[continued from previous message]

The firm said it “has made a strategic decision to focus our company resources on other development efforts.” Director of Engineering Dave
Pinson will join ENCO.

Users of TTV include “The Tonight Show” and local TV stations. It translates English closed captions into Spanish in real time. 

[Check Out More Products at Radio World’s Products Section]

ENCO noted that it already offers Spanish and other language translation in
its automated enTranslate service, but the latter only supports cloud-based processing. TTV, it said, is an on-premises system, which some customers
will prefer.

ENCO also said it plans to use this technology to develop an on-premises Spanish-language translation and captioning offering “for financial institutions, corporations, government bodies and universities that
restrict access to sensitive information.”

It quoted President Ken Frommert saying it plans to integrate TTV with its enCaption automated captioning. “We will enable this technology to natively accept live and prerecorded audio feeds and automatically convert them to
text. Our same workflow will inject these translations onto multiple
consumer platforms, presenting live, accurate captions on TV sets, desktop, laptops and mobile devices.”

The post ENCO Acquires TTV Translation System appeared first on Radio World.


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NAB Insists on Further Deregulation

Posted: 06 Jul 2022 12:28 PM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/business-and-law/nab-insists-on-further-deregulation


In its latest filing with the Federal Communications Commission, the
National Association of Broadcasters says radio owners should be allowed
more economies of scale, laying out a grim picture about the business conditions and outlook for radio.

Every two years the FCC must prepare a report assessing the state of competition in the communications marketplace, including in audio and video services. The NAB has used the comment period to repeat and expand on its longstanding arguments that local broadcasters face fierce competition
while burdened by “antiquated and asymmetric regulatory restrictions.”

The report is 63 pages plus another 102 of appendices. But here are several main points about radio specifically; and a link to the full report is at
the end:
Splintered media

“Similar to the effects of the Great Recession, the pandemic and associated economic downturn dealt a serious blow to the radio industry, with stations struggling to regain their pre-COVID position in the marketplace,” NAB
wrote.

It provided numerous data points to show that consumer adoption of digital devices and competing audio services continues apace. 

“This widespread consumer adoption of other audio (and video) options has splintered the formerly ‘mass’ media audiences for broadcast radio (and TV). AM/FM radio’s share of listening by Americans 13+ has fallen over time … This decline clearly was exacerbated by the pandemic, which reduced the time consumers spent (and still spend) in their cars, but it also reflects
the increase in audiences’ time spent on streaming audio, podcasts,
satellite radio, music videos on YouTube, short video clips on social media sites, audiobooks, and still other options.”

The conclusion, NAB said, is that “the commission must reconfirm that AM/FM radio operates in a larger audio marketplace and has multiple and growing competitors for audiences’ time and attention.”
A larger market

The “Great Recession” and the “Great Pandemic” both delivered serious economic blows to the radio industry, NAB continued.

It said that given their dependence on advertising revenues and the source
of those revenues, the radio industry was particularly hard hit by the
COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic downturn, and that there were 180 fewer full-power commercial AM/FM stations at the end of 2021 compared to
two years earlier.

[See Our Business and Law Page]

“Advertising-dependent local broadcast stations cannot expend resources
they do not have to improve their services offered to local communities or even, in some cases, to maintain the same level of services they provided
in the past.”

NAB said the FCC “must confirm in its upcoming competition report that
AM/FM radio is only one participant in a broader advertising market
dominated by large digital ad platforms and is only one content provider in
a media market with seemingly unlimited listening (and viewing) options for consumers.”
Not a level field

“The broadcast industry competes on an unequal playing field against much larger competitors and needs greater scale and investment to continue
offering effective local service to communities of all sizes,” NAB wrote.

It said broadcast radio consists of tens of thousands of stations owned by thousands of separate owners. “Even full-power commercial radio station ownership is dispersed among 3,001 separate owners.” That compares to much higher concentrations in satellite radio (with one provider), the digital
ad market and recorded music.

The association argued that “most of radio’s toughest competition” comes from internet companies owned by vastly larger entities, including
America’s biggest tech platforms. The leading online brands are Spotify, YouTube Music, Pandora, Apple Music and Amazon Music. 

“To say that broadcasters face challenges in successfully competing in a marketplace dominated by competitors of such vast scale and financial
resources seriously understates the problem.”

Further, the same companies, unlike radio broadcasters, own and control the technologies consumers use to access and listen to online audio, and have expanded their reach into automobiles through integrated mobile operating systems.

“[H]ow are the thousands of separate owners of radio stations — even the largest of which has but a fraction of the negotiating power of the tech
giants — supposed to ensure their place in the dashboard of the future? The commission cannot simply assume that in the digital age auto makers will continue to include AM/FM radio in cars’ ‘infotainment’ systems or, even if
included, will ensure that terrestrial radio remains easily accessible in a dashboard configured to feature Apples/Google’s integrated mobile operating systems, satellite radio and/or Amazon’s voice assistant technology. The
tech and audio giants have no incentive to design any systems to feature competing content sources, such as AM/FM radio.”

NAB said the FCC needs to recognize “these larger competitive and technological forces that may threaten the viability of OTA, ad-supported
AM/FM stations licensed to local communities.” It should  reexamine its regulatory regime and eliminate or revise rules “uniquely burdening terrestrial radio stations but not broadcasters’ exponentially larger competitors.” Specifically, the FCC should revise the local radio ownership limits, which it says discourage investment and impede stations in numerous ways. 

The only way broadcasters can pay for enhanced programming, staff and infrastructure, NAB concluded, is to allow broadcasters to “achieve
increased scale economies.”

In sum, NAB said, if the country wants public service, “the FCC’s policies must support the broadcast industry’s ‘economic viability’ in today’s — not
yesteryear’s — media and advertising markets. … At some point, some broadcasters may come to believe that the best competitive strategy may be
a simple shift to offering audio and video content via unregulated platforms.”

[Read the filing.]

The post NAB Insists on Further Deregulation appeared first on Radio World.


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DAB+ Listening Sees Increase in Bavaria

Posted: 06 Jul 2022 11:04 AM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/global/dab-listening-sees-increase-in-bavaria


Across Bavaria, radio listening remains strong and increasingly it is
digital.

According to the latest Funkanalyse Bayern Hörfunk survey, 82.4% of
Bavarians aged 14 and older reported listening to the radio on weekdays
with 25.7% tuning to one or more of Bavaria’s 80-plus local radio stations. Total daily audio listening in any format was at 91.1% with 10.8% of respondents reporting listening to their own music collection and 27.6%
using streaming services.

There was a slight dip of one percentage point from 2021 to 2022 in radio listening; however, it during the 2021 survey period Bavaria was in a COVID-related lockdown and the difference is attributed to greater mobility during the 2022 survey period.

When it came to how Bavarians tuned to the radio, analog FM remains strong
with 58.7% of daily weekday listening among those age 14+. Digital
platforms were used for 42% of daily weekday listening; 27.8% of daily
weekday listening was via DAB+, 16.5% via the internet, 2.5% via cable, and 1.1% via satellite. Most people enjoyed both analog and digital radio
services, but 21.5% reported listening only via digital platforms.
A slide from Funkanalyse Bayern Hörfunk 2022 showing weekday daily
listening by platform, 14+. Total radio listening is the gray bar to the
left; UKW is the German-language acronym for FM radio.

About 44% of the Bavarian population has access to DAB+ radios and the
survey found there are about 3 million daily DAB+ listeners in the state,
an increase of about 150,000 people from the prior survey. About 15% of
these people reported listening to radio only via DAB+, causing Bavarian
State Center for New Media (BLM) President Dr. Thorsten Schmiege to note
that “The future belongs to DAB+.”

[Related: 2021: Best Year Yet for DAB+ in Germany]

The greatest daily radio consumers were aged 50 and older, with 87.6% of
their daily listening being to radio, 21.4% of which was to local radio.
Those aged 14–29, however, listened to radio and streaming services in near equal amounts — 68.5% for radio vs. 66.3% to streaming services. Those aged 30–49 were the largest consumers of local radio with 32.9% of their daily listening happening on local radio; total daily radio listening for this
group was at 83.2%.
Audio listening by age group showing total audio (gray), total radio (dark blue), local radio (light blue), owned music (green), and streaming
(orange). Local radio listening is also included within the total radio bar.

The survey found that among those 14+, public-service broadcaster
Bayerischer Rundfunk held about 47% of the market share compared to 40% for private broadcasters in the state, an increase of 0.1% for both compared to 2021. National broadcasters or stations originating from outside of Bavaria accounted for 13% of the market share, a drop of 0.2%.

Among all listeners, the top station was BR’s Bayern 1 at 29.5% of daily listening, followed by private hit music station Antenne Bayern at 21.5%
and BR’s Bayern 3 at 18.9%. However, Bayern 1 benefits greatly from
listeners age 50+; looking just at listeners 14–49, Antenne Bayern rates a Monday–Friday daily reach of 25.6% and Bayern 3 scores 23.5%, while Bayern
1 drops to 17.8%.

Most radio listening, more than 59%, continued to occur in the home,
followed by listening at work (23.1%), in the car (14.9%), and other
locations (2.7%).

“Local radio and local television are relevant — the new figures clearly show that. They prove that local information, mixed with the human factor
— emotion, dialect, humor — works!” Schmiege stated. He also noted that having good coverage is does not always equate to success, pointing instead
to quality content, a presence on all available platforms, and real local talent.

The 2022 Funkanalyse Bayern Hörfunk survey was conducted by survey firm Kantar. Around 23,000 people aged 14+ were contacted across Bavaria for the radio survey. The results were released July 5, 2002, at the
Lokalrundfunktage local radio conference. Full survey results are available
via the Funkanalyse website.

The post DAB+ Listening Sees Increase in Bavaria appeared first on Radio
World.


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Build a Customizable Thermal Sensor

Posted: 06 Jul 2022 09:14 AM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/tech-and-gear/tech-tips/build-a-customizable-thermal-sensor



The author is a longtime contributor whose articles about engineering and
radio history are a popular recurring feature.

Broadcast engineers love to talk. Recently, over a pleasant long lunch,
between being handed the menu and the final credit card receipt, the conversation was all about equipment and its manufacturers.

Somewhat surprising was that we cohorts all shared a sort of uniform
appraisal of one particular purveyor that has the knack of supplying gear which, no matter how challenging the task, seems to have that highly
desirable perfection of elegant simplicity of design.

These folks just seem to be able to choose the ideal circuit solution,
select the optimal devices, somehow minimize the parts count as well as
achieve exceptional feature flexibility with an intuitive operating
ergometric control panel. No wonder the firm has had a longevity of success
and a sterling reputation to match.

On the drive home, I pondered my own design work over these last nearly 60 years. What was my design record and how would my own work stand up? 

In the rearview mirror review, I seemed to have toggled between mostly the
near obscenely overly complex and a small handful of well-realized,
durable, slick circuit solutions.

Out of this rumination, one simple yet highly useful device with a Spartan simplicity came to mind that has been optimized on my drawing board over a dozen reincarnations.
An old friend

Most recently, a need has appeared for small translator transmitters to
deliver the low-power FM signals assigned to AM stations. 

Like many laboring on these projects, I fabricated a purpose-built unit in
the 200-watt class, and as on past similar efforts, I found that I needed
an accurate operating internal thermometer with digital readout.

To that point of simplicity the most often-used, cost-effective sensing
device for this application is an old friend, the venerable LM-34, which outputs a linear voltage analog of the ambient temperature. 

From this starting point of an accurate proportional value, this particular version of my classic design can accomplish many tasks and provide an
important measurement.

Please review the schematic shown at the top of this article, as it will
help you follow along with the circuit explanation.

The LM-34 provides 10 mV of output per degree Fahrenheit from 5° F to 300°
F if no offset compensation is used to allow reading temps below 5° F. As such, typical room temperature (72° F) would produce 0.72 volts at the output. 

This device comes in three formats but most often looks like a plastic
TO-92 transistor. It is quite amazing as it has all the circuitry to
generate this analog output as well as an internal regulator, so you can impress any supply voltage from 5 to 20 volts … all inside this tiny device.

(The metal can TO-46 format, pricy and often hard to find in one quantity,
is available as a help in horrendous RF environments as the ground/common
lead grounds the can.)
The project is in its nascent stage with components roughly positioned on
the proto PCB to make certain that all will fit and optimal, uncomplicated interconnection can be made.

Many people use this voltage output directly, but in an RF environment,
it’s good engineering practice to amplify the output so that it is above
the residual noise level as much as possible. The 0.01 uF ceramic
capacitors on the LM-34’s voltage supply input and the analog output to ground are attached as close as possible to the device and are for RF decoupling. The specification of Belden 8451 or equivalent wire shields the signal flow of this low-level data as it travels.

This layout does use the output directly as a selected input for a typical
200 mV front-panel digital meter. The parallel 20-turn 100 kΩ
potentiometers are a trifling and stabilizing load at 50 kΩ for the LM-34.
The pot, when properly adjusted, allowed a direct temperature display on
the meter. Not drawn but a nice touch was for that same switch that selects this metering input choice also properly positions the decimal point on the meter.

[Check out more of Radio World’s Tech Tips]

The ubiquitous LM-392, one of the oldest and most useful of the DIP-type
linear ICs, conveniently has two distinct sections perfect for this
project. The first works well as an op-amp, and the second as a very nice comparator. 

We’ll ask this IC to perform both these tasks for us. The former section provide gain for easier signal handling and a more definite decision point,
and the latter is used as a comparator to generate a temperature extreme
alarm.

In the case of my unattended LPFMs, I used the overtempt, as shown in the schematic, to latch off the RF power amplifier for attention to the
problem’s cause at a later time, preventing self-generated damage in the meantime.
The finished PCB assembly in initial test. After high-temp trip setting,
the board will go to its final home position inside an LPFM transmitter.

The gain of this little op-amp as drawn is a nominal 3, which raises the
72° F (0.72 volts) previously mentioned to about 2.2 volts. You’ll also notice an optional branching resistor from this stage output which allows
one to take a healthy voltage sample to a remote control system’s telemetry input, which can be used as an analog value to display the temperature
sensed by the LM-34. This resistor is shown as 10 kΩ, but you can lower
this value some if your remote control system requires more sink current. Substituting an LM-35 for the temperature sensor allows display of
centigrade such as this 16.2C, which is about 62 degrees Fahrenheit in the basement shop this winter morn.

The comparator has a fixed trip point of 3.3 volts, which when finally
adjusted I made correspond to 122° F, sort of the universal maximum high temperature to which most broadcast gear is intended to operate properly.

Since the LM-34 conveniently outputs a linear voltage, substituting 1.22
volts in place of the LM-34’s output allows you to set the 122° F trip
point by adjusting R1 to activate the trip. The latch relay that I used was
a 4.5-volt type intended to work in TTL circuits. The latch coil draws
about 16 mA to operate, and that is within the range of the comparator section’s independent output pass transistor’s 40 mA limit. This transistor conducts to IC ground (open collector) when “high,” and hence is in the negative return of the latch coil.
After the trip point has been set for 122 degrees, the meter display pot is then adjusted to 122.

The first insert is a following high-current control for sinking more
current if needed. If you need to change voltage levels, such as
controlling 24 volts, a 4N33 optical Darlington isolator works really well.

The reset push button is mounted front-panel on my LPFM amp, and this sends
a voltage to the high side of the “unlatch” coil through electrolytic capacitor C1, which allows current to flow into the unlatch coil for about
one second. The 3.3 kΩ resistor will discharge the capacitor in less than
five seconds unless you continue to push the button.

If voltage is present on the latch coil, the relay can’t move. If the temperature has dropped below the trip point, the relay will reset,
allowing overtemp operation once again.

As noted, you can customize this circuit in whole or in part for your own applications. You can use the latch feature to latch a status alarm on your remote control. As noted, you can simultaneously grab the op-amp output for
a low-noise temperature value for the remote control. You can bring out the reset (unlatch coil) control to your remote control to test if the alarm is ongoing or past. You can eliminate the latch section and thermostatically operate the AC or a fan. 

In smart remote control systems, you can even use the overtemp to summon
the HVAC repair people on high temperature alarm. 

Elegant, simple, flexible, useful. As was said at the end of the original “Outer Limits,” we now turn control over to you.

[Related: Sometimes It’s Best to Roll Your Own]
Top Tips

As the Brits say, here are some “top tips” to help your project come together successfully. 

Multi-turn PCB pots as appear in this project, usually in very tiny print,
are marked for rotation direction with the related change in resistance
value. I find that marking the pot arm that is furthest from the center arm when the pot is fully clockwise (CW) that in most circuits is connected to ground with a black sharpie reduces orientation mistakes. 

The end of the multiturn pot — blackened to avoid orientation errors.

Working on small prototype PCBs I have the best results using ultra-thin
solder and running my Weller WESD51 soldering station at 567 degrees F. In
that series the ETA-1/16 1.6 mm screwdriver tip, for me, matches the DIP
spaced solder pads best avoiding solder bridges between sections. 

The author inspects his solder work under the magnifier. Notice the 1N914s under board, placed there as back voltage protection for the relay coils.

With prototype PCBs, you achieve your best results if you really plan your layout ahead. Temporarily mount/position your components and then make an accurate drawing to any needed connection pads or wire jumpers. Yes, this
is tedious but winging as you go quite often boxes you in such that you
have to trash what you’ve done to that point.
Always inspect your work as you go and especially before any periodic
testing. With proto PCB DIP-type construction, look carefully at the solder traces and if possible with either a jeweler’s eye or magniscope. Catching errors at an early stage will save you a lot of grief and troubleshooting
time later on. 


The post Build a Customizable Thermal Sensor appeared first on Radio World.


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Sennheiser Acquires Merging Technologies

Posted: 06 Jul 2022 07:59 AM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/sennheiser-acquires-merging-technologies


This story was originally posted by our sister publication Mix. 

Sennheiser has acquired Swiss digital audio specialists Merging
Technologies, which will now operate alongside Neumann.Berlin under the Sennheiser Group umbrella.

According to Claude Cellier, founder and CEO of Merging Technologies, “Neumann.Berlin and Merging Technologies are a perfect match, and the collaboration opens up new opportunities for both parties. Both companies
share a passion for excellence and a commitment to always set new standards
in audio.”

Merging Technologies — a noted supplier of AD/DA solutions and digital
audio workstations, as well as a pioneer in software development to support
the AES-67 standard — will become part of the Sennheiser Group through the strategic partnership. Merging’s team of around 20 people will continue to
be located at the company’s site in Puidoux, Switzerland, but will work closely with the Neumann team in Berlin. Both sides have agreed not to
disclose financial details.
L to R: Ralf Oehl, CEO of Georg Neumann, Andreas Sennheiser, co-CEO of the Sennheiser Group, and Claude Cellier, founder and CEO of Merging
Technologies.

According to a company statement, the integration is part of Neumann’s
growth strategy. “We plan to strengthen Neumann’s offering, particularly in the area of digital workstreams, in order to provide our customers with holistic audio solutions in studio quality,” says Ralf Oehl, CEO of Georg Neumann GmbH. “Merging Technologies’ products and solutions are an excellent complement to the Neumann product portfolio. We are therefore
very much looking forward to working together with the Merging team.”

The first joint product of the partnership between Neumann.Berlin and
Merging Technologies will reportedly be a Neumann audio interface that
enables the integration of Neumann products into a digital infrastructure.
The existing portfolio of the two companies will apparently remain
unchanged.

“We are very pleased to welcome Merging’s employees as part of the Sennheiser Group,” says Andreas Sennheiser, co-CEO of the Sennheiser Group. “As a family-owned company, we want to grow sustainably on the strength of our own resources in the coming years. To achieve this, we are investing significantly in our professional business.”

The post Sennheiser Acquires Merging Technologies appeared first on Radio World.


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Inside the July 6, 2022 Issue of Radio World

Posted: 06 Jul 2022 02:47 AM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/resource-center/digital-editions/inside-the-july-6-2022-issue-of-radio-world


Hybrid station operations are here to stay in radio. We talk with leading technology executives Sarah Foss, Mike Everhart, George Molnar and Lamar
Smith about the implications.

Also: Dan Slentz tries out Descript, an all-in-one audio and video editing
and transcription tool.

Fred Baumgartner revisits a sign he hung in 1991.

Bob Orban and Greg Ogonowski comment on upmixing.

Buyer’s Guide reviews the latest in consoles and mixers.

Read it here.

The post Inside the July 6, 2022 Issue of Radio World appeared first on
Radio World.


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BBC News Ukraine Marks 30th Anniversary Amid Global Turmoil

Posted: 05 Jul 2022 02:43 PM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/global/bbc-news-ukraine-marks-30th-anniversary-amid-global-turmoil

On June 1, 1992, the BBC started short- and medium-wave radio broadcasts
for then newly-independent Ukraine.  Today, BBC News Ukraine (BBC News Україна) serves its audience via its website and through numerous social media platforms including YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and TikTok.
The Ukrainian service was the BBC’s first non-Russian language service for the post-Soviet states, said the broadcasting company in a recent press release. Initially based in London, with correspondents in Ukraine, the
service eventually moved to digital platforms, primarily delivered from
Kyiv.
“The excellent work of the BBC’s Ukrainian service has gone from strength to strength over the decades, said Director of BBC World Service Liliane Landor.

As BBC marks 30 years of serving its Ukrainian-speaking audience, however, Russia’s war on Ukraine continues to hold the global center stage.

[Visit Radio Worlds Global News Page]
When Russia launched its assault on Ukraine February 24, 2022, the BBC News Ukraine began its live coverage. Published as the first explosions shook
Kyiv, the live page continues to provide a platform for comprehensive
reporting and analysis months later.

Their coverage of the war really showcases their outstanding and often
selfless professionalism, as demonstrated by each and everyone in the team, said Landor. Their journalism has been crucial, both for their direct
audience and for the BBC’s UK and global audiences.”
According to the BBC, on the first week of the Russia invasion, BBC News Ukraine reached a record 5.6 million people across its website and social platforms. Over the following two months, the service has maintained a
weekly digital audience that is more than double its average for previous years.

The post BBC News Ukraine Marks 30th Anniversary Amid Global Turmoil
appeared first on Radio World.


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Slam on Your Brakes and Check This Out

Posted: 05 Jul 2022 10:51 AM PDT https://www.radioworld.com/columns-and-views/workbench/slam-on-your-brakes-and-check-this-out


Newman-Kees principal consultant Frank Hertel has been back at the drawing board. This time, he has developed a damped microphone desk stand. 

It’s a 15-minute project that costs about $35 and yields a pretty snazzy-looking unique stand.

If you chose to add the Zramo Large Condenser Microphone, it will add
another $15 or so to the project (and you get a shock mount and pop
filtering to boot). Total out-of-pocket is about $49.

Before we begin, Frank adds a word about the Zramo mic. That word is “excellent.” He says you will be awed by the microphone’s performance and quality of build, despite its low cost.

The mic is made in China and is unlabeled for rebranding. It comes with the shock mount and pop filter, necessary for close speaking. 

Keep in mind that this is a phantom-powered microphone, and since it is a cardioid mic, you will need to add a marking to identify the front or
speaker side. Frank used a piece of gold decretive auto trim tape for that purpose. 

The parts required are shown on the accompanying list.


If your shop is like Frank’s, the cost of construction will be even lower. Frank’s project cost only $21 because he had most of the parts sitting on the shelf from other projects. Even if you need to purchase all
of the parts, the $49 will yield you a very well damped desk stand and
useful condenser microphone.  

The desk stand was something Frank decided to fabricate for use with the
mic. since he had most of the parts on hand. One lucky aspect of the
project is that the holes in the microphone flange matched the dimension spacing of the holes in the Dymoece Brake Disc. So all he needed was a screwdriver to bolt the two pieces together, and a pair of scissors to trim
the “felt feet” to fit the contour of the brake disc. Frank also used a black “paint pen” to color the felt feet where they were visible through the top holes of the brake disc.  
Click on the photo below to toggle through the parts needed for the mic
stand.










[Read Another Workbench by John Bisset]

Frank adds that the rumble feed-through from the countertop and through the base of the fabricated desk stand is minimal. It slides easily and makes
little noise in the process.

It is an easy project that happened to not require drilling or cutting; everything automatically fit. The photos above show the construction. If
you choose the Zramo mic, remember that it needs phantom power.

Let me know how your project turns out. Send high-resolution pictures and comments to johnpbisset@gmail.com. Much thanks to Frank Hertel for a fun project.

Sent us those ideas! Workbench tips qualify for SBE recertification credit
and help your fellow readers. 

The post Slam on Your Brakes and Check This Out appeared first on Radio
World.

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