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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- Copyright (c) 1997 , Marek Michałkiewicz Copyright (c) 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko Copyright (c) 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source
and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The name of the copyright
holders or contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.--><!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD
DocBook V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [<!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml"><!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->]><refentry id='vipw.8'> <!-- $Id$ --> <refentryinfo> <author> <
firstname>Marek</firstname> <surname>Michałkiewicz</surname> <contrib>Creation, 1997</contrib> </author> <author> <firstname>Thomas</firstname> <surname>Kłoczko</surname> <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email> <
contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib> </author> <author> <firstname>Nicolas</firstname> <surname>François</surname> <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email> <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 -
now</contrib> </author> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>vipw</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</
refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo> </refmeta> <refnamediv id='name'> <refname>vipw</refname> <refname>vigr</refname> <refpurpose> edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-
group file </refpurpose> </refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'> <cmdsynopsis> <command>vipw</command> <arg choice='opt'> <replaceable>options</replaceable>
</arg> </cmdsynopsis> <cmdsynopsis> <command>vigr</command> <arg choice='opt'> <replaceable>options</replaceable>
</arg> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> <refsect1 id='description'> <title>DESCRIPTION</title> <para> The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
and <filename>/etc/group</filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The
programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</envar>, and
finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='options'> <title>OPTIONS</title> <para> The options which apply to
the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands are: </para> <variablelist remap='IP'> <varlistentry> <term><option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option></term> <listitem> <para>Edit group database.</para> </
listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term> <listitem> <para>Display help message and exit.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-p</option>,
<option>--passwd</option></term> <listitem> <para>Edit passwd database.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option></term> <listitem> <para>Quiet mode.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term> <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> </term> <listitem> <para> Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and
use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option></term> <listitem> <para>Edit shadow or
gshadow database.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry condition="tcb"> <term><option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option></term> <listitem> <para>Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit.</para> </listitem> </
varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='configuration' condition="tcb"> <title>CONFIGURATION</title> <para> The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of
this tool: </para> <variablelist> &USE_TCB; </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='environment'> <title>ENVIRONMENT</title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><option>VISUAL</option></term> <listitem> <
para>Editor to be used.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>EDITOR</option></term> <listitem> <para>Editor to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </
variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='files'> <title>FILES</title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Group account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Secure group account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term> <listitem> <para>
User account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Secure user account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <
/refsect1> <refsect1 id='see_also'> <title>SEE ALSO</title> <para> <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</
manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> <citerefentry condition="tcb"> <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </
citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry condition="tcb"> <refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <
citerefentry> <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>. </para> </refsect1></refentry>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1997 , Marek Michałkiewicz SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-
Clause--><!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [<!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml"><!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->]><refentry id='vipw.8'> <!
-- $Id$ --> <refentryinfo> <author> <firstname>Marek</firstname> <surname>Michałkiewicz</surname> <contrib>Creation, 1997</contrib> </author> <author> <firstname>Thomas</firstname> <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email> <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib> </author> <author> <firstname>Nicolas</firstname> <surname>François</surname> <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib> </author> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>vipw</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo> <
refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo> </refmeta> <refnamediv id='name'> <refname>vipw</refname> <refname>vigr</refname> <refpurpose> edit the
password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file </refpurpose> </refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'> <cmdsynopsis> <command>vipw</command> <arg choice='opt'> <replaceable>options</replaceable>
</arg> </cmdsynopsis> <cmdsynopsis> <command>vigr</command> <arg choice='opt'> <replaceable>options</replaceable>
</arg> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> <refsect1 id='description'> <title>DESCRIPTION</title> <para> The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits
the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename>, respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and <filename>/
etc/gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the environment
variable <envar>$EDITOR</envar>, and finally the default editor, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='options'> <title>OPTIONS</title>
<para> The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands are: </para> <variablelist remap='IP'> <varlistentry> <term><option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option></term> <listitem>
<para>Edit group database.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term> <listitem> <para>Display help message and exit.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <
varlistentry> <term><option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option></term> <listitem> <para>Edit passwd database.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option></term> <listitem>
<para>Quiet mode.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term> <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> </term> <listitem> <para> Apply changes in the <replaceable>
CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory. Only absolute paths are supported. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><
option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option></term> <listitem> <para>Edit shadow or gshadow database.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry condition="tcb"> <term><option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option></term> <
listitem> <para>Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='configuration' condition="tcb"> <title>CONFIGURATION</title> <para> The
following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this tool: </para> <variablelist> &USE_TCB; </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='environment'> <title>ENVIRONMENT<
/title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><option>VISUAL</option></term> <listitem> <para>Editor to be used.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>EDITOR</option></term> <listitem> <para>Editor
to be used if <option>VISUAL</option> is not set.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='files'> <title>FILES</title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/group</filename><
/term> <listitem> <para>Group account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Secure group account information.</para> </listitem> </
varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term> <listitem> <para>User account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term> <listitem> <
para>Secure user account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='see_also'> <title>SEE ALSO</title> <para> <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</
manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> <
citerefentry condition="tcb"> <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry
condition="tcb"> <refentrytitle>tcb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>. </para> </refsect1></refentry>

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