• 2pt holding game

    From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to All on Sun Nov 7 23:21:10 2021
    XGID=-BeBC-BBB-A---A--abdba----:1:-1:1:52:0:0:0:0:10

    X:Player 1 O:Player 2
    Score is X:0 O:0. Unlimited Game
    +13-14-15-16-17-18------19-20-21-22-23-24-+
    | X O O | | O O O | +---+
    | O | | O O | | 2 |
    | | | O | +---+
    | | | O |
    | | | |
    | |BAR| |
    | | | O |
    | | | O |
    | | | X O |
    | X X | | X X X O X |
    | X X X | | X X X O X |
    +12-11-10--9--8--7-------6--5--4--3--2--1-+
    Pip count X: 86 O: 175 X-O: 0-0
    Cube: 2, O own cube
    X to play 52

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From ah...Clem@21:1/5 to Timothy Chow on Mon Nov 8 09:12:13 2021
    On 11/7/2021 11:21 PM, Timothy Chow wrote:
    XGID=-BeBC-BBB-A---A--abdba----:1:-1:1:52:0:0:0:0:10

    X:Player 1   O:Player 2
    Score is X:0 O:0. Unlimited Game  +13-14-15-16-17-18------19-20-21-22-23-24-+
     |    X        O  O |   | O  O  O          | +---+  |                O |   | O  O             | | 2 |
     |                  |   | O                | +---+
     |                  |   | O                |
     |                  |   |                  |
     |                  |BAR|                  |
     |                  |   |             O    |
     |                  |   |             O    |
     |                  |   |       X     O    |  |             X  X |   | X     X  X  O  X |  |       X     X  X |   | X     X  X  O  X |  +12-11-10--9--8--7-------6--5--4--3--2--1-+
    Pip count  X: 86  O: 175 X-O: 0-0
    Cube: 2, O own cube
    X to play 52


    We could fill in the gap at the expense of leaving a direct shot.

    We could slot the gap and leave just as many shots, but I'm fairly sure
    it's better to just fill it now since the ensuing blot will be easy to
    move to safety while covering is not as certain.

    We could clear the eight point and only leave indirect shots. But I
    think I want to hold her runners instead of letting her leap into the
    outfield and preserve her board.

    Or we could simply play 14/9 10/8 leaving only 43 to hit. That seems to
    be the least risky play. Her weak board and homeboard blot make me think
    that it might be worth the risk to fill in the gap, but as with so many
    pay now or pay later decisions it's often better to choose to pay later
    because sometimes you don't have to pay at all.

    14/9 10/8

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  • From Stick Rice@21:1/5 to ah...Clem on Wed Nov 10 08:38:14 2021
    On Monday, November 8, 2021 at 9:12:20 AM UTC-5, ah...Clem wrote:
    On 11/7/2021 11:21 PM, Timothy Chow wrote:
    XGID=-BeBC-BBB-A---A--abdba----:1:-1:1:52:0:0:0:0:10

    X:Player 1 O:Player 2
    Score is X:0 O:0. Unlimited Game
    +13-14-15-16-17-18------19-20-21-22-23-24-+
    | X O O | | O O O | +---+
    | O | | O O | | 2 |
    | | | O | +---+
    | | | O |
    | | | |
    | |BAR| |
    | | | O |
    | | | O |
    | | | X O |
    | X X | | X X X O X |
    | X X X | | X X X O X |
    +12-11-10--9--8--7-------6--5--4--3--2--1-+
    Pip count X: 86 O: 175 X-O: 0-0
    Cube: 2, O own cube
    X to play 52

    We could fill in the gap at the expense of leaving a direct shot.

    We could slot the gap and leave just as many shots, but I'm fairly sure
    it's better to just fill it now since the ensuing blot will be easy to
    move to safety while covering is not as certain.

    We could clear the eight point and only leave indirect shots. But I
    think I want to hold her runners instead of letting her leap into the outfield and preserve her board.

    Or we could simply play 14/9 10/8 leaving only 43 to hit. That seems to
    be the least risky play. Her weak board and homeboard blot make me think
    that it might be worth the risk to fill in the gap, but as with so many
    pay now or pay later decisions it's often better to choose to pay later because sometimes you don't have to pay at all.

    14/9 10/8

    If you're deciding between making the 5pt and some other play, just make the 5pt. It will save you a vast amount of harm over your bg career.

    Stick

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to All on Wed Nov 10 21:00:32 2021
    XGID=-BeBC-BBB-A---A--abdba----:1:-1:1:52:0:0:0:0:10

    X:Player 1 O:Player 2
    Score is X:0 O:0. Unlimited Game
    +13-14-15-16-17-18------19-20-21-22-23-24-+
    | X O O | | O O O | +---+
    | O | | O O | | 2 |
    | | | O | +---+
    | | | O |
    | | | |
    | |BAR| |
    | | | O |
    | | | O |
    | | | X O |
    | X X | | X X X O X |
    | X X X | | X X X O X |
    +12-11-10--9--8--7-------6--5--4--3--2--1-+
    Pip count X: 86 O: 175 X-O: 0-0
    Cube: 2, O own cube
    X to play 52

    Making the 5pt is XG's preferred play even when O's offensive position
    is much stronger (see variant below).

    1. Rollout¹ 10/5 7/5 eq:+0.922
    Player: 76.15% (G:50.22% B:2.82%)
    Opponent: 23.85% (G:2.29% B:0.09%)
    Confidence: ±0.008 (+0.914..+0.931) - [100.0%]

    2. Rollout¹ 14/12 10/5 eq:+0.759 (-0.163)
    Player: 71.55% (G:46.17% B:2.43%)
    Opponent: 28.45% (G:3.58% B:0.13%)
    Confidence: ±0.009 (+0.750..+0.769) - [0.0%]

    3. Rollout¹ 14/9 10/8 eq:+0.758 (-0.164)
    Player: 71.66% (G:45.82% B:2.02%)
    Opponent: 28.34% (G:2.86% B:0.11%)
    Confidence: ±0.009 (+0.749..+0.768) - [0.0%]

    4. Rollout¹ 14/7 eq:+0.731 (-0.192)
    Player: 70.82% (G:45.58% B:1.86%)
    Opponent: 29.18% (G:3.10% B:0.12%)
    Confidence: ±0.010 (+0.721..+0.741) - [0.0%]

    ¹ 1296 Games rolled with Variance Reduction.
    Dice Seed: 271828
    Moves: 3-ply, cube decisions: XG Roller

    eXtreme Gammon Version: 2.19.207.pre-release

    -------
    Variant
    -------

    XGID=-BeBC-BBB-A---A--bbbbb----:1:-1:1:52:0:0:0:0:10

    X:Player 1 O:Player 2
    Score is X:0 O:0. Unlimited Game
    +13-14-15-16-17-18------19-20-21-22-23-24-+
    | X O O | | O O O | +---+
    | O O | | O O O | | 2 |
    | | | | +---+
    | | | |
    | | | |
    | |BAR| |
    | | | O |
    | | | O |
    | | | X O |
    | X X | | X X X O X |
    | X X X | | X X X O X |
    +12-11-10--9--8--7-------6--5--4--3--2--1-+
    Pip count X: 86 O: 175 X-O: 0-0
    Cube: 2, O own cube
    X to play 52

    1. Rollout¹ 10/5 7/5 eq:+0.727
    Player: 70.94% (G:45.01% B:2.19%)
    Opponent: 29.06% (G:3.73% B:0.14%)
    Confidence: ±0.008 (+0.719..+0.736) - [100.0%]

    2. Rollout¹ 14/9 10/8 eq:+0.682 (-0.045)
    Player: 69.55% (G:44.01% B:1.74%)
    Opponent: 30.45% (G:3.38% B:0.12%)
    Confidence: ±0.009 (+0.673..+0.691) - [0.0%]

    3. Rollout¹ 10/3 eq:+0.670 (-0.058)
    Player: 68.97% (G:44.60% B:1.63%)
    Opponent: 31.03% (G:3.41% B:0.12%)
    Confidence: ±0.009 (+0.660..+0.679) - [0.0%]

    4. Rollout¹ 14/7 eq:+0.638 (-0.089)
    Player: 68.33% (G:43.53% B:1.55%)
    Opponent: 31.67% (G:3.86% B:0.14%)
    Confidence: ±0.009 (+0.629..+0.648) - [0.0%]

    ¹ 1296 Games rolled with Variance Reduction.
    Dice Seed: 271828
    Moves: 3-ply, cube decisions: XG Roller

    eXtreme Gammon Version: 2.19.207.pre-release

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to All on Thu Nov 11 03:56:12 2021
    ...
    If you're deciding between making the 5pt and some other play, just make the 5pt. It will save you a vast amount of harm over your bg career.

    But how do you know this?
    I make a lot of blunders by making the 5 point when other checker plays are preferred.
    It would seem to me that you would need to do a careful study to have evidence for your hypothesis:
    "More equity is lost by wrongly abstaining from making the 5 point, compared to wrongly making it."

    Of course, players point this out to you and say "But I made the 5 point here, and XG said it was
    a whopper!"
    And your reply is? [Surprise! Surprise!] "No, that doesn't contradict me at all. I wasn't thinking
    about that type of position. I only mean positions where it's not obvious that you shouldn't make the 5 point."
    [Quote marks are used to indicate the types of things I've heard you and other people say -- they aren't verbatim
    quotations.]

    Paul

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Thu Nov 11 09:14:44 2021
    On 11/11/2021 6:56 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    Of course, players point this out to you and say "But I made the 5 point here, and XG said it was
    a whopper!"
    And your reply is? [Surprise! Surprise!] "No, that doesn't contradict me at all. I wasn't thinking
    about that type of position. I only mean positions where it's not obvious that you shouldn't make the 5 point."

    Congratulations, Paul. You're ready to join Stick's Online
    Backgammon School as a junior instructor.

    It's pretty easy, actually. Just follow this simple step-by-step
    process.

    1. Collect a bunch of backgammon platitudes: "make the 5pt"; "when
    in doubt, hit"; "always run the last checker"; and so forth.

    2. Given a position, quote the most simpleminded platitude that is
    consistent with the bot play. For example, given a position where
    you can either make the 5pt or hit, quote "make the 5pt" if the
    bot makes the 5pt and quote "when in doubt, hit" if the bot hits.
    It is irrelevant how complicated and confusing the position is.
    The only important thing is to quote a platitude that is consistent
    with the bot play. If there is more than one suitable platitude,
    pick the most simpleminded one.

    3. If the student tries to protest or quote some other platitude,
    chide the student for not studying hard enough to recognize that
    the other platitude is obviously inapplicable in the current position.

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From Stick Rice@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Thu Nov 11 07:55:49 2021
    On Thursday, November 11, 2021 at 6:56:13 AM UTC-5, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    ...
    If you're deciding between making the 5pt and some other play, just make the 5pt. It will save you a vast amount of harm over your bg career.
    But how do you know this?
    I make a lot of blunders by making the 5 point when other checker plays are preferred.
    It would seem to me that you would need to do a careful study to have evidence for your hypothesis:
    "More equity is lost by wrongly abstaining from making the 5 point, compared to wrongly making it."

    Of course, players point this out to you and say "But I made the 5 point here, and XG said it was
    a whopper!"
    And your reply is? [Surprise! Surprise!] "No, that doesn't contradict me at all. I wasn't thinking
    about that type of position. I only mean positions where it's not obvious that you shouldn't make the 5 point."
    [Quote marks are used to indicate the types of things I've heard you and other people say -- they aren't verbatim
    quotations.]

    Paul

    You will save far more equity by making the 5pt blindly when in doubt than trying to be a genius and figuring something out OtB. This study has been done.

    Inherent to the saying is 'some other play'. A play that beats making the 5pt often stands out and announces itself with authority. Here you're just washy pushing around checkers with Play B or Play C. It's true the more you study at home the more
    easily you'll find the scant times when not making the 5pt is correct. No surprise there. So you can take this maxim and try to apply it and improve on your knowledge of it aiming to play like the people who do (I can guarantee you when the top Giants
    come to a crossroad and can't distinguish between two plays they choose the 5pt) or you can pick at it, bitch about it, not try to understand it or use it properly and play like Tim.

    Stick

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  • From ah...Clem@21:1/5 to Stick Rice on Thu Nov 11 13:13:59 2021
    On 11/10/2021 11:38 AM, Stick Rice wrote:


    If you're deciding between making the 5pt and some other play, just make the 5pt. It will save you a vast amount of harm over your bg career.


    Well, first you have to be paying close enough attention to notice that
    it is possible to make the five point. I didn't even see it here,
    despite trying to consider all reasonable plays.

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to Stick Rice on Thu Nov 11 12:26:47 2021
    On Thursday, November 11, 2021 at 3:55:51 PM UTC, Stick Rice wrote:
    On Thursday, November 11, 2021 at 6:56:13 AM UTC-5, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    ...
    If you're deciding between making the 5pt and some other play, just make the 5pt. It will save you a vast amount of harm over your bg career.
    But how do you know this?
    I make a lot of blunders by making the 5 point when other checker plays are preferred.
    It would seem to me that you would need to do a careful study to have evidence for your hypothesis:
    "More equity is lost by wrongly abstaining from making the 5 point, compared to wrongly making it."

    Of course, players point this out to you and say "But I made the 5 point here, and XG said it was
    a whopper!"
    And your reply is? [Surprise! Surprise!] "No, that doesn't contradict me at all. I wasn't thinking
    about that type of position. I only mean positions where it's not obvious that you shouldn't make the 5 point."
    [Quote marks are used to indicate the types of things I've heard you and other people say -- they aren't verbatim
    quotations.]

    Paul
    You will save far more equity by making the 5pt blindly when in doubt than trying to be a genius and figuring something out OtB. This study has been done.

    Inherent to the saying is 'some other play'. A play that beats making the 5pt often stands out and announces itself with authority. Here you're just washy pushing around checkers with Play B or Play C. It's true the more you study at home the more
    easily you'll find the scant times when not making the 5pt is correct. No surprise there. So you can take this maxim and try to apply it and improve on your knowledge of it aiming to play like the people who do (I can guarantee you when the top Giants
    come to a crossroad and can't distinguish between two plays they choose the 5pt) or you can pick at it, bitch about it, not try to understand it or use it properly and play like Tim.

    Tim's PR is significantly better than mine, so I'd like to play like Tim.

    Paul

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to ah...Clem on Thu Nov 11 20:32:28 2021
    On 11/11/2021 1:13 PM, ah...Clem wrote:
    On 11/10/2021 11:38 AM, Stick Rice wrote:


    If you're deciding between making the 5pt and some other play, just make the 5pt. It will save you a vast amount of harm over your bg career.


    Well, first you have to be paying close enough attention to notice that
    it is possible to make the five point. I didn't even see it here,
    despite trying to consider all reasonable plays.

    Wow, I'm surprised by your comment here. Earlier, you said:
    "We could fill in the gap at the expense of leaving a direct
    shot." I thought for sure that you meant making the 5pt.
    What play were you referring to, if not making the 5pt?

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Thu Nov 11 22:33:01 2021
    On 11/11/2021 3:26 PM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    Tim's PR is significantly better than mine, so I'd like to play like Tim.

    That I'm a weak player has never been in dispute, but it has
    nothing to do with failing to take platitudes seriously enough.
    The primary reason is clear: improving at backgammon has dropped
    several notches down in my list of priorities over the past few
    years.

    I have a pretty clear idea of what I would need to do to learn to
    play at something like a G3 or G2 level (in BMAB language). I have
    collected a large amount of data about exactly where my weaknesses
    are and what kinds of decisions I have trouble with. The surest
    road to improvement is to study each of these areas one at a time,
    drilling myself repeatedly until I have consciously and reliably
    re-adjusted my thinking.

    If I know this, then why don't I do it? The answer is simple: I
    don't feel like putting in that much work.

    But the main point is this: every player is different. Not only
    does each player have idiosyncratic areas of weakness, which must
    be diagnosed through patient data collection, but each player has
    different strengths. For example, I have a pretty good memory, so
    repeated drills using a carefully curated collection of positions
    is a good technique for me. It might not work so well for others.

    When Stick tells ah_clem to make the 5pt, as if ah_clem has never
    heard that rule before, I can't help but think of Charlie Brown
    trying to win ball games by gritting his teeth.

    https://www.gocomics.com/peanuts/1965/07/07

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to Tim Chow on Fri Nov 12 02:47:08 2021
    On Thursday, November 11, 2021 at 2:14:49 PM UTC, Tim Chow wrote:
    On 11/11/2021 6:56 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    Of course, players point this out to you and say "But I made the 5 point here, and XG said it was
    a whopper!"
    And your reply is? [Surprise! Surprise!] "No, that doesn't contradict me at all. I wasn't thinking
    about that type of position. I only mean positions where it's not obvious that you shouldn't make the 5 point."
    Congratulations, Paul. You're ready to join Stick's Online
    Backgammon School as a junior instructor.

    It's pretty easy, actually. Just follow this simple step-by-step
    process.

    1. Collect a bunch of backgammon platitudes: "make the 5pt"; "when
    in doubt, hit"; "always run the last checker"; and so forth.

    2. Given a position, quote the most simpleminded platitude that is
    consistent with the bot play. For example, given a position where
    you can either make the 5pt or hit, quote "make the 5pt" if the
    bot makes the 5pt and quote "when in doubt, hit" if the bot hits.
    It is irrelevant how complicated and confusing the position is.
    The only important thing is to quote a platitude that is consistent
    with the bot play. If there is more than one suitable platitude,
    pick the most simpleminded one.

    3. If the student tries to protest or quote some other platitude,
    chide the student for not studying hard enough to recognize that
    the other platitude is obviously inapplicable in the current position.

    In fairness, I think it should be added that this parody is only applicable
    to Stick's postings, not the services he charges for.
    His lessons are excellent, I think. I went to at least one of them several years ago.
    Not only was it very informative, and well-prepared and well-organised, but
    his series of lessons was evidently hugely popular with everyone else there -- a crowd of maybe six or seven,
    I think.

    Paul

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to Tim Chow on Fri Nov 12 02:52:27 2021
    On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 3:33:04 AM UTC, Tim Chow wrote:
    On 11/11/2021 3:26 PM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    ...
    That I'm a weak player has never been in dispute...
    The primary reason is clear: improving at backgammon has dropped
    several notches down in my list of priorities over the past few
    years.
    ...

    I agree with you.
    I tried a (somewhat cursory) google search to investigate whether FLT generalises
    to positive surreal integers, and I came up empty-handed.
    Please could you either publish the generalisation, or make it more widely accessible if it has
    already been published?
    As someone who knows combinatorial game theory, it would seem to be a straightforward task for you,
    but it doesn't leave much time for backgammon.

    Thanks,

    Paul

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Fri Nov 12 09:51:50 2021
    On 11/12/2021 5:47 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    In fairness, I think it should be added that this parody is only applicable to Stick's postings, not the services he charges for.
    His lessons are excellent, I think. I went to at least one of them several years ago.
    Not only was it very informative, and well-prepared and well-organised, but his series of lessons was evidently hugely popular with everyone else there -- a crowd of maybe six or seven,
    I think.

    His GammonVillage articles were also good. I also paid for
    his Daily Quiz commentary way back when and it was very good.

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Fri Nov 12 09:57:02 2021
    On 11/12/2021 5:52 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    I tried a (somewhat cursory) google search to investigate whether FLT generalises
    to positive surreal integers, and I came up empty-handed.

    What do you mean by surreal integers?

    If you mean nonstandard integers, then I think that amounts to asking
    whether the proof can be formalized in first-order Peano arithmetic.
    I made some comments about that question here:

    https://mathoverflow.net/a/293081

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to Tim Chow on Fri Nov 12 09:18:45 2021
    On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 2:57:05 PM UTC, Tim Chow wrote:
    On 11/12/2021 5:52 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    I tried a (somewhat cursory) google search to investigate whether FLT generalises
    to positive surreal integers, and I came up empty-handed.
    What do you mean by surreal integers?
    ...

    The correct question is "What is the definition of a surreal integer?"
    It is a standard (although not particularly well-known) part of maths terminology, rather than an idiosyncratic
    expression that only I use.

    A surreal number is a function from an initial segment of the ordinals to a two-element set.
    There is a well-known ordered field structure on the class of surreal numbers. Multiplication and addition and their inverses and > are defined but the surreal numbers don't form a field because
    they don't form a set within ZFC.

    Let 1 be the multiplicative identity with respect to the class of surreal numbers.
    Let s be a surreal number.
    s is positive iff s > the empty function.
    s is an integer iff ( s - 1 < s < s + 1 and [ (all surreal numbers y such that s - 1 < y < s + 1) are functions that are defined
    wherever s is defined and have y(k) = s(k) whenever k is in the domain of s] ).

    I don't think this is the same as a nonstandard integer but I haven't checked yet.
    Please let me know if this does not make sense.

    Paul

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Fri Nov 12 09:26:45 2021
    On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 5:18:46 PM UTC, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    On Friday, November 12, 2021 at 2:57:05 PM UTC, Tim Chow wrote:
    On 11/12/2021 5:52 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    I tried a (somewhat cursory) google search to investigate whether FLT generalises
    to positive surreal integers, and I came up empty-handed.
    What do you mean by surreal integers?
    ...

    The correct question is "What is the definition of a surreal integer?"
    It is a standard (although not particularly well-known) part of maths terminology, rather than an idiosyncratic
    expression that only I use.

    A surreal number is a function from an initial segment of the ordinals to a two-element set.
    There is a well-known ordered field structure on the class of surreal numbers.
    Multiplication and addition and their inverses and > are defined but the surreal numbers don't form a field because
    they don't form a set within ZFC.

    Let 1 be the multiplicative identity with respect to the class of surreal numbers.
    Let s be a surreal number.
    s is positive iff s > the empty function.
    s is an integer iff ( s - 1 < s < s + 1 and [ (all surreal numbers y such that s - 1 < y < s + 1) are functions that are defined
    wherever s is defined and have y(k) = s(k) whenever k is in the domain of s] ).

    I don't think this is the same as a nonstandard integer but I haven't checked yet.
    Please let me know if this does not make sense.

    Paul

    Although the above definition is fully correct, it isn't particularly well written because s - 1 < s < s + 1 is always true for every s so there's
    a redunancy in the (correct) definition.

    Paul

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Fri Nov 12 23:51:55 2021
    On 11/12/2021 12:18 PM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    s is an integer iff ( s - 1 < s < s + 1 and [ (all surreal numbers y such that s - 1 < y < s + 1) are functions that are defined
    wherever s is defined and have y(k) = s(k) whenever k is in the domain of s] ).

    This looks like what Conway, in "On Numbers and Games," calls an
    "omnific integer." Right? s is an omnific integer if s = {s-1|s+1}.

    Fermat's Last Theorem fails for the omnific integers. As Conway shows
    in "On Numbers and Games," every real number is the quotient of two
    omnific integers. So in particular, the cube root of 7 is A/B for some relatively prime omnific integers A and B. Then A^3 + B^3 = (2B)^3.

    ---
    Tim Chow

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  • From pepstein5@gmail.com@21:1/5 to Tim Chow on Sat Nov 13 02:13:03 2021
    On Saturday, November 13, 2021 at 4:51:59 AM UTC, Tim Chow wrote:
    On 11/12/2021 12:18 PM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    s is an integer iff ( s - 1 < s < s + 1 and [ (all surreal numbers y such that s - 1 < y < s + 1) are functions that are defined
    wherever s is defined and have y(k) = s(k) whenever k is in the domain of s] ).
    This looks like what Conway, in "On Numbers and Games," calls an
    "omnific integer." Right? s is an omnific integer if s = {s-1|s+1}.

    Fermat's Last Theorem fails for the omnific integers. As Conway shows
    in "On Numbers and Games," every real number is the quotient of two
    omnific integers. So in particular, the cube root of 7 is A/B for some relatively prime omnific integers A and B. Then A^3 + B^3 = (2B)^3.

    Thanks. I didn't use the {s-1|s+1} definition since understanding it
    needs prerequisites which not all mathematicians have (but clearly you do).

    Omnific integers and surreal integers are the same. I didn't know the term "omnific integer"
    before. I think the existence of two separate phrases for this same concept is a mistake.
    It's highly unlikely that the terms "omnific integer" and "surreal integer" were coined at the same time,
    and the original term should have been respected by the people who came afterwards.

    Thanks for resolving the question.
    I suppose a more general point is that reading ONAG and the further theory, and contributing to it,
    seems to me a better usage of time than becoming better at backgammon.
    But, of course, that's a highly subjective determination.
    Conway himself seems to have agreed. Although he was heavily exposed to backgammon and played it
    quite a bit, he never seems to have bothered to have learned anything about the theory at all.

    Paul

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  • From Timothy Chow@21:1/5 to peps...@gmail.com on Sat Nov 13 09:45:03 2021
    On 11/13/2021 5:13 AM, peps...@gmail.com wrote:
    I suppose a more general point is that reading ONAG and the further theory, and contributing to it,
    seems to me a better usage of time than becoming better at backgammon.
    But, of course, that's a highly subjective determination.
    Conway himself seems to have agreed.

    At one point in his career, Conway decided that he would just spend
    time on mathematics that he enjoyed doing, without worrying about
    how "important" it was. If that meant working on recreational topics
    that others thought were unimportant, or even developing recreational
    skills that did not advance mathematical knowledge, so be it. That
    attitude seemed to work well for him.

    ---
    Tim Chow

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