Download Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13 for Free
If you are looking for a comprehensive and modern textbook of zoology that covers the diversity, structure, function, and evolution of invertebrates, then you should check out Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13. This book is written by Prof. R.L.Kotpal,
a renowned zoologist and professor of zoology at Meerut University, India. It is published by Rastogi Publications, a leading publisher of scientific and academic books in India.

Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13 is the latest edition of the book that has been revised and updated to include the latest information and research on invertebrates. It covers all the major groups of invertebrates, from protozoa to echinoderms, with
detailed descriptions, illustrations, diagrams, tables, and examples. It also includes topics such as origin of metazoa, classification of animals, general organization of metazoa, and glossary of terms.

Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13
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The book is divided into 13 chapters, each covering a different phylum or superphylum of invertebrates. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the general characteristics, classification, and types of the group, followed by detailed accounts of
representative examples. The book also provides questions at the end of each chapter for self-assessment and revision.

Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13 is available for free download online from various sources. You can find it on Google Books[^1^], FlipHTML5[^2^], and FlipHTML5[^3^]. You can also buy a hard copy of the book from online stores such as Amazon or
Flipkart.

Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13 is a must-have book for students, teachers, researchers, and enthusiasts of zoology and biology. It is a comprehensive and modern textbook that covers all aspects of invertebrate zoology in an easy-to-understand and
engaging manner.


In this article, we will give you a brief overview of some of the chapters and topics covered in Kotpal Invertebrate Zoology Pdf 13. We will also provide some examples of invertebrates that belong to each group.

Chapter 1: Modern Classification
This chapter introduces the concept and principles of classification of animals. It explains the criteria and methods used for classifying animals into different categories, such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. It also
discusses the advantages and limitations of different systems of classification, such as artificial, natural, and phylogenetic. It also gives an overview of the modern classification of animals based on molecular and genetic data.

Example: Euglena
Euglena is a unicellular organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista. It is classified as a protozoan because it has animal-like characteristics, such as motility and heterotrophy. However, it also has plant-like characteristics, such as photosynthesis
and chloroplasts. Therefore, it is considered a mixotroph, meaning it can obtain energy from both organic and inorganic sources.



Chapter 2: The Invertebrates
This chapter defines the term invertebrates and explains their general features and significance. It also gives an overview of the diversity and distribution of invertebrates in different habitats and regions of the world. It also discusses the origin
and evolution of invertebrates from a common ancestor.

Example: Sponge
Sponge is a simple multicellular animal that belongs to the phylum Porifera. It is characterized by having a porous body with no definite shape or symmetry. It has no organs or tissues, but consists of specialized cells that perform different functions.
It feeds by filtering water through its pores and trapping food particles. It reproduces both sexually and asexually.

Chapter 3: Protozoa
This chapter covers the phylum Protozoa, which includes the simplest and most primitive animals. It describes their general characteristics, such as unicellularity, eukaryotic nature, motility, nutrition, reproduction, and life cycles. It also explains
their classification into four major subgroups: flagellates, amoeboids, sporozoans, and ciliates. It also gives detailed accounts of some representative types of protozoans.

Example: Amoeba
Amoeba is an amoeboid protozoan that belongs to the class Rhizopoda. It is characterized by having a flexible body with no fixed shape or size. It moves by extending pseudopodia (false feet) in any direction. It feeds by engulfing food particles by
phagocytosis (cell eating). It reproduces by binary fission (splitting into two).
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