https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/09/02/bidens-bungled-talking-point-muzzle-velocity-ar-15s/
“Do you realize the bullet out of an AR-15 travels five times as
rapidly as a bullet shot out of any other gun, five times — is lighter
— and can pierce Kevlar?”
— President Biden, remarks on Safer America plan in Wilkes-Barre,
Penn., Aug. 30
“The most common rounds fired from an AR-15 move almost twice as fast
as that from a handgun.”
— Biden, remarks on Safer Communities Act at the White House, July 11
Several readers asked about the president’s comment this week that a
round from an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle travels five times faster than
any other gun. When we asked about the evidence for this claim, a
White House official pointed to his remarks in July — “almost twice as
fast” — as a more specific statement.
Translation: the president bungled the statistic the second time
around. As is often the case with Biden, a carefully-crafted sentence
in his prepared text got hyped up in his retelling weeks later.
Still, we were curious at what academic research shows.
The Facts
First of all, Biden was clearly wrong in his statement this week.
“President Biden’s statement that a bullet shot from an AR-15 travels
5x faster than a bullet shot out of ‘any other gun’ is false,” said E. Gregory Wallace, a law professor at Campbell University who has
closely examined the lethality of AR-15s, in an email. “His statement
that the AR-15’s bullet can penetrate the soft Kevlar vests worn by
law enforcement is correct.” But Wallace added that the statement
lacked context: “That is true of almost all centerfire rifle bullets.
Body armor protection against rifle bullets require steel, ceramic, or composite plates.”
A 2016 academic study by a group of trauma surgeons led by Peter Rhee,
titled “Gunshot wounds: A review of ballistics, bullets, weapons, and
myths,” examined the muzzle velocity of various firearms. Muzzle
velocity is the speed at which the bullet leaves the barrel of the
weapon. That is then used to calculate muzzle energy, which equates to wounding potential. The further a bullet gets from a firearm, the less
energy and wounding power it has.
A .44 magnum handgun, for instance, has muzzle velocity of 1,550 feet
per second, the study said. A 9mm handgun, the most popular, has
muzzle velocity of 1,200 feet per second.
Meanwhile, an AR-15 5.56 caliber weapon clocks in at 3,251 feet per
second. That would be almost three times faster than the 9mm handgun.
“Muzzle velocity is determined by several factors, including bullet
size and weight and barrel length, but generally .223 or 5.56 rounds typically fired from AR-15s have a velocities in the high 2000s to low
3000s feet per second (fps),” Wallace said. “Handguns, on the other
hand, fire rounds at slower velocities, with 9mm rounds in the
1000-1100 fps range and .45 caliber rounds in the 900-1000 fps range. Centerfire rifles rounds (e.g., not .22 caliber rifles) typically have
higher velocities than handguns.”
Within those parameters, the more careful sentence Biden uttered in
July — “the most common rounds fired from an AR-15 move almost twice
as fast as that from a handgun” even slightly understates the case.
But Wallace also said the “larger point [Biden] seems to be making
about AR-15s is that they are more lethal or dangerous than ‘all other
guns’ because of their high velocity rounds. … Considering all
relevant factors, including velocity, the AR-15 is more lethal than
some firearms, but less lethal than others.” At 100 yards, the AR-15’s velocity is only slightly faster than most hunting rifles.
In a 2020 article for the Tennessee Law Review, Wallace criticized
several legal rulings that he said assumed AR-15s are more lethal than
other firearms. “The AR-15’s rate of fire is virtually identical to non-banned semiautomatic handguns, rifles, and shotguns,” he wrote.
“Its accuracy is better than some firearms but worse than others. Like
any rifle, its bullets typically cause more serious wounds than
handguns, but not as serious wounds as larger-caliber hunting and
target rifles.”
The Pinocchio Test
Regular readers know that we don’t play gotcha, so this won’t be
rated. Biden got his talking point correct in July, while messing it
up in August. In the interest of keeping presidential statements
correct, the White House should correct the official transcript with a notation that Biden should have said two times, rather than five
times. Readers also should be aware the comparison on muzzle velocity
may say less about the lethality of AR-15s than Biden implies.
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