• April 7, 1614, EL GRECO dies. (1/3)

    From Arthur Neuendorffer@21:1/5 to Peter Farey on Tue Dec 14 17:27:50 2021
    ---------------------------------------------------------------
    . , , ODYSSEY - Homer (tr. Samuel Butler)
    .
    <<*ULYSSES* struck the son of Damastor with a *SPEAR* in close
    . fight, while Telemachus hit Leocritus son of Evenor in the
    . belly, and the *DART* went clean through him, so that
    . he fell forward full on his face upon the ground.>>
    .
    <<I can *throw a DART* farther than any one else can shoot an arrow.>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    On The Countesse Dowager of Pembroke : Mary (Sidney) Herbert,
    .
    _. (U)nderneath this sable Herse+
    _. (LYES) the subiect of all verse:
    _. (SYD)ne(YES) sister, Pembroke's Mother:
    _ . Death, ere thou hast slaine another,
    _ . Faire, & Learn'd, & good as she,
    _ . Tyme shall *throw a DART* at thee. ------------------------------------------------------------
    . . Odyssey - Homer (tr. Samuel Butler) ** BOOK VII

    <<"First find the QUEEN her name is {ARETE} . ."

    . *ULYSSES* went straight through the court, still hidden
    . by the *CLOAK of darkness* in which *MINERVA* had
    . enveloped him, till he reached {ARETE} & King Alcinous;
    . then he laid his hands upon the *KNEES* of {ARETE} and at
    . that moment the miraculous darkness fell away from him.>> ............................................................. _______________..... <= 19 =>

    .. T. OTHEO_ . (N) l ___{I} __ <E> B. E. G __ E. T. T. ERO
    .. F. THESE_ . (I) n __ {S} __. U <I> N. G __ S. O. N. NET
    .. S. MrWha_ . (L) L __ [H]A} ___. P <P> I _ (N) E. S. SEA
    .. N. Dthat_ . (E) T __ [E]R} ___. N <I> T _ (I) E <P> ROM
    .. I. SEDB Y O u ______ [R]E} ___. V <E> R _ (L)<I> V. ING
    . <P> OEtW I s h ______ [E]T} ___. H (T) H _ (E) W. E. LLW
    . <I> ShIN G a ______ [d V e] ___. N (T) u __ R. e. R. INS
    . <E> tTIN G fort----____________. H (T) t ......................................................... ........................................................
    . Probability of Upper & Lower (NILE)'s ~ 1/176,000
    . Probability of 4 oven <PIE>'s ~ 1/38,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Stephen Pile, "The Book of Heroic Failures"
    .
    <<The Least Successful Collector Betsy Baker played a central role in
    the history of collecting. She was employed as a servant in the house
    of John Warburton (1682-1759) who had amassed a fine collection of
    58 1st edition plays, including most of the works of Shakespeare.
    One day Warburton returned home to find 55 of them charred beyond
    legibility. Betsy had either burned them or used them as <PIE>
    bottoms. The remaining 3 folios are now in the British Museum.>>
    .
    [NOTE: some 60 manuscripts of plays of this period eventually come
    . into the hands of a collector named John Warburton* (1682-1759).
    .
    Many are the only surviving co<PIES> of plays that had never
    been printed. Unfortunately Warburton was careless with them and
    his servant, Betsy Baker, made use of them to light her stove
    and line the bottom of <PIES>.>> ------------------------------------------------------------- ...................... <PIES>
    ...................... <SPEI> .......................................................
    For his title pages, Field adopted an Aldine device, an anchor
    with the Latin motto Anchora <SPEI>, "anchor of <HOPE>,"
    which previously belonged to the Vautrollier. -------------------------------------------------------
    Naumachia, or [Abraham] Hollands sea-fight (1622) ......................................................
    . A Caveat to his Muse
    .
    . To wrap her sope in, or a least be droven
    . To keepe a <PIE> from scorching in the Oven:
    . Or else expos'd a laughing stock to sots,
    . To cloke Tobacco, or stop Mustard pots, ------------------------------------------------------------ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Simon_(nursery_rhyme) https://tinyurl.com/y3b57cc6

    <<The area was known as Rennerstrete in the 15th century, famous London historian Stow considered that the name “<PIE> Corner” from the sign
    of the <PIE>, “a fayre Inn for recipte of travellers, but now divided
    into tenementes “. <PIE> Corner in the 17th century was often mentioned
    . for its food, Ben Jonson writes in the Alchemist in 1612 remarks:
    .
    . “I shall put you in mind, sir, at Pie Corner,
    .. Taking your meal of steam in from cooks’ stalls.”
    .
    In the 18th century, Strype mentions <PIE> Corner, as “noted chiefly
    . for cooks’ shops and pigs dressed there during Bartholomew Fair.” .......................................................
    (Edward [ALLEY]n) "was born 'near Devonshire House,
    where now is *THE SIGN OF THE PIE*' is fully confirmed
    by the mention of *<PIE> ALLEY* and Fisher's Folly, .......................................................
    After his library FIRE of 1623 Ben Jonson (1572-1637)
    . wrote of his LOSS in "An Execration upon Vulcan" .......................................................
    . Thou mightst have had me perish, piece by peic[E],
    . To light Tobacco, or sa[V]e roasted Geese.
    . Sindg[E] Capons, or *poor Piggs* , d[R]oping their Eyes;
    . Cond[E]mn'd me to the Ovens witH the <PIES> ; .....................................................
    _______________ <= 19 =>
    .
    .. T. h{O}u m i g h t s t h a v e h a d m
    .. e {E}p{E}r i s h,p i{E}c e b y p{E}i c
    . [E] T{O}l i g h t T{O}b a c c{O|O}r s a
    . [V]{E}r o a s t{E}d G{E|E}s{E}S i n d g
    . [E]{C}a p o n s{O}r p{O|O}r P i g g s,d
    . [R]{O}p i n g t h{E}i r{E}y e s;C o n d
    . [E] m n'd m e t{O}t h e{O}v e n s w i t
    .. H. t h e<P I{E}S>;
    .
    [E.VERE] 19 : Prob. ~ 1 in 1020
    {E.C.O.} 19 :
    22 {E.O.}s : Prob. ~ 1 in 64
    --------------------------------------------------
    "Shakespeare": "They tke the *FLOW o' the NILE*
    ____ By certain scales i' the Pyramid." ....................................................
    ....................... T
    ..................... O T H
    ................... E(O)N L I
    ................. E B(E)G E{T}T
    ............... E R O(F)T H{E}S E
    ............. I N S U(I)N G{S}O N N
    ........... E T S M R(W|H}A L L H A P
    ......... P I N E(S|S|E|A}N D T H A T E
    ....... T E R N I(T|I)E[P]R O M I S E D B
    ..... Y O U R E V(E|R)L[I]V I N G P O E T W
    ... I S H E T H T(H|E)W[E]L L W I S H I N G A
    . D V E N T U R E R I N[S]E T T I N G F O R T H ....................................................
    [PIES] Prob. in center bottom ~ 1 in 32,000 ......................................................
    {HAPI} Prob. in center ~ 1 in in 16,000 .................................................................
    <<{HAPI} (Golden Dawn) One of the Four Sons of Horus, {HAPI}
    . was represented as a mummified man with the head of a *BABOON*.
    .He was the protector of the lungs of the deceased, & was protected
    . by the goddess Nephthys. The name {HAPI}, spelled with different
    . HIEROGLYPHs, in most but not all cases, is also the name
    . of the god who was the personification of the River *NILE*
    . depicted as a corpulent man [Falstaff? / N(ev)ILE?]
    . with a *CROWN of LILIES* (Upper {NILE} )
    ______ or papyrus plants (Lower {NILE>). - Shawn C. Knight ------------------------------------------------------------------- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWbonwwFG-c

    . . Troilus and Cressida (Folio 1, 1623)
    . . . Act III, scene III

    Great Agamemnon: The Generall's disdain'd
    . By him one step below; he, by the nex{T},
    . That next, by him beneath: so euery step
    . Exampled by the first pace th{A}t is sicke
    . Of his Superiour, growes to an enuious Feauer
    . Of pale, and b{L}oodlesse Emulation.
    . And 'tis this Feauer that keepes Troy on foote,
    . N{O}t her owne sinewes. To end a tale of length,
    . Troy in our weaknesse liue{S}, not in her strength. .............................................................
    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <= 56 =>
    .
    TheGenerallsdisdaindByhimonestepbelowhebythenex {T} Thatnext byhimbeneathsoeuerystepExampledbythefirstpaceth {A} tissicke OfhisSuperiourgrowestoanenuiousFeauerOfpaleandb {L} oodlesse EmulationAndtisthisFeauerthatkeepesTroyonfooteN {O} therowne sinewesToendataleoflengthTroyinourweaknesseliue {S} notinher
    strength
    .
    {TALOS} 56
    ............................................................
    Nest. Most wisely hath *ULYSSES* he[E]re disco[V]er'd
    . The F[E](AVER), whe[R]eof all o[U]r power i[S] sicke. .....................................................
    . . . . . <= 8 =>
    .
    . . . . .M o s t .w . i.
    . .s. e. l y h a .t . h
    . *U. L. Y S S E .S* .h
    . {E}[E] r e d i .s . c
    . {O}[V] e r'd T .h . e
    . .F [E](A V E R),w . h
    . {E}[R] e o f a .l . l
    . {O}[U] r p o w .e . r
    . .i [S] s i c k .e.
    ........................
    {E.O.}. . 8,8
    [E.VERUS] 8 : Prob. in *ULYSSES* sentence ~ 1 in 425 .....................................................
    {22 *ULYSSES* sentences in all of Shakespeare} ---------------------------­-------------------------
    . . T O T H E R I G H T H O N O R A B L E
    . Henrie Wriothesley, Earle of Southampton,
    . . . and Baron of Titchfield.

    RIght Honourable, I know not how I shall offend in
    dedicating my unpolisht lines to your Lordship, nor
    how the worlde Will censure mee for choosing so
    strong a proppe to support so Weake a burthen,
    onelye if your Honour seeme but pleased,
    I ac-count my selfe highly praised,
    and vowe to take advantage of all idle houres,

    TILL I [H]AV[E] HO[N]OU[R]ED [Y]OU [W.]IT[H.] SO[M]E G[r.]

    . . . . . . . -AVER LABOUR.

    [HENRY W.] 3 : Prob. in V&A [HENRY W.] dedication ~ 1 in 36,000
    [W.H. Mr.] 3
    ..............................................................
    AVER, n. [OF. AVER domestic animal, whence LL. AVERia,
    pl. cattle. cf. {AVERage}.] A WORKING OX. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Mortals/Palamedes/palamedes.html

    <<After Helen had been kidnapped by Paris, the Oath of Tyndareus was invoked, according to which all previous suitors of Helen should defend the couple in any future setback. Odysseus had also taken the oath, but did not want to take part in the war,
    because an oracle had told him it would take him decades to return to his family. Agamemnon sent Palamedes in order to get Odysseus; when he arrived in Ithaca, Odysseus pretended to be insane by plowing salt in his fields. Palamedes realised that this
    was a trick, and put Odysseus' infant son Telemachus in front of the plow. Odysseus, unable to kill his son, revealed his trick and was forced to join the Greek army.>>
    --------------------------------------------------
    . . . John Rollett [WR.IOTH.ESLEY] array ..................................................
    . . . . . . . . . <= 18 =>
    .
    . . T H E O . {N} L i[E| . B E G .E. T T E R O. F
    . . T H E S E . {I} n[S| . U I N G .S. O N N E. T
    . . S M R W h a . {L}[L|H] . A P P I {N} E S S. E
    . . A N D t h a t. . [E|T]{e} .R N I T {I} E P. R
    . . O M I S E D . {B}[Y|O]u {r} .E V E R {L} I. V
    . . I N G P O . {E} t W|I]S H {e} .T H T H {E} [W]
    . . E L L W I . .S. h i n g A {d V e} .N T .U. [R] ...............................................
    . . E R I N S . .E. t t i n g .f o r. .T H ...............................................
    . *V(OM)ERE* : *PLOUGHSHARE* (Italian, Latin) ...............................................
    . VOMERE: PLOWSHARE, n. The SHARE of a PLOW,
    . . or that part which cuts the slice of earth
    . . . or sod at the bottom of the furrow. -------------------------------------------------------
    . . . . . . . . SONNET 33
    .
    . Full many a glorious morning have I seen
    . Flatter the mountain tops with *soVEREign EYE* ......................................................
    . . . . <= SONNET 33 (= 3[H]s + {I}) =>
    .
    T O T [H] E O N L I E B E G E T T E R O F T H E S E I N S V I N G S
    O N N [E T] S M R W H A L L H A P P I N E S S E A N D T H A T E T E
    R N I [T{I}E] P R O M I S E D B Y O V R E V E R L I V I N G P O E T
    W I S [H E T H] T H E W E L L W I S H I N G A D V E N T V R E R I N ...................................................................
    . . . <= SONNET 34 (= 3[HETH]s + {YODH}) =>

    T O T [H] E O N L I E B E G E T T E {R} O F T H E S E I N S V I N G S O
    N N [E T] S M R W H A L L H A P P I N {E} S S E A N D T H A T E T E R N
    I [T{I}E] P R O M I S E D B Y O V R E V {E} R L I V I N G P O E T W I S
    [H E T H] T H E W E L L W I S H I N G A {D V E} N T V R E R I N ..................................................................
    ABRAHAM purchased the Cave Of Machpelah from the sons of [HETH]. --------------------------------------------------------------
    They *BURN* in love, THY CHILDREN Shakespear [HET] [THE]m
    . Go, wo thy Muse, more NYMPhish brood BEGET THEm
    .
    [HET], v. t. & i. To *PROMISE*. [Obs.] --Chaucer. ..........................................................
    Probability of two {(de) VERE/VEER} *VOMEREs* ~ 1 in 435] .......................................................... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heth
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(letter)
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodh
    ...........................................
    . . . I HWH : HWH I
    . .[HETH] WAW [HETH] YODH
    . . [8] + 6 + [8] + 10 = 32 ------------------------------------------------------------
    ["Edward {DE VEER}, only son of John, born the Twelfth day
    . of April A 1550, Earle of Oxenforde (Ogburn, 1998, 765). ..............................................................
    In the name of God Amen. I *Iohn {DE VEER}* Erle of Oxinforde,
    Lorde greate Chamberlayne of Englonde Vicounte Bulbeck &c,
    __ *being of hole and parfecte mynde*

    - 1562 Will of the 16th Earl of Oxford (28 July 1562) http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~ahnelson/DOCS/16will2.htm ------------------------------------------------------------- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Bridge_(Virginia)

    <<Herman Melville alluded to Virginia’s [HETH?]
    . Natural Bridge bridge in describing Moby-Dick: ...........................................................
    . . THE WHALE : CHAPTER 133. THE CHASE—FIRST DAY
    .
    And thus, through the serene tranquillities of the tropical sea, among
    waves whose hand-clappings were suspended by exceeding rapture, Moby
    Dick moved on, still withholding from sight the full terrors of his
    submerged trunk, entirely hiding the wrenched hideousness of his jaw.
    But soon the fore part of him slowly rose from the water; for an
    instant his whole marbleized body formed a high arch, like Virginia’s
    Natural Bridge, and warningly waving his bannered flukes in the air,
    the grand god revealed himself, sounded, and went out of sight.
    Hoveringly halting, and dipping on the wing, the white sea-fowls
    longingly lingered over the agitated pool that he left. ...........................................................
    . . THE WHALE : CHAPTER 79. THE PRAIRE
    .
    <<Champollion deciphered the wrinkled granite hieroglyphics. But there
    is no Champollion to decipher the Egypt of EVERy man’s and EVERy being’s face. Physiognomy, like EVERy other human science, is but a passing fable.
    If then, Sir William Jones, who read in thirty languages, could not read
    the simplest peasant’s face, in its profounder and more subtle meanings,
    how may unlettered Ishmael hope to read the awful Chaldee of
    the Sperm Whale’s brow? I but put that brow before you.
    . . . . Read if it you can.>>
    .
    <<Champollion deciphered the wrinkled granite hieroglyphics. But
    there is no Champollion to decipher the Egypt of EVERy man’s and
    EVERy being’s face. Physiognomy, like EVERy other human science,
    is but a passing fable. If then, Sir William Jones, who read in
    thirty languages, could not read the simplest peasant’s face,
    in its profounder and more subtle meanings, how may unlettered
    Ishmael hope to read the awful Chaldee of the Sperm Whale’s brow?
    I but put that brow before you. Read if it you can.>> -------------------------------------------------------------
    . . . . . Golding's Ovid.
    .
    A hurtfull Art. His owne two wings he waveth VERiE trim,
    And looketh backward still upon his sonnes. The fishermen
    Then standing angling by the Sea, and shepeherdes leaning then
    On sheepehookes, and the PLOUGHMEN on the handles of their PLOUGH,
    Beholding them, amazed were: and thought that they that through
    The Aire could flie were Gods. And now did on their left side stand
    The Iles of Paros and of Dele and Samos, Junos land:
    And on their right, Lebinthos and the faire Calydna fraught
    .
    With store of HONIE: when the Boy a frolicke courage caught
    To flie at randon. Whereupon forsaking quight his guide,
    Of fond desire to flie to Heaven, above his boundes he stide.
    .
    And there the nerenesse of the Sunne which burnd more hote aloft,
    Did make the Wax (with which his wings were glewed) lithe and soft.
    As soone as that the Wax was molt, his naked armes he SHAKES,
    And wanting wherewithall to wave no helpe of Aire he takes.
    But calling on his father loud he drowned in the wave:
    And by this chaunce of his those Seas his name for EVER have. -----------------------------------------------------------
    . www.thorshof.org/zthorstar.htm
    .
    <<Ursa Major: known as the PLOUGH in England and the Big Dipper
    in the USA. All across Scandinavia and in Germany this constellation
    is known as the WAIN. This constellation seems to have been ascribed
    to THOR and is called 'Karl WAGEN', Karl being the familiar title
    given to the god in Scandinavia, normally translated as 'the Old Man'.
    This name is found in Denmark, Sweden and Iceland. It is highly
    likely that the WAIN was given to any prominent deity
    who travelled in a chariot, which would also include
    Freyr, Freyja, and the old earth goddess Nerthus.>> ------------------------------------------------------------------
    . 1 KING HENRY IV Act 2, Scene 1
    .
    First Carrier:
    . Heigh-ho! an it be not FOUR by the day, I'll be hanged:
    . CHARLES' WAIN [URSA MAJOR] is over the new chimney,
    . and yet our HORSE not packed. What, ostler [Shaks' London gig]! --------------------------------------------------------------------
    An old rhyme describing the god THOR figures at Upsala:
    .
    <<The God THOR was the highest of them, He sat naked as a child,
    . SEVEN STARS in his hand and CHARLES' WAIN.>> ------------------------------------------------------------------
    PISTOL: Sweet knight, I kiss thy neaf: what!
    . we have seen the SEVEN STARS. ----------------------------------------------------------------
    Excerpted from Gerard de Sede, Les templiers sont parmi nous,
    ou l'enigme de Gisors, (The Templars Are Among Us, or the
    . Enigma of Gisors), Julliard, Paris. 1962
    . http://www.memorymap.com/plantard_01.htm
    .
    Plantard then talks about astronomy, 'the most ancient of the natural sciences', and of the work of Eudoxus in the 4th century BCE, which
    defined the 260 northern stars, 349 zodiacal stars and 317 southern
    stars, a total of 1,026 stars grouped in 48 constellations.
    .
    'It is on the study of the sky, added to the mathematical
    (using the squares of numbers called "magic") and Hermetic data
    (the symbolic interpretation of Biblical and mythological texts)
    that all the constructions of art were built.'
    .
    It was this data that was incorporated into the architecture of
    sacred buildings. The aim was to produce the ideal temple of the
    celestial ladder, linking the constellations following geometric
    proportions by means of 'the rule, the compass and the square'.
    .
    This was the marvellous dream that Jacob had on the stone:
    "Here is the house of God, here is the gate of heaven".
    .
    He then talks about the three 'celestial chariots'
    . that the pagans considered sacred:
    .
    1. The Great Chariot, which the Christians named the Chariot of David,
    Artos (the bear) for the Gauls, the Great Bear composed of seven
    principal stars and which the Romans saw as seven cows of which
    the OXherd was the guardian. Septem triones, from whence the name
    Septentrion, the region of the North, known also by the name of Helix.
    It is the board for drawing the pieces of architecture, the Square
    of Three [SM: Square of Three is the Square of Saturn],
    on which the Tuscane is seated.
    .
    2. The Little Chariot, to which also a rich symbolism is attached. It
    is the labourer's PLOUGH, the Phoenix or Phoenice which could be reborn
    from the seed of ashes, the flat plate or Square of Five [SM: Square of
    Mars], the Little Bear of modern times, the aloe or eloa, the immolated
    victim whose sacrifice could give back life, the "triumphal cart of
    antimony" of the alchemist Basil Valentine. The body of the chariot was
    the invisible support of that which was visible on the buckle
    of Vulcan, such as the Iliad (chapter XVIII) describes to us.
    .
    3. The Chariot of the Sea, the White Ship of Juno with the 63 lights
    of which one is Canopus, the sublime eye of the architect, which
    opens every 70 years to contemplate the Universe [eye = ayin = 70],
    the ship Argo that transported the Golden Fleece, in Christianity the
    modest barque of Peter. It is the symbolic Ark where nothing profane
    can penetrate without incurring punishment: "To the sacriligious a
    fall, to the thief death within a year." Only those who are capable of
    working the cube of the wood of Mars - that magic "die" entrusted to the vigilance of two children: Castor and Pollux - to perfection, in every
    sense, can enter there. [CP: 'wood of Mars' is wood from the Elm tree.]
    .
    The enigma of Gisors is therefore this "chance three times renewed",
    that tri-unity that allows the miracle of Nicholas. Two children are
    present, a third protege [poulain] returns once a year, on the 25
    December...' [SM: Nicolas Poulain was imprisoned in the Tower at Gisors
    for 14 years. The name itself has many levels of meaning, eventually
    refering to an alchemical process. The 'prison du poulet' is the Egg...] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    . http://www.mistral.co.uk/hammerwood/elgin.htm
    .
    <<Hephaestus will be required to go away and find another place in the
    heavens to find another mother Earth, another Demeter, to bear the new creation. He will be banished there to go and look after the new colony.
    So Hephaestus will have to make PLOUGHs when he gets there
    . and will have to teach agriculture.>> ----------------------------------------------------
    . Coriolanus Act 5, Scene 3
    .
    CORIOLANUS: My mother bows;
    . As if Olympus to a molehill should
    . In supplication nod: and my young boy
    . Hath an aspect of intercession, which
    . Great nature cries 'Deny not.' let the Volsces
    . PLOUGH Rome and harrow Italy: I'll nEVER
    . Be such a gosling TO OBEY instinct, but stand,
    . As if a man were author of himself
    . And knew no other kin. -----------------------------------------------------------------
    . Symphonic Shakespeare By Paul Schuyler Phillips http://buweb.univ-angers.fr/EXTRANET/AnthonyBURGESS/NL2Symphonic.html
    .
    It is a season of shepherds and farmers: the former "pipe on
    oaten straws", the latter rise at dawn each day with the LARKS,
    who "are *PLOUGHMEN's* clocks".
    To ready their warm weather clothing,
    "maidens bleach their summer smocks."
    .
    But spring has its negative side. A season of life, it is also a time of
    sexual activity that "mocks married men." It is the season "when turtles tread", i.e. when turtledoves (read "lovers") mate, and the cuckoo "on
    EVERy tree" sings his "word of fear": "cuckoo, cuckoo". Married men
    are reminded of that fear not just by the sound of the cuckoo,
    but by the flowers in the field: "cuckoo buds", "lady-smocks"
    (synonym for cuckoo-flower), and "violets", since "blue had come
    in the Middle Ages to symbolize infidelity, cuckoldry and folly." -----------------------------------------------------
    _Aubade_ by Sir William Davenant (1606-1668)
    .
    . [T]HE LARK now leaves his wat'ry nest,
    . [A]nd climbing SHAKES his dewy wings.
    . [H]e takes this window for the East,
    . And to implore your light he sings?
    . Awake, awake! the morn will nEVER rise
    . [T]ill she can dress her beauty at your eyes.
    . [T]he merchant bows unto the seaman's star,
    . [T]he PLOUGHMAN from the sun his season takes,
    . But still the lover wonders what they are
    . [W]ho look for day before his mistress wakes.
    . [A]wake, awake! break thro' your VEILS of lawn!
    . [T]hen draw your curtains, and begin the dawn! --------------------------------------------------------
    . The Rape of Lucrece Stanza 137
    .
    'To show the beldam daughters of her daughter,
    .To make the child a man, the man a child,
    .To slay the tiger that doth live by SLAUGHTER,
    .To tame the unicorn and lion wild,
    .To mock the subtle in themselves beguiled,
    .To cheer the PLOUGHMAN with increaseful crops,
    .And WASTE huge stones with little water drops. -------------------------------------------------------------
    Sir James George Frazer (1854-1941). The Golden Bough. 1922.
    XLIX. Ancient Deities of Vegetation as Animals
    . § 1. Dionysus, the Goat and the Bull
    . http://www.bartleby.com/196/115.html
    .
    <<Dionysus was also figured, as we have seen, in the shape of a bull.
    . The bull is a common embodiment of the corn-spirit in Northern
    . Europe; and the close association of Dionysus with Demeter
    . and Persephone in the mysteries of Eleusis shows that
    . he had at least strong agricultural affinities.
    .
    In other rites than those of Dionysus the ancients slew an OX
    as a representative of the spirit of vegetation(; e.g., in the
    Athenian sacrifice known as "the murder of the OX" (BOUPHONIA).
    .
    . It took place about the end of June
    .
    when the threshing is nearly over in Attica. According to tradition the sacrifice was instituted to procure a cessation of drought and dearth
    which had afflicted the land. The ritual was as follows. Barley mixed
    with wheat, or cakes made of them, were laid upon the BRONZE
    altar of Zeus Polieus on the Acropolis. OXen were driven round
    the altar, and the OX which went up to the altar and ate the offering
    on it was sacrificed. The axe & knife with which the beast was slain
    had been previously wetted with water brought by maidens called "water-carriers." The weapons were then sharpened and
    handed to the BUTCHERS, one of whom felled the OX
    with the axe and another cut its throat with the knife.
    As soon as he had felled the OX, the former threw the axe from
    him and fled; and the man who cut the beast's throat apparently
    imitated his example. Meantime the OX was skinned
    and all present partook of its flesh.
    .
    . Then the hide was stuffed with straw and sewed up;
    .
    . next the stuffed animal was set on its feet
    . and YOKED to a PLOUGH as if it were PLOUGHing.
    .
    . "The OX HATH therefore stretch'd his YOKE in vain"
    . -Titania, AMND, II, i
    .
    A trial then took place in an ancient law-court presided over by
    the King (as he was called) to determine who had murdered the OX.
    The maidens who had brought the water accused the men
    who had sharpened the axe and knife;
    the men who had sharpened the axe and knife blamed the men who
    had handed these implements to the BUTCHERS; the men who had handed
    the implements to the BUTCHERS blamed the BUTCHERS; and the BUTCHERS
    laid the blame on the axe and knife, which were accordingly
    found guilty, condemned, and cast into the sea.
    .
    The name of this sacrifice,- "the murder of the OX,"-the pains taken
    by each person who had a hand in the SLAUGHTER to lay the blame
    on some one else, together with the formal trial and punishment
    of the axe or knife or both, prove that the OX was here
    regarded not merely as a victim offered to a god,
    but as itself a sacred creature, the SLAUGHTER of which was sacrilege
    or murder. This is borne out by a statement of Varro that to kill an
    OX was formerly a capital crime in Attica. The mode of selecting
    the victim suggests that the OX which tasted the corn
    was viewed as the corn-deity taking possession of his own.
    .
    In Beauce, in the district of Orleans, on the 24th or 25th of April
    . they make *A STRAW MAN* called "the great mondard."
    For they say that the old mondard IS NOW DEAD and it is necessary
    to make a new one. The straw man is carried in solemn procession
    up & down the village and at last is placed upon the oldest apple-tree.
    There he remains till the apples are gathered, when he is taken down and
    thrown into the water, or he is burned and his ashes cast into water.
    But the person who plucks the first fruit from the tree succeeds
    to the title of "the great mondard."
    Here the straw figure, called "the great mondard" and placed
    on the oldest apple-tree in spring, represents the spirit of the tree,
    who, dead in winter, revives when the apple-blossoms appear on the
    boughs. Thus the person who plucks the first fruit from the tree and
    thereby receives the name of "the great mondard" must be regarded
    as a representative of the tree-spirit. Primitive peoples are usually
    reluctant to taste the annual FIRST-FRUITS of any crop,
    until some ceremony has been performed
    which makes it safe and pious for them to do so.
    The reason of this reluctance appears to be a belief that
    *the FIRST-FRUITS* either belong to or actually contain a divinity.>> -----------------------------------------------------------------
    John (Giovanni) Florio was born in London in 1553 of Italian
    parents. At age 25, his first work, *FIRST-FRUITS* , was published -------------------------------------------------------------------
    . THE SLAUGHTER OF THE INNOCENTS
    .
    <<In the one hundred and thirtieth year after Israel's going down to
    Egypt Pharaoh dreamed that he was sitting upon his throne, and he lifted
    up his eyes, and he beheld an old man before him with a balance in his
    hand, and he saw him taking all the elders, nobles, and great men of
    Egypt, tying them together, and laying them in one scale of the balance,
    while he put a tender kid into the other. The kid bore down the pan
    in which it lay until it hung lower than the other with the bound
    Egyptians. Pharaoh arose early in the morning, and called together all
    his servants and his wise men to interpret his dream, and the men were
    greatly afraid on account of his vision. Balaam the son of Beor then
    spake, and said: "This means nothing but that a great evil will spring
    up against Egypt, for a son will be born unto Israel, who will destroy
    the whole of our land and all its inhabitants, and he will bring forth
    the Israelites from Egypt with a mighty hand. Now, therefore,
    O king, take counsel as to this matter, that the hope of Israel
    be frustrated before this evil arise against Egypt."
    .
    "From all that the king may devise against the Hebrews, they will be
    delivered. If thou thinkest to diminish them by the flaming fire, thou
    wilt not prevail over them, for their God delivered Abraham their father
    from the furnace in which the Chaldeans cast him. Perhaps thou thinkest
    to destroy them with a sword, but their father Isaac was delivered from
    being SLAUGHTERed by the sword. And if thou thinkest to reduce them
    through hard and rigorous labor, thou wilt also not prevail, for their
    father Jacob served Laban in all manner of hard work, and yet he
    prospered. If it please the king, let him order all the male children
    that shall be born in Israel from this day forward to be thrown into the
    water. Thereby canst thou wipe out their name, for neither any of them
    nor any of their fathers was tried in this way.
    .
    Balaam's advice was accepted by Pharaoh and the Egyptians. They knew
    that God pays measure for measure, therefore they believed that the
    drowning of the men children would be the safest means of exterminating
    the Hebrews, without incurring harm themselves, for the Lord had sworn
    unto Noah never again to destroy the world by water. Thus, they assumed,
    they would be exempt from punishment, wherein they were wrong, however.
    In the first place, though the Lord had sworn not to bring a flood
    upon men, there was nothing in the way of bringing men into a flood. Furthermore, the oath of God applied to the whole of mankind, not to a
    single nation. The end of the Egyptians was that they met their death in
    the billows of the Red Sea. "Measure for measure"--as they had drowned
    the men children of the Israelites, so they were drowned.
    .
    The women that remained united with their husbands would go out into
    the field when their time of delivery arrived, and give birth to their
    children and leave them there, while they themselves returned home. The

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