A new enhanced diatomaceous earth formulation, Inert-PMS, was tested for its persistence and insecticidal efficacy against four insect pests that infest stored wheat grains: Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle), Liposcelis paeta (psocid),
Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions at 28°C and 65% relative humidity. Inert-PMS was applied to wheat grains at three different dose rates: 50,
75 and 100 mg/kg. The insect mortality and reproduction were assessed after different exposure intervals: 24 hours, 4 days and 7 days. The persistence of Inert-PMS was also evaluated by applying it to wheat grains and storing them for 0, 30, 60, 90 and
120 days. The results showed that Inert-PMS killed more insects as the dose rate and exposure interval increased. The insecticidal efficacy of Inert-PMS remained constant up to 60 days of storage, but decreased after 90 and 120 days. Among the four
insect pests, L. paeta and C. ferrugineus were the most sensitive to Inert-PMS, with 100% mortality at 75 mg/kg after 4 days. R. dominica was the next most susceptible insect pest, with 81% mortality at the same dose rate and exposure interval. T.
castaneum was the least susceptible insect pest, with only 72% mortality at 75 mg/kg after 4 days. Inert-PMS also reduced the reproduction of the insect pests at lower dose rates. Inert-PMS is an eco-friendly formulation that not only interferes with the
growth and development of stored grain insects but is also cheap and free from ill effects .

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Inert-PMS is a type of diatomaceous earth (DE), which is a natural insecticide made from the fossilised skeletons of diatoms, a group of microscopic algae. Diatoms have silica shells that are very porous and sharp, and can absorb lipids from the insect
cuticle. When insects come into contact with DE, the silica particles pierce their cuticle and absorb the protective wax layer, causing them to lose water and die from dehydration . DE is an inert and nontoxic dust that does not harm humans, animals or
plants. It is also resistant to insect resistance development, as it acts mechanically rather than chemically.


However, not all DE products are equally effective as insecticides. The insecticidal efficacy of DE depends on several factors, such as the purity, particle size, shape, uniformity, pH and oil absorbing capacity of the formulation. Inert-PMS is a new
enhanced DE formulation that has been developed to improve its insecticidal properties. It has a high purity of amorphous silica (> 90%), a small particle size (Inert-PMS can be applied to stored wheat grains as a preventive or curative treatment against
insect infestation. It can be mixed with the grains at the recommended dose rates of 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg, depending on the level of infestation and the target insect species. It can also be applied as a surface treatment on the top layer of the grains or
on the walls and floors of the storage facilities. Inert-PMS provides long-lasting protection against insect pests for up to 60 days, after which it may lose some of its efficacy due to settling or removal by cleaning . Inert-PMS is an environmentally
friendly and economical alternative to chemical insecticides for stored grain protection.


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