• Homo-specific starch digestion - no doubt for digesting antelopes :-DDD

    From littoral.homo@gmail.com@21:1/5 to All on Thu Sep 16 12:33:09 2021
    The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome
    James A Fellows Yates cs 2021
    PNAS 118(20)e2021655118
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021655118

    Significance

    The microbiome plays key roles in human health,
    but little is known about its evolution.

    We investigate the evol.history of the African hominid oral micro-biome by analyzing dental bio-films of Hs & Hn, spanning the past 100 ka, comparing them with chimps, gorillas & howler monkeys.
    We identify 10 core bacterial genera, that have been maintained within the human lineage, and play key bio-film structural roles.
    Many remain understudied & unnamed.
    We find
    - major taxonomic & functional differences between the oral micro-biomes of Homo & Pan,
    - a high degree of similarity between Hn & Hs, e.g.
    an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of starch digestion capability in oral streptococci, suggesting microbial co-adaptation with host diet.

    Abstract

    The oral microbiome plays key roles in human biology, health & disease, but little is known about the global diversity, variation or evolution of this microbial community.
    We analyzed 124 dental bio-film metagenomes from humans, incl. Hn & late-Pleistocene to present-day Hs, chimps & gorillas + New World howler monkeys for comparison.
    We find:
    - a core micro-biome of primarily bio-film structural taxa has been maintained throughout African hominid evolution,
    - these microbial groups are also shared with howler monkeys:
    have they have been important oral members since before the catarrhine–platyrrhine split c 40 Ma?

    However, community structure & individual microbial phylogenies do not closely reflect host relationships:
    the dental biofilms of Homo & Pan are distinguished by major taxonomic & functional differences.
    Reconstructing oral meta-genomes from up to 100 ka, we show:
    the microbial profiles of Hn & Hs are highly similar, sharing functional adaptations in nutrient metabolism, incl. an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of salivary amylase-binding capability by oral streptococci, suggesting microbial co-adaptation with
    host diet.
    We additionally find evidence of shared genetic diversity in the oral bacteria of Hn & UP Hs, not observed in later Hs.
    Differences in the oral micro-biomes of African hominids provide insights into - human evolution,
    - the ancestral state of the human microbiome,
    - a temporal framework for understanding microbial health & disease.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_l@21:1/5 to littor...@gmail.com on Thu Sep 16 18:36:57 2021
    On Thursday, September 16, 2021 at 3:33:10 PM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:
    The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome James A Fellows Yates cs 2021
    PNAS 118(20)e2021655118
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021655118

    Significance

    The microbiome plays key roles in human health,
    but little is known about its evolution.

    We investigate the evol.history of the African hominid oral micro-biome by analyzing dental bio-films of Hs & Hn, spanning the past 100 ka, comparing them with chimps, gorillas & howler monkeys.
    We identify 10 core bacterial genera, that have been maintained within the human lineage, and play key bio-film structural roles.
    Many remain understudied & unnamed.
    We find
    - major taxonomic & functional differences between the oral micro-biomes of Homo & Pan,
    - a high degree of similarity between Hn & Hs, e.g.
    an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of starch digestion capability in oral streptococci, suggesting microbial co-adaptation with host diet.

    Abstract

    The oral microbiome plays key roles in human biology, health & disease, but little is known about the global diversity, variation or evolution of this microbial community.
    We analyzed 124 dental bio-film metagenomes from humans, incl. Hn & late-Pleistocene to present-day Hs, chimps & gorillas + New World howler monkeys for comparison.


    We find:
    - a core micro-biome of primarily bio-film structural taxa has been maintained throughout African hominid evolution,
    - these microbial groups are also shared with howler monkeys:
    have they have been important oral members since before the catarrhine–platyrrhine split c 40 Ma?

    Parallel in rainforest anthropoids from stemming from shared rainforest ancestor.

    However, community structure & individual microbial phylogenies do not closely reflect host relationships:
    the dental biofilms of Homo & Pan are distinguished by major taxonomic & functional differences.
    Reconstructing oral meta-genomes from up to 100 ka, we show:
    the microbial profiles of Hn & Hs are highly similar, sharing functional adaptations in nutrient metabolism, incl. an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of salivary amylase-binding capability by oral streptococci, suggesting microbial co-adaptation
    with host diet.
    We additionally find evidence of shared genetic diversity in the oral bacteria of Hn & UP Hs, not observed in later Hs.
    Differences in the oral micro-biomes of African hominids provide insights into
    - human evolution,
    - the ancestral state of the human microbiome,
    - a temporal framework for understanding microbial health & disease.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Primum Sapienti@21:1/5 to littor...@gmail.com on Fri Sep 17 23:09:55 2021
    littor...@gmail.com wrote:
    The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome James A Fellows Yates cs 2021
    PNAS 118(20)e2021655118
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021655118



    The REAL text

    Significance
    The microbiome plays key roles in human health, but little is known about its evolution. We investigate the evolutionary history of the African hominid
    oral
    microbiome by analyzing dental biofilms of humans and Neanderthals spanning
    the past 100,000 years and comparing them with those of chimpanzees,
    gorillas,
    and howler monkeys. We identify 10 core bacterial genera that have been maintained within the human lineage and play key biofilm structural roles. However, many remain understudied and unnamed. We find major taxonomic
    and functional differences between the oral microbiomes of Homo and
    chimpanzees but a high degree of similarity between Neanderthals and modern humans, including an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of starch digestion capability in oral streptococci, suggesting microbial coadaptation with host diet.

    Abstract
    The oral microbiome plays key roles in human biology, health, and disease,
    but
    little is known about the global diversity, variation, or evolution of
    this microbial
    community. To better understand the evolution and changing ecology of the
    human oral microbiome, we analyzed 124 dental biofilm metagenomes from
    humans, including Neanderthals and Late Pleistocene to present-day modern humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas, as well as New World howler monkeys for comparison. We find that a core microbiome of primarily biofilm structural
    taxa
    has been maintained throughout African hominid evolution, and these microbial groups are also shared with howler monkeys, suggesting that they have been important oral members since before the catarrhine–platyrrhine split ca.
    40 Mya.
    However, community structure and individual microbial phylogenies do not closely
    reflect host relationships, and the dental biofilms of Homo and
    chimpanzees are distinguished by major taxonomic and functional
    differences. Reconstructing oral metagenomes from up to 100 thousand years
    ago, we show that the microbial
    profiles of both Neanderthals and modern humans are highly similar, sharing functional adaptations in nutrient metabolism. These include an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of salivary amylase-binding capability by oral streptococci, suggesting microbial coadaptation with host diet. We
    additionally
    find evidence of shared genetic diversity in the oral bacteria of
    Neanderthal and
    Upper Paleolithic modern humans that is not observed in later modern human populations. Differences in the oral microbiomes of African hominids provide insights into human evolution, the ancestral state of the human microbiome
    and
    a temporal framework for understanding microbial health and disease.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)