The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome James A Fellows Yates cs 2021
PNAS 118(20)e2021655118
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021655118
Significance
The microbiome plays key roles in human health,
but little is known about its evolution.
We investigate the evol.history of the African hominid oral micro-biome by analyzing dental bio-films of Hs & Hn, spanning the past 100 ka, comparing them with chimps, gorillas & howler monkeys.
We identify 10 core bacterial genera, that have been maintained within the human lineage, and play key bio-film structural roles.
Many remain understudied & unnamed.
We find
- major taxonomic & functional differences between the oral micro-biomes of Homo & Pan,
- a high degree of similarity between Hn & Hs, e.g.
an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of starch digestion capability in oral streptococci, suggesting microbial co-adaptation with host diet.
Abstract
The oral microbiome plays key roles in human biology, health & disease, but little is known about the global diversity, variation or evolution of this microbial community.
We analyzed 124 dental bio-film metagenomes from humans, incl. Hn & late-Pleistocene to present-day Hs, chimps & gorillas + New World howler monkeys for comparison.
- a core micro-biome of primarily bio-film structural taxa has been maintained throughout African hominid evolution,
- these microbial groups are also shared with howler monkeys:
have they have been important oral members since before the catarrhine–platyrrhine split c 40 Ma?
However, community structure & individual microbial phylogenies do not closely reflect host relationships:with host diet.
the dental biofilms of Homo & Pan are distinguished by major taxonomic & functional differences.
Reconstructing oral meta-genomes from up to 100 ka, we show:
the microbial profiles of Hn & Hs are highly similar, sharing functional adaptations in nutrient metabolism, incl. an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of salivary amylase-binding capability by oral streptococci, suggesting microbial co-adaptation
We additionally find evidence of shared genetic diversity in the oral bacteria of Hn & UP Hs, not observed in later Hs.
Differences in the oral micro-biomes of African hominids provide insights into
- human evolution,
- the ancestral state of the human microbiome,
- a temporal framework for understanding microbial health & disease.
The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome James A Fellows Yates cs 2021
PNAS 118(20)e2021655118
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021655118
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