• Outis

    From Arthur Neuendorffer@21:1/5 to All on Sat Nov 20 04:48:38 2021
    -------------------------------------------------------------------- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outis

    <<Outis (transliteration of Ancient Greek Οὖτις, in capitals ΟΥΤΙΣ, from οὔτις "nobody" or "no one") is an often used pseudonym. Artists, writers and others in public life use this pseudonym in order to hide their identity. The Latin
    equivalent Nemo is also often used.

    "Outis" was used as a pseudonym by the Homeric hero Odysseus, when he fought the Cyclops Polyphemus, and had put out the monster's eye. Polyphemus shouted in pain to the other Cyclopes of the island that "Nobody" was trying to kill him, so no one came to
    his rescue. The story of the Cyclops can be found in the Odyssey, book 9. The name Nobody can be found in five different lines of Book 9.

    First of all in line 366:

    "Cyclops, you asked my noble name, and I will tell it; but do you give the stranger's gift, just as you promised. My name is Nobody. Nobody I am called by mother, father, and by all my comrades."

    Then in line 369:

    So I spoke, and from a ruthless heart he straightway answered: "Nobody I eat up last, after his comrades; all the rest first; and that shall be the stranger's gift for you."

    Then in line 408:

    Then in his turn from out the cave big Polyphemus answered: "Friends, Nobody is murdering me by craft. Force there is none." But answering him in winged words they said: "If nobody harms you when you are left alone, illness which comes from mighty
    Zeus you cannot fly. But make your prayer to your father, lord Poseidon".

    In line 455:

    "Are you sorry because that wicked Nobody brought your master down with drink and blinded him?".

    And in line 460:

    "I should thus have some revenge for the harm that no-good Nobody has done me".
    -------------------------------------------------------------------- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseus#Name,_etymology,_and_epithets

    <<Relatively little is given of Odysseus' background other than that according to Pseudo-Apollodorus, his paternal grandfather or step-grandfather is Arcesius, son of Cephalus and grandson of Aeolus, while his maternal grandfather is the thief Autolycus,
    son of Hermes and Chione. Hence, Odysseus was the great-grandson of the Olympian god Hermes.

    According to the Iliad and Odyssey, his father is Laertes and his mother Anticlea, although there was a non-Homeric tradition that Sisyphus was his true father. The rumour went that Laërtes bought Odysseus from the conniving king. Odysseus is said to
    have a younger sister, Ctimene, who went to Same to be married and is mentioned by the swineherd Eumaeus, whom she grew up alongside, in book 15 of the Odyssey

    The form Ὀδυσ(σ)ες Odys(s)eus is used starting in the epic period and through the classical period, but various other forms are also found. In Latin, he was known as Ulixēs or (considered less correct) Ulyssēs. The change between d and l is
    common also in some Indo-European and Greek names,and the Latin form is supposed to be derived from the Etruscan Uthuze.

    The etymology of the name is unknown. Ancient authors linked the name to the Greek verbs odussomai (ὀδσσομαι) “to be wroth against, to hate”, to oduromai (ὀδρομαι) “to lament, bewail”, or even to ollumi (ὄλλυμι) “to
    perish, to be lost”. Homer relates it to various forms of this verb in references and puns. In Book 19 of the Odyssey, where Odysseus' early childhood is recounted, Euryclea asks the boy's grandfather Autolycus to name him. Euryclea seems to suggest a
    name like Polyaretos, "for he has much been prayed for" (πολυάρητος) but Autolycus "apparently in a sardonic mood" decided to give the child another name commemorative of "his own experience in life": "Since I have been angered (ὀδυσσάμ
    νος odyssamenos) with many, both men and women, let the name of the child be Odysseus". Odysseus often receives the patronymic epithet Laertiades (Λαερτιάδης), "son of Laërtes". In the Iliad and Odyssey there are several further epithets
    used to describe Odysseus.>> --------------------------------------------------------------------
    Art Neuendorffer

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