyseal deposit of coarse-woven bone.
The new bone, 7.0 mm thick in places, thins towards the metaphyses.
There is minimal endocranial involvement. Ground thin
sections of the tibial shaft (Fig. 2) show pathology confined to
the outermost cortex, which has given rise locally to new bone.
The sharply demarcated, coarse-woven new bone contains
enlarged, sub-spherical and randomly placed lacunae. There is
no evidence of abnormal remodelling of the underlying bone.
The dense mineralization of the specimen accounts for the fine
histological preservation, but precludes satisfactory radiological
examination." https://www.nature.com/articles/296248a0
Thanks a lot, Pandora. My comment there was:
Very interesting article, but the "explanation" of hypervitaminosis A is far-fetched,
It was the most likely diagnosis arrived at by a team of medical
Yes, only because they assumed that ER-1808 was a close human relative,
The doctors were told only that she was an adult female of African ancestry. You don't think H. erectus/ergaster was a close human relative?
and they saw his bone histology was different from ours.and different from other H.erectus, but only immediately subperiostal.
It's highly unlikely that a "diseased" creature would have survived.
The doctors were told the patient likely died of the disease.
However, hypervitaminosis doesn't cause instant death. With a little
help from social conspecifics you may survive for weeks, during which
the subperiostal bone could have been deposited.
Very dense bone in other animals is always an indication of aquatic habits. >We must consider the most likely explanation.
In the case of extinct taxa not without consideration of macroanatomy
and the taphonomic and ecological context.
For example, the extinct sloth Thalassocnus was first considered
aquatic on the basis of taphonomic arguments and macroanatomy of
postcranial bones, only later confirmed by osteosclerosis and
pachyostosis. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0192
In H.erectus the taphonomic, ecological, and macroanatomical context
are not indicative of a habitual aquatic lifestyle.
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