Robert Jasiek's Go Theory Research
http://home.snafu.de/jasiek/RobertJasiekGoTheoryResearch.html
Preface
My 1000 informal or semi-formal principles, of which many are
important for go theory and more often correct than those by other
writers, and minor definitions, research etc. are not mentioned here.
After some preliminary studies, I began serious research in go theory
in 1996.
The research is by Robert Jasiek unless other names are stated. Two or
more names without attributes are listed in decreasing order of
contribution. Names separated by a slash indicate equal contribution.
Outside the lists of most important inventions, bold font denotes the relatively more important research.
Many inventions reveal gaps in earlier common informal knowledge and
in teaching by professional players. The "Neutral stone difference" is
an example of a simple concept that professional players apply but
amateurs often do not apply because it has not been taught by anybody
except me, although each new neutral stone too many equals one pass
during the middle game.
The two top inventions for players ("Playing simple gotes without
follow-ups in decreasing order" and "Timing during the early endgame
of playing in a local gote in an environment") are inventions from the
view of mathematical research and confirm common informal knowledge.
Some other inventions ("Non-existence of local double sente",
"Counter-example for always seeking tedomari" and "Counter-examples
for always playing a simple gote with one follow-up in an environment
of simple gotes without follow-ups in decreasing order of move
values") refute common informal knowledge. We cannot trust common
informal knowledge but we can trust mathematical theorems.
Difficulty and effort of inventions do not correlate with their
importance. It was difficult to prove "Timing during the early endgame
of playing in a local gote in an environment" but took me only 20
minutes to prove "Playing simple gotes without follow-ups in
decreasing order". Although the proof only needs school mathematics,
several go players failed to prove it. I only list mine as
"alternative proof" (instead of full "invention") because it expresses
taking numbers in decreasing order, for which I could not find a proof
but only much research by mathematicians on advanced alternating sums.
Please let me know if you find some proof dated before 2021!
Although many simple but important inventions can be made, there are
only a few serious researchers in go theory. A reason may be that
simple but important theory does not pop up by itself. It requires
years, or even many years, of study to see through the fog of less
relevant knowledge.
Abbreviations
[A] = alternative proof
[C] = invented general major concept
[D] = definition or overview
[G] = general knowledge stated as principle, procedure, method,
definition, rule or ruleset; applies to arbitrary values and arbitrary positions of a class
[I] = invention
[T] = theorem and proof; therefore application is always correct
[W] = first or probably first to write down clearly verbal knowledge
in English, German or possibly world literature
[b] = book
[m] = message
[p] = paper or webpage
The Most Important Inventions for Players
1. Playing simple gotes without follow-ups in decreasing order [GA]
[b] [like taking numbers in decreasing order]
2. Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote in an
environment [IGT] [b]
3. Verify types of local endgames to determine their correct values.
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek / Bill Spight]
4. Equivalence of conditions (gote / sente count versus gote /
follow-up move value versus sente / follow-up move value versus gote /
sente move value) of local endgame with one simple follow-up [IGT]
[bm] [proofs Robert Jasiek, conjectures Bill Spight]
5. Neutral stone difference, neutral-or-dead stone difference [ICGD]
[b]
6. Earliest and latest moments of playing in a local endgame in sente
or reverse sente depending on the enironment [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight,
Robert Jasiek]
7. Several local endgames
- Creator starting in the larger local endgame with one follow-up
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Preventer starting in the larger local endgame with one follow-up
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
8. Use the principle of extreme difference values to simplify reading
for several iterative local endgames. [IG] [b]
9. Approach plays affecting the score [IGT] [b]
10. Direct connection, indirect connection [IWGD] [b]
11. Influence stone difference [ICGD] [b]
12. Re-definition of two-eye-formation [IGD] [pm]
13. Definition of stability [ICGD] [b]
14. Classification of regions [IWG] [b]
15. Definition of current territory [ICGD] [b] [there was the
predecessor Cho Chikun]
16. Value of a fighting region [ICGD] [b]
17. Relation between area count and territory count [IG] [b]
18. Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of playing in a
local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
19. For a local sente during the early endgame at high temperature,
play in the environment [IGT] [b]
20. Ordinary evaluation of long sequences by the method of making a
hypothesis [IG] [b]
21. Evaluation and choice in a ko exchange [IWG] [b]
22. Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame in a local endgame with one
follow-up in an environment [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
23. Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
24. Generalised connection (n-connected) [ICGD] [b]
25. General definition of thickness [ICGD] [b] (informal and formal
versions; simplified types; degrees and evaluation)
26. General definition of influence [ICGD] [b] (informal and formal
versions; degrees and evaluation)
27. Non-existence of local double sente [IGT] [bm] [Francisco Criado,
Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
28. Evaluation of global double sente [IG] [b]
29. Method of value evaluation of all josekis, except those with
global (ko or semeai) fights [ICG] [b]
30. New Semeai Formula [IG] [b]
31. Local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment
- Timing during the early endgame at high temperature of playing in a
local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [b]
32. Ko and dame endgames under area scoring [IWGT] [pm]
The Most Important Inventions for Advance of Go Theory
1. General definition of ko, regardless of position and ruleset [IGD]
[p]
2. Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote in an
environment [IGT] [b]
3. Local endgame with one follow-up in an environment
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame in a local endgame with one
follow-up in an environment [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Equivalence of a) the method of comparing two sequences combined
with the method of comparing counts, b) the method of comparing two
sequences combined with the method of comparing net profits, and c)
the method of applying a principle of playing in a local endgame with
one follow-up in an environment during the late endgame [IGT] [b]
- For a local sente during the early endgame at high temperature, play
in the environment [IGT] [b]
4. Local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment
- Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of playing in a
local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at medium temperature with larger
follow-up of playing in a local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at medium temperature with smaller
follow-up of playing in a local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of playing in a
local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Equivalence of a) the method of comparing two sequences combined
with the method of comparing counts, b) the method of comparing two
sequences combined with the method of comparing net profits, and c)
the method of applying a principle of playing in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
5. Several local endgames
- Creator starting in the larger local endgame with one follow-up
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Preventer starting in the larger local endgame with one follow-up
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
6. Local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment
- Timing during the early endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame at high temperature of playing in a
local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment [IGT] [b]
7. General definition of thickness [ICGD] [b] (informal and formal
versions; degrees and evaluation)
8. General definition of influence [ICGD] [b] (informal and formal
versions; degrees and evaluation)
9. Capturable-1, local-2, capturable-2 [IGD] [pm]
10. Alive in Japanese 2003 Rules equals alive in World Amateur Go
Championship Rules model [IT] [m] [proof Chris Dams, conjecture
Jasiek]
11. Method of value evaluation of all josekis, except those with
global (ko or semeai) fights [ICG] [b]
12. New Semeai Formula [IG] [b]
13. Re-definition of strategy, hypothetical-strategy, force, prevent
[IWGD] [pm] [there were the predecessors Bernd Gramlich and Robert
Pauli and also researchers of mathematics or abstract games]
14. Equivalence of conditions (gote / sente count versus gote /
follow-up move value versus sente / follow-up move value versus gote /
sente move value) of local endgame with one simple follow-up [IGT]
[bm] [proofs Robert Jasiek, conjectures Bill Spight]
15. Non-existence of local double sente [IGT] [bm] [Francisco Criado,
Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
16. Scoring
- For any standard area komi, odd board parity and even seki parity,
the winner is the same under area and territory scoring. [IGT] [bm]
- For any standard area komi, odd board parity, even seki parity and
the territory score 0.5, the winner under territory and area scoring
is the player of the last play. [IGT] [bm]
17. Earliest and latest moments of playing in a local endgame in sente
or reverse sente depending on the enironment [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight,
Robert Jasiek]
18. Generalised connection (n-connected) [ICGD] [b]
19. General classification and definition of basic-ko types,
regardless of position and ruleset [IGD] [p]
20. Generalised territory (n-territory) [ICGD] [b]
21. Influence stone difference [ICGD] [b]
The Most Difficult Inventions
1. Japanese 2003 Rules [IG] [p] [11 months of full-time work after 10
years of preliminary study]
2. General definition of ko, regardless of position and ruleset [IGD]
[p] [~3 months of full-time work after 13.5 years of preliminary
study]
3. Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote with two follow-ups and unequal move value in an environment [IGT] [b] [3 weeks
of full-time work after 3.5 years of preliminary study]
4. Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote with one follow-up and unequal move value in an environment [IGT] [b] [3 weeks
of full-time work after 3.5 years of preliminary study]
Endgame
Theorems
#Combinatorial Game Theory
- Monotonicity and continuity of enriches scores [GA] [b] [Francisco
Criado, Robert Jasiek]
- Equal scores in case of large enough temperatures [GA] [b]
[Francisco Criado, Robert Jasiek]
- Orthodox forecast theorem [GA] [b]
#Fundamentals
- Playing simple gotes without follow-ups in decreasing order [GA] [b]
[like taking numbers in decreasing order]
- Equality of move value and gains in a local gote [GA] [b]
- Count of a local gote, ordinary ko or ko threat [GA] [b]
- Impact of net profit on counts [GA] [b]
- Net profit of starting in an ideal environment [GA] [bm]
- Maximum net profit of starting in a simple environment [GA] [b]
- Error tolerance of two values (gains) taken alternately [IGT] [b]
- Bounds of inserting a value in an ideal environment [IGT] [bpm]
[Robert Jasiek, Francisco Criado]
- Bound of adding a move value to an alternating sum [IGT] [bpm]
[Robert Jasiek, Daniel Hu]
- Adding two values to an alternating sum [IGT] [bpm] [Daniel Hu,
Robert Jasiek]
#Evaluation of Local Endgame with One or Two Follow-ups
- Equivalence of conditions (gote / sente count versus gote /
follow-up move value versus sente / follow-up move value versus gote /
sente move value) of local endgame with one simple follow-up [IGT]
[bm] [proofs Robert Jasiek, conjectures Bill Spight]
- Equivalence of counts and white-counts of local endgame with one
simple follow-up [IGT] [b]
- Equivalence of move values for Black's and White's value
perspectives of local endgame with one simple follow-up [IGT] [b]
- Non-existence of local double sente [IGT] [bm] [Francisco Criado,
Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Equivalence of tentative move values and counts of local endgame
with one or two unsettled sente followers [IGT] [b]
#Evaluation of Local Endgame with Gote and Sente Options
- Equivalence of conditions (gote / sente count versus gote / sente
move value) of local endgame with a player's simple gote and sente
options [IGT] [bm] [proofs Robert Jasiek, conjectures Bill Spight]
- Equivalence of counts and white-counts of local endgame with a
player's simple gote and sente options [IGT] [b]
- Equivalence of move values for Black's and White's value
perspectives of local endgame with a player's simple gote and sente
options [IGT] [b]
#Evaluation of Local Endgame with Long Sequences
- Method of comparing the opponent's branches, 3-move traversal,
evaluation due to reversal [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
- Method of comparing the opponent's branches, 4-move sente sequence, determination of counts and move values [IGT] [b]
- Method of comparing the opponent's branches, 3-move reverse sente
sequence, determination of counts and move values [IGT] [b]
- Methods of comparing counts or move values, and their relations
[IGT] [b]
- Study of the method of making a hypothesis, T-orthodox implies T is
at most the gains [IGT] [b] [Francisco Criado, Robert Jasiek]
- Study of the method of making a hypothesis, T-orthodox implies the
move value is at most the gains [IGT] [b] [Robert Jasiek, Francisco
Criado]
- Study of the method of making a hypothesis, smaller move value after traversal [IGT] [b]
#Early Endgame of Local Gote in an Environment
- Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote with one
follow-up and unequal move value in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote with one
follow-up and equal move value in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote with two follow-ups and equal move value in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote with two follow-ups and unequal move value in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame of playing in a local gote in an
environment [IGT] [b]
#Late Endgame of Local Endgame with One Follow-up in an Environment
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Difference of the net profits of Black versus White starting
alternating play on an alternating sum [GA] [b]
- Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame in a local endgame with one
follow-up in an environment [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing net profits during the late endgame in a local endgame with
one follow-up in an environment [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill
Spight]
- Equivalence of a) the method of comparing two sequences combined
with the method of comparing counts, b) the method of comparing two
sequences combined with the method of comparing net profits, and c)
the method of applying a principle of playing in a local endgame with
one follow-up in an environment during the late endgame [IGT] [b]
#Early Endgame of Local Endgame with One Follow-up in an Environment
- Timing during the early endgame at low temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Timing during the early endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT]
[b]
- Timing during the early endgame at high temperature of playing in a
local endgame with one follow-up in an environment [IGT] [b]
- For a local sente during the early endgame at high temperature, play
in the environment [IGT] [b]
#Late Endgame of Local Gote with Two Follow-ups in an Environment
- Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Method of comparing two sequences combined with the method of
comparing net profits during the late endgame in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of playing in a
local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at medium temperature with larger
follow-up of playing in a local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at medium temperature with smaller
follow-up of playing in a local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of playing in a
local gote with two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Equivalence of a) the method of comparing two sequences combined
with the method of comparing counts, b) the method of comparing two
sequences combined with the method of comparing net profits, and c)
the method of applying a principle of playing in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Ignored tails during the late endgame in a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Increasing scores of the starting player for a local gote with two
simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [bpm] [Daniel Hu, Robert
Jasiek]
- Decreasing scores of the second-moving player for a local gote with
two simple follow-ups in an environment [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek,
Daniel Hu]
#Late Endgame of Local Endgame with Gote and Sente Options in an
Environment
- Method of comparing three sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame of the creator playing in a
local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment [IGT] [bm]
[Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Method of comparing three sequences combined with the method of
comparing counts during the late endgame of the preventer playing in a
local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
- Timing during the late endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of the creator
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the late endgame at high temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [b]
#Early Endgame of Local Endgame with Gote and Sente Options in an
Environment
- [Bill Spight solves the timing during the early endgame at low
temperature of the creator playing in a local endgame with gote and
sente options in an environment] [IGT] [bm]
- Timing during the early endgame at low temperature of the preventer
playing in a local endgame with gote and sente options in an
environment [IGT] [b]
- Timing during the early endgame at high temperature of playing in a
local endgame with gote and sente options in an environment [IGT] [b]
# Several Local Endgames
- Creator starting in the larger local endgame with one follow-up
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Preventer starting in the larger local endgame with one follow-up
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Additional details for playing in the larger local endgame with one
follow-up [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
# Scoring
- Relation between komi, area scores and winners [IGT] [bm]
- Relation between area and territory scores [IGT] [bm]
- For any standard area komi, odd board parity and even seki parity,
the winner is the same under area and territory scoring. [IGT] [bm]
- For any standard area komi, odd board parity, even seki parity and
the territory score 0.5, the winner under territory and area scoring
is the player of the last play. [IGT] [bm]
- Approach plays affecting the score [IGT] [b]
Other Theory
#Evaluation
- Verify types of local endgames to determine their correct values.
[IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek / Bill Spight]
- Types of sequences [IG] [b]
- Simplifications of local evaluation [I] [b]
- Evaluation of global double sente [IG] [b]
- Ordinary evaluation of long sequences by the method of making a
hypothesis [IG] [b]
- Fast evaluation of long sequences by the method of comparing the
opponent's branches [IG] [b] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek et al]
- Fast evaluation of long sequences by the method of comparing counts
[IG] [b]
- Fast evaluation of long sequences by the method of comparing move
values [IG] [b]
- Net profit 0 of a sente sequence [W] [b]
- Describing traditional endgame theory as if derived from modern
endgame theory [IWG] [b]
- Relation between area count and passes [WG] [b]
- Relation between area count and territory count [IG] [b]
#Strategy
- Do not always play in decreasing order of move values but use better
theory. [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek, Bill Spight]
- Interrupt local sequences in time. [IGT] [bm] [Robert Jasiek / Bill
Spight]
- Strategy depends on the parity of the number of multiples. [W] [bm]
- Strategy depends on the local endgame / ensemble, the environment,
its temperature and sometimes its second-largest value. [IGT] [bm]
[Robert Jasiek / Bill Spight]
- Use the gote move value for the timing during the early endgame of
playing in a local gote. [IGT] [b]
- [Bill Spight finds use of the sente move value for the timing during
the late endgame of playing in a local gote.] [IGT] [bm]
- The creator chooses the gote option during the early endgame at high temperature if playing locally in a local endgame with gote and sente
options in an environment. [IGT] [b]
- Exact theory for local endgames with simple follow-ups serves as an approximation for local endgames with iterative follow-ups. [IGT] [b]
- Several local endgames each with one follow-up can be partially
simplified by the theory for larger such local endgames. [IGT] [bm]
- Application to strategy and positional judgement during the middle
game [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
- Earliest and latest moments of playing in a local endgame in sente
or reverse sente depending on the enironment [IGT] [bm] [Bill Spight,
Robert Jasiek]
- Use the principle of extreme difference values to simplify reading
for several iterative local endgames. [IG] [b]
- Translation of relevant combinatorial game theory (including
low-level theory and corridors) to go theory. [IGT] [bm] [Robert
Jasiek, Bill Spight et al]
- Conditions for preserving ko threats [IG] [b]
- Evaluation and choice in a ko exchange [IWG] [b]
Definitions
#Terms
- White-count [ID] [b]
- Ideal environment [ID] [bm]
- Tail [ID] [b]
- Alternating sum [ID] [bm]
- Alternating sum of tails [ID] [b]
- Alternating sum for medium temperature with larger follow-up [ID]
[b]
- Alternating sum for medium temperature with smaller follow-up [ID]
[b]
- Alternating sum for high temperature [ID] [b]
- [Daniel Hu defines scores of playing locally after 2I or 2I+1 moves]
[ID] [p]
- Traversal, traversal sequence [IWD] [b]
- Creator [ID] [b]
- Preventer [ID] [b]
- Gote-sente-difference [ID] [b]
- Larger local endgame with one follow-up [ID] [bm]
- Standard area komi [ID] [bm]
- Local stone difference [ID] [b]
- Clarified use of the term net profit [W] [bm]
#Value Conditions of Terms
- Privilege [WD] [b]
- Gain [W] [bm]
- Simplifying redefinition of sente count [D] [b]
- Simplifying redefinition of move value 0 of settled position [D] [b]
#Values of Local Endgames
- Tentative gote or sente counts and move values of local endgame with
one simple follow-up [ID] [b]
- Tentative gote or sente counts and move values of local endgame with
two simple follow-ups [ID] [b]
- Tentative gote or sente counts and move values of local endgame with
a player's simple gote and sente options [ID] [b]
- Overview of gote or sente counts and move values of local gote,
local sente or ambiguous local endgame with one simple follow-up [ID]
[b]
- Overview of gote or sente counts and move values of local gote,
local sente or ambiguous local endgame with a player's simple gote and
sente options [ID] [b]
#Types of Local Endgames
- [Bill Spight defines the types (local gote, local sente, ambiguous
of a local endgame with one simple follow-up.] [ID] [m]
- Types (local gote, Black's / White's local sente, local sente,
Black's / White's / doubly ambiguous, ambiguous) of local endgame with
two simple follow-ups [ID] [b]
- Overview on types of local endgames [ID] [b]
- Types (local gote, local sente, ambiguous) of local endgame with a
player's simple gote and sente options [ID] [b]
- Overview of conditions of local gote, local sente or ambiguous local
endgame with one simple follow-up from Black's or White's value
perspective [ID] [b]
- Types (local gote, local sente, ambiguous) of local endgame with a
player's simple gote and sente options [ID] [b]
- Overview of conditions of local gote, local sente or ambiguous local
endgame with a player's simple gote and sente options [ID] [b]
#Test Sequences
- Test sequences for a local endgame with one follow-up in an
environment [ID] [bm] [Bill Spight, Robert Jasiek]
- Test sequences for the creator starting in a local endgame with gote
and sente options in an environment [ID] [bm] [Bill Spight, Robert
Jasiek]
- Test sequences for the preventer starting in a local endgame with
gote and sente options in an environment [ID] [b]
Examples
- Counter-example for always seeking tedomari [I] [b]
- Counter-examples for always playing a simple gote with one follow-up
in an environment of simple gotes without follow-ups in decreasing
order of move values [I] [b]
- Rare example of local endgame with a player's simple gote and sente
options, late endgame, low temperature, the opponent's correct start
in the environment [I] [b]
- Counter-example for comparing move values instead of gains to decide traversal [I] [b]
- [Francisco Criado shows two rare counter-examples for which the
method of making a hypothesis is wrong so thermography is required]
[I] [b]
Tactical Reading and Move Decision
- Method of regular reading [WG] [b]
- Method of test reading [IG] [b]
- Method of local Move Selection [WG] [b]
- Move choice: 2 methods [WG] [b]
- Reduction of a big moyo: 2 methods [WG] [b]
Strategy
#General
- Re-definition of strategy, hypothetical-strategy, force, prevent
[IWGD] [pm] [there were the predecessors Bernd Gramlich and Robert
Pauli and also researchers of mathematics or abstract games]
- Answer-strategy, answer-force [IGD] [p]
- Virtual-force [IGD] [p] [there is a related term by other
researchers]
- Strategic planning: 4 methods [WG] [b]
- Offering a strategic choice [WG] [b]
- Use and transformation of influence or thickness [WG] [b]
- General fighting strategy [WG] [b]
#Strategic Concepts
- Generalised connection (n-connected) [ICGD] [b]
- Generalised life (n-alive) [GD] [b]. [A related prior concept is
'possible omission number'.]
- Generalised territory (n-territory) [ICGD] [b], 1 derived definition
(half territory) [ICG] [b]
- General definition of influence [ICGD] [b] (informal and formal
versions; degrees and evaluation)
- General definition of thickness [ICGD] [b] (informal and formal
versions; degrees and evaluation)
- Influence stone difference [ICGD] [b]
- Definition of stability [ICGD] [b]
- Territory efficiency [IGD] [b] [prior work by Yang Yilun and
possibly others]
- Investment [ICGD] [b]
- Playing elsewhere: 1 method [IG] [b]
- Mobility [IWCG] [b]
- Types of fights [WG] [b]
- Fighting region [ICGD] [b]
- Value of a fighting region [ICGD] [b]
- Neutral stone difference, neutral-or-dead stone difference [ICGD]
[b]
- Potential [WG] [b]
- Development [WG] [b]
Capturing Races
- New Semeai Formula [IG] [b]
- Usual move order [WG] [b]
- 6 classes of basic capturing races [IG] [b]
- Complete study of 93 cases of basic capturing races [IWG] [b]
- Re-definition of 5 types of basic capturing races [IWGD] [b] [there
was the predecessor Richard Hunter]
- Fighting liberties [IGD] [b]
- Definition of semeai-eye, stable / unstable eye, strong / weak eye
[IGD] [b]
- Characterisation of strong semeai-eyes [IWG] [b]
- Correction of 6 kinds of mistakes in literature [I] [b]
Joseki
- Functional classification of josekis [IG] [b]
- Value classification of josekis [IG] [b]
- Method of value evaluation of all josekis, except those with global
(ko or semeai) fights [ICG] [b]
- Application to ca. 400 josekis [IG] [b]
- Classification of every move type and meaning occurring in joseki
[IGD] [b]
- Classification of strategic lines [IG] [b]
- Classification of group meanings [IG] [b]
- Joseki structure by their strategic choices [WG] [b]
Positional Judgement
- Definition of current territory [ICGD] [b] [there was the
predecessor Cho Chikun]
- Classification of groups [WG] [b]
- Classification of regions [IWG] [b]
- Positional judgement: various methods, procedures, aspects [IG] [b]
or [WG] [b]
- Unsettled Group Average [IWGT] [b] [there were predecessors among
CGT endgame researchers]
- Definition of quiet group, quiet position [IWGD] [b] [there were
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