• Atari 8-Bit Computers: Frequently Asked Questions (9/29)

    From Michael Current@21:1/5 to Marc G. Frank on Mon Apr 8 21:54:58 2019
    [continued from previous message]

    - Based on the schematic for SmartIDE by Bob Woolley
    - SmartIDE Code (IDE_NKH.ASM 12/19/00) is based on IDE38.ASM by Bob
    Woolley
    - Project home: http://www.magelair.com/atari_8bit_stuff.html
    ==> PBI 16-bit IDE, project by Nathan Hartwell (MageX)(2000?)
    - Heavily modified from the SmartIDE schematic by Bob Woolley
    - Like SmartIDE, this is still an internal design that plugs into the MPU
    socket for most of the signals needed.
    - No PAL/GAL logic is used.
    - No code has yet been developed.
    - Project home: http://www.magelair.com/atari_8bit_stuff.html

    msc IDE, by Stefan Birmanns and Matthias Belitz (1996)
    - XL OS Rev.1+ New Device, connects to PBI
    - A Cartridge+ECI adapter can also be used
    - Up to 240 partitions per hard disk supported
    - Emulates D1: until D9: of disk devices (access to 9 partitions at one time)
    - Full bootable from any partition (with standard XL-OS)
    - Write protection capability
    - Supports up to two hard drives (master/slave)
    - Transfer rate > 30 kB/s file access with SPARTA-DOS 3.2 gx (reading)
    - Transfer rate > 10 kB/s file access with SPARTA-DOS 3.2 gx (writing)
    - Software partially supports CD-ROM and ZIP drives.
    - Partially software compatible with the KMK/JZ IDE interface
    - No longer in production
    - More information:
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111117071126/http://www.birmanns.de/atari/

    BadSector "A", project by Gary Morton (2001)
    - Control an IDE hard disk drive using the Atmel AT89S53 processor (or 8031
    compatible processor).
    - Compatible with all models of Atari due to the use of the SIO (serial bus)
    - Project home: http://www.alma.demon.co.uk/Atari/AtariHwSw.html

    SIO2IDE, project by Marek Mikolajewski (MMSoft)(2001-2005)
    Attach any IDE Disk Drive or CF Card (using CF2IDE adapter) to your 8-bit
    Atari computer.
    ATARI side:
    - Uses standard Atari SIO at a speed of 19200 baud
    - Works with Atari High Speed SIO (US and Happy) at a speed of 52000 baud
    - Emulates Atari disks D1: to D8: disk D1: can be swapped with Common disk D1:
    (HD1_ZW jumper, drive D9: in config file)
    - Can be used with any Atari DOS and OS
    - Can be used without any problems with other SIO devices
    - Can be easy installed inside your Atari with 2.5' laptop HD or CF card
    - Is easy to configure via special fdisk.com utility software (changing
    disks sequence and active directory)
    - It uses ATR files to emulate real floppy disk or hard drive
    IDE device side:
    - All IDE ATA/ATAPI devices can be used: Disk Drives (2.5" and 3.5"),
    Compact Flash cards etc.
    - Supports PC file systems, FAT16 and FAT32
    - Supports CD file system, ISO9660
    - Supports ATR disk images (SD, DD up to 16MiB)
    - Supports directory change (multiconfig)
    - Is easy to configure, many text configuration files (sio2ide.cfg) can be
    stored in different directories
    - Disk configuration can be checked by special checkfs.exe PC utility
    NOTE: checkfs.exe does NOT work with HDD connected via USB port
    - Standard system disk utilities can be used (defrag.exe, scandisk.exe etc)
    - Long File Name (LFN) support for HDD
    - TEST mode for checking HDD initializations
    - Supports Master/Slave IDE devices
    - Disk defragmentation is not required
    USB port side (SIO2IDE Versions 4.x option):
    - Interface allows the attached ATA drive to work as USB Mass Storage Class
    device (removable drive) on a Windows PC
    - No drivers are needed for Windows 2K, ME, XP. Windows 98 driver available.
    - SIO2IDE in USB mode is not working with Linux
    Available, Version 3.3:
    http://www.mega-hz.de/Angebote/SIO2IDE33/SIO2IDE33.html
    Available, latest version: http://afs.atari.org/sio2ide.htm
    - Options: USB controller, SIO plug
    SIO2IDE project home: http://www.atariarea.krap.pl/sio2ide/

    MyIDE, by Mr.Atari (Sijmen Schouten)(2002) / Atarimax (Steven Tucker)
    - Originally released as plans, as a cartridge, or as a kit that could either
    be installed into a cartridge case or inside the computer.
    Software also included: MyBIOS, the IDE based OS by Mr.Atari
    - Version 3.1 is an internal or external IDE interface for all Atari
    8-bit XL/XE computers (2006)
    - Atarimax implementations by Steven Tucker:
    - MyIDE+Flash Cartridge Interface (XL/XE)
    - MyIDE Internal Interface (XL/XE)
    - MyIDE project home: http://www.mr-atari.com/myidehome.htm

    IDE Plus 2.0 (2011)
    - Allows you to attach an ATA (IDE) hard drive, a CF (Compact Flash) card or
    an ATAPI device (e.g. a CD-ROM drive) to your Atari XL/XE computer. Drive
    must be ATA-3 or later. Dual drives supported.
    - Hardware design by Jacek Zuk (Simius), 1995-2011
    - XL OS Rev.1+ New Device, with both PBI and Cartridge+ECI connectors
    - Provides pass-through Cartridge port
    - Addresses well known problems with the PHI2 signal not being generated
    the same across various Atari XL and XE motherboard revisions, and across
    computers with different hardware extensions installed.
    - Does not require an external power-supply
    - Contains 96KiB ISP Flash ROM and 32KiB RAM available to the internal
    PBI BIOS and flashable from the Atari
    - Contains 512KiB or 1024KiB ISP Flash ROM for SpartaDOS X (or any other
    cartridge of such type), flashable from the Atari. This ROM can be
    physically disabled using a dedicated switch.
    - Contains a real time clock circuitry to be used with SpartaDOS X.
    - Contains a LED flashing during the I/O
    - AtariAge preorder thread: http://preview.tinyurl.com/nc7msfb
    - Software by Konrad Kokoszkiewicz. Firmware characteristics (29.10.2011):
    - Maximum drive capacity: 268435456 sectors on either device (128 GiB)
    - Maximum number of partitions: 16
    - Maximum capacity of a partition: no practical limit
    - Logical sector length: 128 bytes (emulation), 256 bytes (emulation) or
    512 bytes (native)
    - Average speed (depends on the drive and DOS used):
    50-80 kB/s (native mode, R/W), or
    30-45 kB/s (emulation mode, R/W)
    - 16-bit data transfers
    - Fully Atari OS compliant (no Atari OS patches are needed)
    - Independent partitions can be write-protected
    - ATAPI support not provided by the BIOS
    - Documentation, utilities, tools, system software: http://drac030.krap.pl/

    SIDE, by Sebastian Bartkowicz (Candle), 2011
    - Allows the use of a CF card on the Atari, via the cartridge port
    - Features:
    - SpartaDOS X cartridge (SDX)
    - On Board Real Time Clock with appropriate driver inside SDX
    - CF Card slot capable of handling 3.3V CF cards (that excludes
    microdrives, but everything else, regardless of capacity should work)
    - Developer web page: http://spiflash.org/block/16.html

    SIDE 2, by Przemyslaw Krawczyk (Lotharek), 2012
    - Builds on the original SIDE concept by adding CF card hot-swap
    functionality and enhanced ROM banking capabilities.
    - Available: http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=68

    MyIDE-II, by Atarimax (Steven Tucker) / Mr.Atari (Sijmen Schouten), 2012
    MyIDE-II CompactFlash Cartridge for Atari XL/XE computers includes:
    - Compact Flash Hardware Interface (by Atarimax)
    - Full Software Power Control
    - Hardware Media Change Detection
    - Upgradable Hardware Core via Card Edge JTAG Interface
    - 512KiB On-Board User Customizable Flash Memory
    - Atarimax Maxflash Studio & USB Programmer Integration
    - Menu Customizability using Maxflash Studio Workbooks
    - 512KiB On-Board Application SRAM
    - Develop advanced applications without requiring internal RAM upgrades
    - Mr-Atari's MyBIOS Included
    - New MyIDE-II MyBIOS with Full "Hot Swap" Media Change Support
    - Upgrade/Change MyBIOS by updating your Maxflash Studio Workbook
    More features:
    - Available Atarimax MyIDE-II FAT32 Loader, to access *.XEX and *.COM files
    directly from FAT32 partitions
    - Disk mode, to load .ATR files inside MyIDE mode
    - MyIDE mode, works the same as earlier MyIDE Interface
    - LED access, and card on/off
    - Compatible with SD cards with adaptors http://www.atarimax.com/myide/documentation/

    Incognito, by Sebastian Bartkowicz (Candle'O'Sin), 2012
    - Built-in, configurable CF card storage
    (works as PBI in XL/XE mode, and through SDX driver in Colleen mode)
    - Built-in FAT32 loader (SIDE) with both ATR and XEX file handling
    - Device detailed elsewhere in this FAQ list (800 personality boards)

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 3.3.5) How can I use a Secure Digital (SD) card with my Atari?

    (SD background derived from Wikipedia)
    Secure Digital (SD) is a flash memory (non-volatile) memory card format used since 1999 in portable devices, including digital cameras, handheld computers, PDAs and GPS units. SD was based on the MultiMediaCard (MMC), which was introduced in 1997 by SanDisk and Siemens.

    The SD format includes four card families available in three different form factors. The four families are the original Standard-Capacity (SDSC), the High-Capacity (SDHC), the eXtended-Capacity (SDXC), and the SDIO, which combines input/output functions with data storage. The three form factors are the original size, the "mini" size, and the "micro" size. There are many combinations of form factors and device families.

    SIO2SD, by Jakub Kruszona-Zawadzki, Pajero/MadTeam, Jakub Husak
    Load games/applications into 8-bit Atari computers via SIO interface from SD/MMC cards. Device features:
    - Supported cards:
    MMC/SDSC/SDHC (and very likely with SDXC, but only FAT32 formatted)
    - Supported partitioning schemas:
    no partition, MBR (Master Boot Record), GPT (GUID Partition Table - EFI)
    - Supported formats: FAT12,FAT16 and FAT32
    - Handles ATR (rw), XFD (ro) and COM/XEX (ro) file types
    - 16x2 LCD display allows to "walk" catalog tree and choose files to load
    (40x2 LCD displays are also supported)
    - TURBO: 7th bit of command switches turbo. This is new turbo mode very
    similar to XF551 turbo mode.
    - All densities with 128B and 256B sectors, including 16MiB disks
    - Number of simulated drives: 15 + 100
    - Configuration program:
    - has to be present on SD card, but any program can be used
    - New ATR files and new folders can be created using SIO commands
    - "Empty disk" mode (ATR file created automatically during format command)
    - Deleting files from card using SIO commands
    - Renaming files and folders using SIO commands
    - Reading and writting all files using SIO commands (inside Atari folder and
    subfolders)
    - 100 extra "virtual drives" V0..V99, which can be mapped to any drive from
    D1 to D15
    - Fast mapping - Drives V0 to V3 have additional, special meaning. When one
    of keys from K1 to K4 is pressed during start then device overrides mapping
    of D1 and maps one of those drives to D1 (K1 = V0, K2 = V1 etc.).
    - Builtin very simple TURBO loader (for 7th bit mode - turbo mode similar to
    one used in XF551)
    - Available:
    - http://www.mega-hz.de/Angebote/SIO2SD/SIO2SD%20rev.2.html (SIO2SD rev.2)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=49 (SIO2SD 2k12)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=200 (SIO2SD - STARTER set)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=189 (SIO XE - SIO2SD with gray case)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=23 (SIO CB - SIO2SD with black case)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=63 (SIO CL - SIO2SD with white case)
    - SIO2SD project home: http://www.gucio.pl/

    SDrive, by C.P.U. (Radek Sterba (Raster) & Robert Petruzela (Bob!k))
    http://raster.infos.cz/atari/hw/sdrive/sdrive.htm
    The SDrive is a device that connects to Atari XL/XE's serial (SIO) port and simulates an Atari floppy disk drive with full read/write access to programs and data stored on a Secure Digital (SD) flash mamory card.
    Main features:
    - Supported flash cards: Secure Digital up to 2GB size, FAT16 filesystem
    - Maximum number of drives: 4 (D1: to D4:) + 1 special boot drive
    - Supported SIO transfer rates: 3.5 to 128 kbit/s (standard 19 and 69 kbit/s)
    - Supported disk images: ATR, XFD, size up to 16MiB, 128 or 256B sectors
    - Supported executable files: COM, XEX, BIN.... (any filename extension).
    - Device controlled by software running on Atari from the SD card, which can
    be therefore easily updated/replaced
    - Drives swappable on the fly by buttons
    - Write protect/enable switch
    - SDrive ID number selection switch - simultaneous use of up to 4 SDrives
    - Low cost design - no LCD, a few LEDs, cheap DIL28 Atmega8 MCU, single-sided
    PCB
    - Firmware and software source code freely available
    Special features:
    - Buffered reads for speedup
    - Delayed writes for speedup and greatly reduced flash write cycles
    - Built-in bootloader requiring less than 256 bytes including sector buffer,
    relocatable in the $0500-$05F7 to $BE00-$BEF7 range, with SKCTL
    initialization before every block. Supports executable files of up to 8MiB
    size.
    - Directory with filename simulated for active files in drives, data handled
    through standard 128B sectors. Executable files can be run from most DOSes
    or Q-MEG. Random data files with arbitrary suffix can be activated and
    opened by a program through DOS or copied to disk images. (Note: 80KiB file
    size limit applies to standard DOSes, 8MiB to Q-MEG and MyDOS)

    SDrive NUXX, by Steve Vigneau / c0nsumer
    http://nuxx.net/wiki/SDrive_NUXX
    Based on SDrive by C.P.U. Changes from the original SDrive:
    - A readily available enclosure and custom end panels with cutouts and
    artwork.
    - An SIO connector footprint. This allows a standard Atari SIO
    connector to be used, allowing easy connectivity with any of the compatible
    Atari 8-bit computers.
    - Incorporates a low-cost AVR programmer allowing a SDrive builder who doesn't
    have AVR programming hardware readily available an easy method of loading
    the firmware on the microcontroller.
    - The built-in Brown-Out Detector has been enabled with a 4.0V threshold.

    SDrive Standard, by Rick L. Detlefsen / Rix / More Than Games
    (based on SDrive by C.P.U.) http://morethangames.a8maestro.com/proda8/adv-eh0130.htm

    SDrive Bay Mount version, by Rick L. Detlefsen / Rix / More Than Games
    (based on SDrive by C.P.U.) http://morethangames.a8maestro.com/proda8/adv-eh0140.htm

    SIO2MicroSD, by Don Peruski
    An Arduino board was used as the platform. Features:
    - 4 Virtual Drives (D1:-D4:)
    - Supports standard SD/ED/DD ATR files
    - Up to 4 sub-directories under the Atari sub-directory
    - High Speed SIO *
    - Load/Unload/Swap with 4 buttons and 16x2 LCD Display
    - Optional "Game/Simple Mode" configuration to limit menu choices for easier
    use
    - LCD detail mode to view access commands and use
    - XEX Boot-Loader **
    - Ability to save current configuration of all settings
    - S-Drive main functions compatible ***
    - Full board version has built-in USB to update firmware or use as SIO2PC
    device
    - Because it is based on the Arduino, the hardware configuration options are
    limitless
    * Limited to mode 9 (about 56 kbit/s) due to 16Mhz crystal used with the stock
    Arduino.
    ** XEX Bootloader code used from S-Drive source
    *** Only main portions of S-Drive were implemented based on documentation http://diskwiz.wordpress.com/sio2microsd/

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 3.3.6) How can I use a USB flash drive with my Atari?

    USB flash drives are NAND-type flash memory data storage devices integrated with a USB (universal serial bus) interface. They are typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable.

    SIO2USB, by ABBUC Regional Group Frankfurt / Main (2007)
    The SIO2USB Interface is a peripheral device that can be attached to an Atari 8-bit computer using the SIO-Bus. It emulates one or more Atari Floppy- Drive(s) and does not require any special drivers or Operating-Systems, it is fully compatible with all Atari DOS Systems and extensions. Because the
    device is connected to the SIO-Bus, it is not necessary to open or modify the Atari. The device is powered by the SIO-Bus and does not need an external Power Adapter. The data are stored on standard USB Mass Storage Devices (USB FLASH Drives) as Atari-Imagefiles (ATR or XFD) on a standard FAT filesystem. Features:
    o Can boot an Atari 8-bit Computer without physical Floppy Drive
    o Emulation of up to 3 (virtual) Disk drives simultaneously
    o Simple device, attached to SIO-Port, no modification of computer necessary
    o Mixed operation of real Floppy and SIO2USB possible
    o Fully compatible with all Atari DOS and OS and all Atari compatible
    extensions
    o Storage of Atari-Imagefiles on standard USB FLASH Drives
    o Configuration of the device by built-in keys and LC-Display or
    configuration program on the Atari
    o Built-in Real Time Clock (RTC)
    o Power supply for the device and USB FLASH Drive from SIO-Bus
    o Updated SIO2USB Firmware can be applied from within the Atari (no
    additional device or computer required)
    o Updates available via Internet (USB FLASH Drive) or direct from the Atari
    (real Disk Drive)
    Information: http://preview.tinyurl.com/m6akpr8

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.1) What are the Atari 820, 822, and 825 Printers?

    The following printers were produced by Atari and styled to match the 400/800 computers.

    Atari 820 Printer
    - Sold by Atari in the USA only
    - 40-column dot matrix impact printer
    - 5x7 dot matrix
    - 40 characters per line, upper & lower case alpha
    - Horizontal and vertical alphanumeric characters
    - 6507 MPU (MOS Technology MCS6507 or equivalent), C010745
    - 6532 PIA (MOS Technology 6532 RAM-I/O-Timer (RIOT) or equivalent), C010750
    - 2KiB ROM
    - 40 characters per second
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P: and P1:
    - 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - Atari SIO cable CA14122 (3 ft.)
    - Ribbon
    - Standard Roll Paper (one roll)
    - Atari 820 Printer Operator's Manual C014762 (CO14762)
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC, 18W)
    - (There is no 220V/240V version of the 820.)
    - Uses Standard Roll Paper/adding machine paper
    - Print mechanism: LRC 7000 / Eaton 7000
    - Made in ????????
    - Industrial design (case): Roy Nishi and Russell W. Farnell
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 820 Printer Paper (Roll Paper) C014062
    - Atari 820 Printer Ribbon C014854
    - Technical manuals:
    - Atari 820 40 Column Printer Service Manual
    - FS015893 REV. 1 January, 1980
    - Atari 820 40 Column Printer Field Fervice Manual
    - FD100048 July, 1981 (c)1982

    Atari 822 Thermal Printer
    - 37 characters per second
    - 10 characters per inch (cpi)
    - 40 characters per line, upper/lower case and point graphics
    - 5x7 dot matrix
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P: and P1:
    - 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - AC Power Adapter
    - I/O Data Cord
    - One roll of white thermal paper installed
    - Atari 822 Thermal Printer Operator's Manual C015954 (CO15954)
    - Power: Used with an external 9 volt AC transformer power supply rated for at
    least 18 watts: Atari CA014748 or equivalent (including the Atari CA017964). - Print mechanism: Trendcom 100
    - Made in USA by Trendcom for Atari
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 822 Thermal Printer Paper (2 rolls) C016345

    Atari 825 80-Column Printer
    - Sold by Atari in the USA only
    - Dot matrix impact printer
    - 3 character sets:
    monospaced 7x8 dot matrix at 10 cpi (default)
    monospaced condensed at 16.7 cpi
    proportionately spaced Nx9 dot matrix at avg of 14 cpi (N=6..18)
    - Each character set with 96 standard ASCII characters
    - All characters can be elongated (printer double width)
    - Characters per line: 80 at 10 cpi; 132 at 16.7 cpi
    - Speed: 50 cps at 10 cpi; 83 cps at 16.7 cpi; 79 cps avg. proportional
    - Print buffer: 1200 dot columns
    - Controls along bottom of front of printer, left to right:
    - Online/Local
    - Paper Rev<->Fwd
    - Power Off On
    - Paper: roll, fanfold, or cut sheets
    - Connectivity: 40 pin PCB edge. Pinout:
    40 2
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    39 1
    1. Data Strobe 2. Ground
    3. Data Bit 1 4. Ground
    5. Data Bit 2 6. Ground
    7. Data Bit 3 8. Ground
    9. Data Bit 4 10. Ground
    11. Data Bit 5 12. Ground
    13. Data Bit 6 14. Ground
    15. Data Bit 7 16. Ground
    17. Data Bit 8 18. Ground
    19. Acknowledge 20. Ground
    21. Busy 22. Ground
    23. Always Logic 0 (Ground) 24. Ground
    25. On-Line 26. Not Used
    27. Signal Ground 28. Always Logic 1
    29. Not Used 30. Ground
    31. Signal Ground 32. +-+ Pin 32 connected to
    33. Chassis Ground 34. +-+ Pin 34 in Printer
    35. +5V Signal (Power Supply On) 36. Demand
    37. +17V 38. Not Used
    39. +17V 40. Not Used
    - Requires Atari 850 Interface Module or equivalent to connect to the
    Atari computer. As such:
    400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P2:
    - Included:
    - Ribbon
    - Atari CX86 Printer Cable (825 to 850 parallel)
    - Atari 825 80-Column Printer Operator's Manual C015506 (CO15506)
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC, 100W)
    - (There is no 220V/240V version of the 825.)
    - Print mechanism: Centronics 737
    - Made in ????????
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 825 Printer Ribbon (3 per box) CA016087
    - Atari 825 Printer Paper (Roll Paper) C016233
    - Atari 825 Paper Mandrel C016229
    - Atari 825 Paper Roll Support C016230
    - Atari 825 Paper Deflector C016231
    - Technical manual: 825 Printer Field Service Manual

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.2) What are the Atari 1020, 1025, 1027, and 1029 Printers?

    The following printers were produced by Atari and styled to match the XL
    series computers.

    Atari 1020 Color Printer
    - Type: Color printer/plotter
    - Text Mode Operations:
    - Set Character Width. One of:
    - 10 characters per inch (cpi) (40 columns per line, regular/default)
    - 5 cpi (20 columns per line)
    - 20 cpi (80 columns per line)
    - Set Character Scale
    - 64 character sizes available
    - International Characters
    - Graphics Mode Operations: Home, Change Color, Line Type, Draw, Initialize,
    Relative Draw, Move, Relative Move, Axis Drawing, Alpha Rotate
    - Printing speed: 10 characters per second (10 cpi mode)
    - Paper type: Standard roll paper (40-column width)
    - 4-color print head
    - Prints and plots vertically and horizontally
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P4:
    - 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - Atari SIO cable
    - 2 pens each: red, blue, green, black
    - TX9032 Graphics demonstration/Joystick Sketchpad Program Cassette
    - Side 1: Joystick Sketchpad (requires Atari BASIC): program to plot
    directly onto printer using a joystick
    - Side 2: Six sample graphics programs (all require Atari BASIC):
    Program Counter Number
    SAMPLE 002
    GRAPH 047
    RANDOM 017
    COLOR 061
    TRANGLE 032
    TRIANG2 070
    - Manuals:
    - The Atari 1020 Color Printer Owner's Guide C061368 (CO61368)
    - Joystick Sketchpad Instruction Guide C061578
    - Atari 1020 Color Printer Field Service Manual FD100288
    - Power: Used with an external 9 volt AC transformer power supply rated for at
    least 15 watts; Atari CA014748 or equivalent (including the Atari CA017964). - Print mechanism: ALPS
    - also found in: Commodore 1520, Tandy Radio Shack CGP-115, Sharp CE-150,
    Mattel Aquarius 4615, Texas Instruments HX-1000
    - Made in Japan
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 1020 Standard Replacement Pens C061420-01 / BX4204
    (4 pens; 1 each of: red, green, blue, black)
    - Atari 1020 Black Replacement Pens C061420-03 / BX4206 (4 pens)
    - Atari 1020 Replacement Roll Paper C061533 / BX4207 (2 rolls)

    Atari 1025 80-Column Printer
    - Type: 5 x 7 dot matrix impact
    - Formats
    - Regular: 10 cpi (80 columns)
    - Extended: 5 cpi (40 columns)
    - Condensed: 16.7 cpi (132 columns)
    - Printing Speed: 40 characters per second (10 cpi format)
    - Paper type: computer fanfold, roll, or single-sheet
    - Online switch
    - Buffer: 132 chrs at 16.7 cpi, 80 chrs at 10 cpi
    - European Character Set supported
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P3:
    - 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included: Printer ribbon, SIO cable, Power adapter (220V version)
    - CPU: Intel 8051 microcontroller (MCU), FC100387
    - 8155 RAM I/O: Intel 8155 2048 bit static MOS RAM with I/O ports and timer,
    FC100389
    - Manuals:
    - The Atari 1025 Printer Owner's Guide C060505
    - Atari 1025 Printer Field Service Manual FD100290
    - Power, 120V version: Plugs directly into wall (120V AC, 100W)
    - Power, 220V version: Used with an external AC power adapter with two
    outputs, one rated for 29VAC/600mA and the other rated for 8.6VAC/1A.
    Atari#14750, one such supply, is detailed elsewhere in this FAQ list.
    - Print mechanism: Okidata ML80 / Microline 80
    - Made in Japan
    - Sold separately: Atari 1025 80-Column Printer Ribbon C061419 / BX4202

    Atari 1027 Letter Quality Printer
    - Type: Letter quality (fully formed characters Prestige Elite 12)
    - Format: 12 pitch = 12 cpi (80 columns)
    - Printing speed: 20 characters per second
    - Paper type: Single sheets or Roll paper
    - Bi-directional printing
    - Underlining capability
    - International characters
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P5:
    - 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included: Ink roller, Atari SIO cable, power adapter
    - Manuals:
    - The Atari 1027 Letter Quality Printer Owner's Guide C061387
    - Atari 1027 Printer Field Service Manual FD100670 REV. 01 October 1983
    - Power, 120V version: Used with an external 9.5V AC power supply rated for
    4.2A or 40VA, such as Atari#C061636 or equivalent
    - Power, 220V version: Used with an external 9V AC power supply rated for
    4.2A, such as Atari#C061605-11 or equivalent
    - Print mechanism: Mannesmann Tally Riteman LQ
    - Remarkably, there are possibly NO working 1027 printers today because it
    seems all 1027 print heads have deteriorated due to age.
    - Made in Japan
    - Sold separately: Atari 1027 Replacement Ink Roller CA061649 / BX4212

    Atari 1029 Programmable Printer
    - Printing method: 5 X 7 dot matrix impact
    - Formats: Regular width (10 cpi, 80 columns across)
    Elongated (5 cpi, 40 columns across)
    - Line spacing: 6 lines per inch (regular width and elongated formats)
    9 lines per inch (graphics mode)
    - Printing speed: 50 characters per second (regular width format)
    - Character set: 132 characters (international and non-international)
    - Feed mechanism: Friction feed and pin (tractor) feed
    Friction feed using platen knob
    - Manual Feed: Forward and reverse using platen knob
    - Paper type: Computer fanfold (4.5 to 9.5 inches wide)
    Single-sheet (8.5 inches wide)
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P6:
    - 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Power
    - 220V-240V 50Hz-60Hz 0.15A version: Plugs directly into wall
    - 120V version: plugs directly into wall
    (released in Canada but not the USA)
    - Print mechanism: Seikosha GP-500 ; clone of Seikosha GP-500AT
    - Made in Japan for Atari, Corp. in 1984, following conception by Atari, Inc.
    - Info sources: http://www.cpcwiki.eu/index.php/Amstrad_DMP1_printer
    http://www.strotmann.de/~cas/Infothek/AtariTenZwentynine/Atari1029Manual.pdf - Industrial design (case): Tom Palecki
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 1029 Dot Matrix Printer Inked Ribbon For 10 Inch Model C070028

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.3) What are the Atari XMM801 and XDM121 Printers?

    The following printers were produced by Atari and styled to match the XE
    series computers.

    Atari XMM801 Dot Matrix Graphics Printer
    - Dot matrix impact printer
    - 80 columns
    - Pica 10 characters per inch (cpi), double width pica 5 cpi, elite 12 cpi,
    double width elite 6 cpi, condensed 16.5 cpi, double width condensed 8.25
    cpi
    - 96 ASCII character set and 36 International Characters.
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P7:
    - Included:
    - Direct connect 3 ft Atari SIO Cable,
    - Wire paper feed Rack,
    - Multi Strike black Ribbon Cassette
    - Manuals:
    - Atari XMM801 Dot-Matrix Graphics Printer Owner's Manual C025959
    - Atari XMM801 Field Service Manual C070435 (1985)
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC)
    - Friction feed or pin feed
    - Ribbon: Mannesmann Tally MT-80/MT-80 Plus/MT-81/SP-80/Spirit 80,
    Commodore 1526/MPS802/4023, Shinwa CP80
    - Made in Japan

    Atari XDM121 Letter-Quality Daisy-Wheel Printer
    - Daisy wheel impact printer
    - 80 columns
    - Underlining, subscripts, superscripts
    - Courier 10 Print Wheel (10 pitch = 10 cpi)
    - International Character Set
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P8:
    - Included:
    - 3 foot Direct connect Atari SIO cable
    - Atari XDM121 Letter-Quality Daisy-Wheel Printer Owner's Manual C026323
    (CO26323)
    - Multi Strike Black Ribbon Cassette
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC)
    - Friction feed paper
    - Ribbon: Silver Reed CF130, Olivetti ET201, ET221, Nu-Kote NK136
    - Made in ??????

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.4) What were the Atari XTM201 and XTC201 Printers?

    The XTM201 printer was introduced by Atari in January 1985 at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. A monochrome thermal printer, the XTM201 would accept single sheets of thermal paper or plain paper (Xerox 4024 or equivalent), and would also have both ribbon-end and paper-out sensors.
    The normal-density graphics mode would be Epson-compatible. Speed: 20 characters per second. The XTM201 never shipped, and no more than a handful
    of prototype units may exist.

    The XTC201 printer was introduced by Atari in January 1985 at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. A color thermal printer with support for monochrome (black) printing as well, the XTC201 would accept single sheets of thermal paper or plain paper (Xerox 4024 or equivalent), and would also
    have both ribbon-end and paper-out sensors. The normal-density graphics mode would be Epson-compatible. Speed: 20 characters per second. The XTC201 never shipped, and no more than a handful of prototype units may exist.

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.5) What other printers were designed for my Atari?

    This section should list all third-party printers that were designed with an Atari-specific interface.

    These printers attach to the Atari via SIO, and are compatible with the P: device handler of the Atari OS.

    Alphacom 42
    + Alphacom 42 Intelligent Interface Cable for Atari
    - Must be at end of SIO chain
    - Thermal printer
    - Friction feed
    - 40 columns / 4 1/2" max paper width
    - 80 cps / 2 lines per second
    - 10 characters per inch (cpi)
    - One line buffer
    - Graphics and full ATASCII character set support

    Alphacom 81 80-Column Printer (1983)
    + Alphacom 81 Intelligent Interface Cable for Atari
    - Must be at end of SIO chain
    - Thermal printer
    - Friction feed
    - 80 columns / 8.75" max paper width
    - 100 characters per second
    - 10 cpi
    - One line buffer

    [continued in next message]

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Michael Current@21:1/5 to Marc G. Frank on Fri Aug 30 20:27:51 2019
    [continued from previous message]

    - Maximum number of partitions: 16
    - Maximum capacity of a partition: 16777215 logical sectors (8 GiB)
    - Logical sector length: 512 bytes (native, same as physical block) or
    256 bytes (emulation) or (as of BIOS v.1.8) 128 bytes (emulation)
    - Average speed (depends on the drive and DOS used):
    50-80 kB/s (native mode, R/W), or
    20-45 kB/s (emulation mode, reading), or
    7-12 kB/s (emulation mode, writing)
    - 16-bit data transfers
    - Fully Atari OS compliant (no Atari OS patches are needed)
    - Bus ID for the Atari OS configurable with a jumper
    - Can boot from any partition (of a hard drive or CF card)
    - Independent partitions can be write-protected
    - ATAPI support not provided by the BIOS
    - Utilities, tools and the system software: http://drac030.krap.pl/

    SmartIDE, project by Bob Woolley (1996)
    - Project for the 1200XL
    - Published as a series of articles in Atari Classics magazine;
    Web pages by Clarence Dyson
    - "SmartOS" Sept/Oct 1995, pp. 25-29
    http://www.wolfpup.net/atarimods/smartos-1.html
    - "Dallas 'ROMs'" Fall 1996, p. 16
    http://www.wolfpup.net/atarimods/smartos-2.html
    - "Smart IDE" Fall 1996, pp. 17-19
    http://www.wolfpup.net/atarimods/smartide-1.html
    - "The IDEal Hard Drive" Fall 1996, pp. 20-22
    http://www.wolfpup.net/atarimods/smartide-2.html
    - "IDE Driver Software" Fall 1996, pp. 23-27
    http://www.wolfpup.net/atarimods/smartide-3.html
    Software (IDE38.ASM) download: http://www.wolfpup.net/atarimods/idecode.zip
    - IDE (IDE_NKH.ASM 12/09/00; based on IDE38.ASM by Bob Woolley) by Nathan
    Hartwell adds the SIO command GET_CONFIG to the IDE Driver Software
    http://www.magelair.com/atari_8bit_stuff.html
    - Extensions of the SmartIDE project:
    ==> 16-bit IDE, project by Nathan Hartwell (MageX)(2000)
    - Based on the schematic for SmartIDE by Bob Woolley
    - SmartIDE Code (IDE_NKH.ASM 12/19/00) is based on IDE38.ASM by Bob
    Woolley
    - Project home: http://www.magelair.com/atari_8bit_stuff.html
    ==> PBI 16-bit IDE, project by Nathan Hartwell (MageX)(2000?)
    - Heavily modified from the SmartIDE schematic by Bob Woolley
    - Like SmartIDE, this is still an internal design that plugs into the MPU
    socket for most of the signals needed.
    - No PAL/GAL logic is used.
    - No code has yet been developed.
    - Project home: http://www.magelair.com/atari_8bit_stuff.html

    msc IDE, by Stefan Birmanns and Matthias Belitz (1996)
    - Parallel device, connects to PBI
    - A Cartridge+ECI adapter can also be used
    - Up to 240 partitions per hard disk supported
    - Emulates D1: until D9: of disk devices (access to 9 partitions at one time)
    - Full bootable from any partition (with standard XL-OS)
    - Write protection capability
    - Supports up to two hard drives (master/slave)
    - Transfer rate > 30 kB/s file access with SPARTA-DOS 3.2 gx (reading)
    - Transfer rate > 10 kB/s file access with SPARTA-DOS 3.2 gx (writing)
    - Software partially supports CD-ROM and ZIP drives.
    - Partially software compatible with the KMK/JZ IDE interface
    - No longer in production
    - More information:
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111117071126/http://www.birmanns.de/atari/

    BadSector "A", project by Gary Morton (2001)
    - Control an IDE hard disk drive using the Atmel AT89S53 processor (or 8031
    compatible processor).
    - Compatible with all models of Atari due to the use of the SIO (serial bus)
    - Project home: http://www.alma.demon.co.uk/Atari/AtariHwSw.html

    SIO2IDE, project by Marek Mikolajewski (MMSoft)(2001-2005)
    Attach any IDE Disk Drive or CF Card (using CF2IDE adapter) to your 8-bit
    Atari computer.
    ATARI side:
    - Uses standard Atari SIO at a speed of 19200 baud
    - Works with Atari High Speed SIO (US and Happy) at a speed of 52000 baud
    - Emulates Atari disks D1: to D8: disk D1: can be swapped with Common disk D1:
    (HD1_ZW jumper, drive D9: in config file)
    - Can be used with any Atari DOS and OS
    - Can be used without any problems with other SIO devices
    - Can be easy installed inside your Atari with 2.5' laptop HD or CF card
    - Is easy to configure via special fdisk.com utility software (changing
    disks sequence and active directory)
    - It uses ATR files to emulate real floppy disk or hard drive
    IDE device side:
    - All IDE ATA/ATAPI devices can be used: Disk Drives (2.5" and 3.5"),
    Compact Flash cards etc.
    - Supports PC file systems, FAT16 and FAT32
    - Supports CD file system, ISO9660
    - Supports ATR disk images (SD, DD up to 16MiB)
    - Supports directory change (multiconfig)
    - Is easy to configure, many text configuration files (sio2ide.cfg) can be
    stored in different directories
    - Disk configuration can be checked by special checkfs.exe PC utility
    NOTE: checkfs.exe does NOT work with HDD connected via USB port
    - Standard system disk utilities can be used (defrag.exe, scandisk.exe etc)
    - Long File Name (LFN) support for HDD
    - TEST mode for checking HDD initializations
    - Supports Master/Slave IDE devices
    - Disk defragmentation is not required
    USB port side (SIO2IDE Versions 4.x option):
    - Interface allows the attached ATA drive to work as USB Mass Storage Class
    device (removable drive) on a Windows PC
    - No drivers are needed for Windows 2K, ME, XP. Windows 98 driver available.
    - SIO2IDE in USB mode is not working with Linux
    Available, Version 3.3:
    http://www.mega-hz.de/Angebote/SIO2IDE33/SIO2IDE33.html
    Available, latest version: http://afs.atari.org/sio2ide.htm
    - Options: USB controller, SIO plug
    SIO2IDE project home: http://www.atariarea.krap.pl/sio2ide/

    MyIDE, by Mr.Atari (Sijmen Schouten)(2002) / Atarimax (Steven Tucker)
    - Originally released as plans, as a cartridge, or as a kit that could either
    be installed into a cartridge case or inside the computer.
    Software also included: MyBIOS, the IDE based OS by Mr.Atari
    - Version 3.1 is an internal or external IDE interface for all Atari
    8-bit XL/XE computers (2006)
    - Atarimax implementations by Steven Tucker:
    - MyIDE+Flash Cartridge Interface (XL/XE)
    - MyIDE Internal Interface (XL/XE)
    - MyIDE project home: http://www.mr-atari.com/myidehome.htm

    IDE Plus 2.0 (2011)
    - Allows you to attach an ATA (IDE) hard drive, a CF (Compact Flash) card or
    an ATAPI device (e.g. a CD-ROM drive) to your Atari XL/XE computer. Drive
    must be ATA-3 or later. Dual drives supported.
    - Hardware design by Jacek Zuk (Simius), 1995-2011
    - Parallel device, with both PBI and Cartridge+ECI connectors
    - Provides pass-through Cartridge port
    - Addresses well known problems with the PHI2 signal not being generated
    the same across various Atari XL and XE motherboard revisions, and across
    computers with different hardware extensions installed.
    - Does not require an external power-supply
    - Contains 96KiB ISP Flash ROM and 32KiB RAM available to the internal
    PBI BIOS and flashable from the Atari
    - Contains 512KiB or 1024KiB ISP Flash ROM for SpartaDOS X (or any other
    cartridge of such type), flashable from the Atari. This ROM can be
    physically disabled using a dedicated switch.
    - Contains a real time clock circuitry to be used with SpartaDOS X.
    - Contains a LED flashing during the I/O
    - AtariAge preorder thread: http://preview.tinyurl.com/nc7msfb
    - Software by Konrad Kokoszkiewicz. Firmware characteristics (29.10.2011):
    - Maximum drive capacity: 268435456 sectors on either device (128 GiB)
    - Maximum number of partitions: 16
    - Maximum capacity of a partition: no practical limit
    - Logical sector length: 128 bytes (emulation), 256 bytes (emulation) or
    512 bytes (native)
    - Average speed (depends on the drive and DOS used):
    50-80 kB/s (native mode, R/W), or
    30-45 kB/s (emulation mode, R/W)
    - 16-bit data transfers
    - Fully Atari OS compliant (no Atari OS patches are needed)
    - Independent partitions can be write-protected
    - ATAPI support not provided by the BIOS
    - Documentation, utilities, tools, system software: http://drac030.krap.pl/

    SIDE, by Sebastian Bartkowicz (Candle), 2011
    - Allows the use of a CF card on the Atari, via the cartridge port
    - Features:
    - SpartaDOS X cartridge (SDX)
    - On Board Real Time Clock with appropriate driver inside SDX
    - CF Card slot capable of handling 3.3V CF cards (that excludes
    microdrives, but everything else, regardless of capacity should work)
    - Developer web page: http://spiflash.org/block/16.html

    SIDE 2, by Przemyslaw Krawczyk (Lotharek), 2012
    - Builds on the original SIDE concept by adding CF card hot-swap
    functionality and enhanced ROM banking capabilities.
    - Available: http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=68

    MyIDE-II, by Atarimax (Steven Tucker) / Mr.Atari (Sijmen Schouten), 2012
    MyIDE-II CompactFlash Cartridge for Atari XL/XE computers includes:
    - Compact Flash Hardware Interface (by Atarimax)
    - Full Software Power Control
    - Hardware Media Change Detection
    - Upgradable Hardware Core via Card Edge JTAG Interface
    - 512KiB On-Board User Customizable Flash Memory
    - Atarimax Maxflash Studio & USB Programmer Integration
    - Menu Customizability using Maxflash Studio Workbooks
    - 512KiB On-Board Application SRAM
    - Develop advanced applications without requiring internal RAM upgrades
    - Mr-Atari's MyBIOS Included
    - New MyIDE-II MyBIOS with Full "Hot Swap" Media Change Support
    - Upgrade/Change MyBIOS by updating your Maxflash Studio Workbook
    More features:
    - Available Atarimax MyIDE-II FAT32 Loader, to access *.XEX and *.COM files
    directly from FAT32 partitions
    - Disk mode, to load .ATR files inside MyIDE mode
    - MyIDE mode, works the same as earlier MyIDE Interface
    - LED access, and card on/off
    - Compatible with SD cards with adaptors http://www.atarimax.com/myide/documentation/

    Incognito, by Sebastian Bartkowicz (Candle'O'Sin), 2012
    - Built-in, configurable CF card storage
    (works as PBI in XL/XE mode, and through SDX driver in Colleen mode)
    - Built-in FAT32 loader (SIDE) with both ATR and XEX file handling
    - Device detailed elsewhere in this FAQ list (800 personality boards)

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 3.3.5) How can I use a Secure Digital (SD) card with my Atari?

    (SD background derived from Wikipedia)
    Secure Digital (SD) is a flash memory (non-volatile) memory card format used since 1999 in portable devices, including digital cameras, handheld computers, PDAs and GPS units. SD was based on the MultiMediaCard (MMC), which was introduced in 1997 by SanDisk and Siemens.

    The SD format includes four card families available in three different form factors. The four families are the original Standard-Capacity (SDSC), the High-Capacity (SDHC), the eXtended-Capacity (SDXC), and the SDIO, which combines input/output functions with data storage. The three form factors are the original size, the "mini" size, and the "micro" size. There are many combinations of form factors and device families.

    SIO2SD, by Jakub Kruszona-Zawadzki, Pajero/MadTeam, Jakub Husak
    Load games/applications into 8-bit Atari computers via SIO interface from SD/MMC cards. Device features:
    - Supported cards:
    MMC/SDSC/SDHC (and very likely with SDXC, but only FAT32 formatted)
    - Supported partitioning schemas:
    no partition, MBR (Master Boot Record), GPT (GUID Partition Table - EFI)
    - Supported formats: FAT12,FAT16 and FAT32
    - Handles ATR (rw), XFD (ro) and COM/XEX (ro) file types
    - 16x2 LCD display allows to "walk" catalog tree and choose files to load
    (40x2 LCD displays are also supported)
    - TURBO: 7th bit of command switches turbo. This is new turbo mode very
    similar to XF551 turbo mode.
    - All densities with 128B and 256B sectors, including 16MiB disks
    - Number of simulated drives: 15 + 100
    - Configuration program:
    - has to be present on SD card, but any program can be used
    - New ATR files and new folders can be created using SIO commands
    - "Empty disk" mode (ATR file created automatically during format command)
    - Deleting files from card using SIO commands
    - Renaming files and folders using SIO commands
    - Reading and writing all files using SIO commands (inside Atari folder and
    subfolders)
    - 100 extra "virtual drives" V0..V99, which can be mapped to any drive from
    D1 to D15
    - Fast mapping - Drives V0 to V3 have additional, special meaning. When one
    of keys from K1 to K4 is pressed during start then device overrides mapping
    of D1 and maps one of those drives to D1 (K1 = V0, K2 = V1 etc.).
    - Built-in very simple TURBO loader (for 7th bit mode - turbo mode similar to
    one used in XF551)
    - Available:
    - http://www.mega-hz.de/Angebote/SIO2SD/SIO2SD%20rev.2.html (SIO2SD rev.2)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=49 (SIO2SD 2k12)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=200 (SIO2SD - STARTER set)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=189 (SIO XE - SIO2SD with gray case)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=23 (SIO CB - SIO2SD with black case)
    - http://lotharek.pl/product.php?pid=63 (SIO CL - SIO2SD with white case)
    - SIO2SD project home: http://www.gucio.pl/

    SDrive, by C.P.U. (Radek Sterba (Raster) & Robert Petruzela (Bob!k))
    http://raster.infos.cz/atari/hw/sdrive/sdrive.htm
    The SDrive is a device that connects to Atari XL/XE's serial (SIO) port and simulates an Atari floppy disk drive with full read/write access to programs and data stored on a Secure Digital (SD) flash memory card.
    Main features:
    - Supported flash cards: Secure Digital up to 2GB size, FAT16 filesystem
    - Maximum number of drives: 4 (D1: to D4:) + 1 special boot drive
    - Supported SIO transfer rates: 3.5 to 128 kbit/s (standard 19 and 69 kbit/s)
    - Supported disk images: ATR, XFD, size up to 16MiB, 128 or 256B sectors
    - Supported executable files: COM, XEX, BIN.... (any filename extension).
    - Device controlled by software running on Atari from the SD card, which can
    be therefore easily updated/replaced
    - Drives swappable on the fly by buttons
    - Write protect/enable switch
    - SDrive ID number selection switch - simultaneous use of up to 4 SDrives
    - Low cost design - no LCD, a few LEDs, cheap DIL28 Atmega8 MCU, single-sided
    PCB
    - Firmware and software source code freely available
    Special features:
    - Buffered reads for speedup
    - Delayed writes for speedup and greatly reduced flash write cycles
    - Built-in bootloader requiring less than 256 bytes including sector buffer,
    relocatable in the $0500-$05F7 to $BE00-$BEF7 range, with SKCTL
    initialization before every block. Supports executable files of up to 8MiB
    size.
    - Directory with filename simulated for active files in drives, data handled
    through standard 128B sectors. Executable files can be run from most DOSes
    or Q-MEG. Random data files with arbitrary suffix can be activated and
    opened by a program through DOS or copied to disk images. (Note: 80KiB file
    size limit applies to standard DOSes, 8MiB to Q-MEG and MyDOS)

    SDrive NUXX, by Steve Vigneau / c0nsumer
    http://nuxx.net/wiki/SDrive_NUXX
    Based on SDrive by C.P.U. Changes from the original SDrive:
    - A readily available enclosure and custom end panels with cutouts and
    artwork.
    - An SIO connector footprint. This allows a standard Atari SIO
    connector to be used, allowing easy connectivity with any of the compatible
    Atari 8-bit computers.
    - Incorporates a low-cost AVR programmer allowing a SDrive builder who doesn't
    have AVR programming hardware readily available an easy method of loading
    the firmware on the microcontroller.
    - The built-in Brown-Out Detector has been enabled with a 4.0V threshold.

    SDrive Standard, by Rick L. Detlefsen / Rix / More Than Games
    (based on SDrive by C.P.U.) http://morethangames.a8maestro.com/proda8/adv-eh0130.htm

    SDrive Bay Mount version, by Rick L. Detlefsen / Rix / More Than Games
    (based on SDrive by C.P.U.) http://morethangames.a8maestro.com/proda8/adv-eh0140.htm

    SIO2MicroSD, by Don Peruski
    An Arduino board was used as the platform. Features:
    - 4 Virtual Drives (D1:-D4:)
    - Supports standard SD/ED/DD ATR files
    - Up to 4 sub-directories under the Atari sub-directory
    - High Speed SIO *
    - Load/Unload/Swap with 4 buttons and 16x2 LCD Display
    - Optional "Game/Simple Mode" configuration to limit menu choices for easier
    use
    - LCD detail mode to view access commands and use
    - XEX Boot-Loader **
    - Ability to save current configuration of all settings
    - S-Drive main functions compatible ***
    - Full board version has built-in USB to update firmware or use as SIO2PC
    device
    - Because it is based on the Arduino, the hardware configuration options are
    limitless
    * Limited to mode 9 (about 56 kbit/s) due to 16Mhz crystal used with the stock
    Arduino.
    ** XEX Bootloader code used from S-Drive source
    *** Only main portions of S-Drive were implemented based on documentation http://diskwiz.wordpress.com/sio2microsd/

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 3.3.6) How can I use a USB flash drive with my Atari?

    USB flash drives are NAND-type flash memory data storage devices integrated with a USB (universal serial bus) interface. They are typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable.

    SIO2USB, by ABBUC Regional Group Frankfurt / Main (2007)
    The SIO2USB Interface is a peripheral device that can be attached to an Atari 8-bit computer using the SIO-Bus. It emulates one or more Atari Floppy- Drive(s) and does not require any special drivers or Operating-Systems, it is fully compatible with all Atari DOS Systems and extensions. Because the
    device is connected to the SIO-Bus, it is not necessary to open or modify the Atari. The device is powered by the SIO-Bus and does not need an external Power Adapter. The data are stored on standard USB Mass Storage Devices (USB FLASH Drives) as Atari disk image files (ATR or XFD) on a standard FAT filesystem.
    Features:
    o Can boot an Atari 8-bit Computer without physical Floppy Drive
    o Emulation of up to 3 (virtual) Disk drives simultaneously
    o Simple device, attached to SIO-Port, no modification of computer necessary
    o Mixed operation of real Floppy and SIO2USB possible
    o Fully compatible with all Atari DOS and OS and all Atari compatible
    extensions
    o Storage of Atari disk image files on standard USB FLASH Drives
    o Configuration of the device by built-in keys and LC-Display or
    configuration program on the Atari
    o Built-in Real Time Clock (RTC)
    o Power supply for the device and USB FLASH Drive from SIO-Bus
    o Updated SIO2USB Firmware can be applied from within the Atari (no
    additional device or computer required)
    o Updates available via Internet (USB FLASH Drive) or direct from the Atari
    (real Disk Drive)
    Information: http://preview.tinyurl.com/m6akpr8

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.1) What are the Atari 820, 822, and 825 Printers?

    The following printers were produced by Atari and styled to match the 400/800 computers.

    Atari 820 Printer
    - Sold by Atari in the USA only
    - 40-column dot matrix impact printer
    - 5x7 dot matrix
    - 40 characters per line, upper & lower case alpha
    - Horizontal and vertical alphanumeric characters
    - 6507 MPU (MOS Technology MCS6507 or equivalent), C010745
    - 6532 PIA (MOS Technology 6532 RAM-I/O-Timer (RIOT) or equivalent), C010750
    - 2KiB ROM
    - 40 characters per second
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P: and P1:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - Atari SIO cable CA14122 (3 ft.)
    - Ribbon
    - Standard Roll Paper (one roll)
    - Atari 820 Printer Operator's Manual C014762 (CO14762)
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC, 18W)
    - (There is no 220V/240V version of the 820.)
    - Uses Standard Roll Paper/adding machine paper
    - Print mechanism: LRC 7000 / Eaton 7000
    - Made in ????????
    - Industrial design (case): Roy Nishi and Russell W. Farnell
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 820 Printer Paper (Roll Paper) C014062
    - Atari 820 Printer Ribbon C014854
    - Technical manuals:
    - Atari 820 40 Column Printer Service Manual
    - FS015893 REV. 1 January, 1980
    - Atari 820 40 Column Printer Field Fervice Manual
    - FD100048 July, 1981 (c)1982

    Atari 822 Thermal Printer
    - 37 characters per second
    - 10 characters per inch (cpi)
    - 40 characters per line, upper/lower case and point graphics
    - 5x7 dot matrix
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P: and P1:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - AC Power Adapter
    - I/O Data Cord
    - One roll of white thermal paper installed
    - Atari 822 Thermal Printer Operator's Manual C015954 (CO15954)
    - Power: Used with an external 9 volt AC transformer power supply rated for at
    least 18 watts: Atari CA014748 or equivalent (including the Atari CA017964). - Print mechanism: Trendcom 100
    - Made in USA by Trendcom for Atari
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 822 Thermal Printer Paper (2 rolls) C016345

    Atari 825 80-Column Printer
    - Sold by Atari in the USA only
    - Dot matrix impact printer
    - 3 character sets:
    monospaced 7x8 dot matrix at 10 cpi (default)
    monospaced condensed at 16.7 cpi
    proportionately spaced Nx9 dot matrix at avg of 14 cpi (N=6..18)
    - Each character set with 96 standard ASCII characters
    - All characters can be elongated (printer double width)
    - Characters per line: 80 at 10 cpi; 132 at 16.7 cpi
    - Speed: 50 cps at 10 cpi; 83 cps at 16.7 cpi; 79 cps avg. proportional
    - Print buffer: 1200 dot columns
    - Controls along bottom of front of printer, left to right:
    - Online/Local
    - Paper Rev<->Fwd
    - Power Off On
    - Paper: roll, fanfold, or cut sheets
    - Connectivity: 40 pin PCB edge. Pinout:
    40 2
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    39 1
    1. Data Strobe 2. Ground
    3. Data Bit 1 4. Ground
    5. Data Bit 2 6. Ground
    7. Data Bit 3 8. Ground
    9. Data Bit 4 10. Ground
    11. Data Bit 5 12. Ground
    13. Data Bit 6 14. Ground
    15. Data Bit 7 16. Ground
    17. Data Bit 8 18. Ground
    19. Acknowledge 20. Ground
    21. Busy 22. Ground
    23. Always Logic 0 (Ground) 24. Ground
    25. On-Line 26. Not Used
    27. Signal Ground 28. Always Logic 1
    29. Not Used 30. Ground
    31. Signal Ground 32. +-+ Pin 32 connected to
    33. Chassis Ground 34. +-+ Pin 34 in Printer
    35. +5V Signal (Power Supply On) 36. Demand
    37. +17V 38. Not Used
    39. +17V 40. Not Used
    - Requires Atari 850 Interface Module or equivalent to connect to the
    Atari computer. As such:
    400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P2:
    - Included:
    - Ribbon
    - Atari CX86 Printer Cable (825 to 850 parallel)
    - Atari 825 80-Column Printer Operator's Manual C015506 (CO15506)
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC, 100W)
    - (There is no 220V/240V version of the 825.)
    - Print mechanism: Centronics 737
    - Made in ????????
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 825 Printer Ribbon (3 per box) CA016087
    - Atari 825 Printer Paper (Roll Paper) C016233
    - Atari 825 Paper Mandrel C016229
    - Atari 825 Paper Roll Support C016230
    - Atari 825 Paper Deflector C016231
    - Technical manual: 825 Printer Field Service Manual

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.2) What are the Atari 1020, 1025, 1027, and 1029 Printers?

    The following printers were produced by Atari and styled to match the XL
    series computers.

    Atari 1020 Color Printer
    - Type: Color printer/plotter
    - Text Mode Operations:
    - Set Character Width. One of:
    - 10 characters per inch (cpi) (40 columns per line, regular/default)
    - 5 cpi (20 columns per line)
    - 20 cpi (80 columns per line)
    - Set Character Scale
    - 64 character sizes available
    - International Characters
    - Graphics Mode Operations: Home, Change Color, Line Type, Draw, Initialize,
    Relative Draw, Move, Relative Move, Axis Drawing, Alpha Rotate
    - Printing speed: 10 characters per second (10 cpi mode)
    - Paper type: Standard roll paper (40-column width)
    - 4-color print head
    - Prints and plots vertically and horizontally
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P4:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - Atari SIO cable
    - 2 pens each: red, blue, green, black
    - TX9032 Graphics demonstration/Joystick Sketchpad Program Cassette
    - Side 1: Joystick Sketchpad (requires Atari BASIC): program to plot
    directly onto printer using a joystick
    - Side 2: Six sample graphics programs (all require Atari BASIC):
    Program Counter Number
    SAMPLE 002
    GRAPH 047
    RANDOM 017
    COLOR 061
    TRANGLE 032
    TRIANG2 070
    - Manuals:
    - The Atari 1020 Color Printer Owner's Guide C061368 (CO61368)
    - Joystick Sketchpad Instruction Guide C061578
    - Atari 1020 Color Printer Field Service Manual FD100288
    - Power: Used with an external 9 volt AC transformer power supply rated for at
    least 15 watts; Atari CA014748 or equivalent (including the Atari CA017964). - Print mechanism: ALPS
    - also found in: Commodore 1520, Tandy Radio Shack CGP-115, Sharp CE-150,
    Mattel Aquarius 4615, Texas Instruments HX-1000
    - Made in Japan
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 1020 Standard Replacement Pens C061420-01 / BX4204
    (4 pens; 1 each of: red, green, blue, black)
    - Atari 1020 Black Replacement Pens C061420-03 / BX4206 (4 pens)
    - Atari 1020 Replacement Roll Paper C061533 / BX4207 (2 rolls)

    Atari 1025 80-Column Printer
    - Type: 5 x 7 dot matrix impact
    - Formats
    - Regular: 10 cpi (80 columns)
    - Extended: 5 cpi (40 columns)
    - Condensed: 16.7 cpi (132 columns)
    - Printing Speed: 40 characters per second (10 cpi format)
    - Paper type: computer fanfold, roll, or single-sheet
    - Online switch
    - Buffer: 132 characters at 16.7 cpi, 80 characters at 10 cpi
    - European Character Set supported
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P3:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included: Printer ribbon, SIO cable, Power adapter (220V version)
    - CPU: Intel 8051 microcontroller (MCU), FC100387
    - 8155 RAM I/O: Intel 8155 2048 bit static MOS RAM with I/O ports and timer,
    FC100389
    - Manuals:
    - The Atari 1025 Printer Owner's Guide C060505
    - Atari 1025 Printer Field Service Manual FD100290
    - Power, 120V version: Plugs directly into wall (120V AC, 100W)
    - Power, 220V version: Used with an external AC power adapter with two
    outputs, one rated for 29VAC/600mA and the other rated for 8.6VAC/1A.
    Atari#14750, one such supply, is detailed elsewhere in this FAQ list.
    - Print mechanism: Okidata ML80 / Microline 80
    - Made in Japan
    - Sold separately: Atari 1025 80-Column Printer Ribbon C061419 / BX4202

    Atari 1027 Letter Quality Printer
    - Type: Letter quality (fully formed characters Prestige Elite 12)
    - Format: 12 pitch = 12 cpi (80 columns)
    - Printing speed: 20 characters per second
    - Paper type: Single sheets or Roll paper
    - Bi-directional printing
    - Underlining capability
    - International characters
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P5:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included: Ink roller, Atari SIO cable, power adapter
    - Manuals:
    - The Atari 1027 Letter Quality Printer Owner's Guide C061387
    - Atari 1027 Printer Field Service Manual FD100670 REV. 01 October 1983
    - Power, 120V version: Used with an external 9.5V AC power supply rated for
    4.2A or 40VA, such as Atari#C061636 or equivalent
    - Power, 220V version: Used with an external 9V AC power supply rated for
    4.2A, such as Atari#C061605-11 or equivalent
    - Print mechanism: Mannesmann Tally Riteman LQ
    - Remarkably, there are possibly NO working 1027 printers today because it
    seems all 1027 print heads have deteriorated due to age.
    - Made in Japan
    - Sold separately: Atari 1027 Replacement Ink Roller CA061649 / BX4212

    Atari 1029 Programmable Printer
    - Printing method: 5 X 7 dot matrix impact
    - Formats: Regular width (10 cpi, 80 columns across)
    Elongated (5 cpi, 40 columns across)
    - Line spacing: 6 lines per inch (regular width and elongated formats)
    9 lines per inch (graphics mode)
    - Printing speed: 50 characters per second (regular width format)
    - Character set: 132 characters (international and non-international)
    - Feed mechanism: Friction feed and pin (tractor) feed
    Friction feed using platen knob
    - Manual Feed: Forward and reverse using platen knob
    - Paper type: Computer fanfold (4.5 to 9.5 inches wide)
    Single-sheet (8.5 inches wide)
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P6:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Power
    - 220V-240V 50Hz-60Hz 0.15A version: Plugs directly into wall
    - 120V version: plugs directly into wall
    (released in Canada but not the USA)
    - Print mechanism: Seikosha GP-500 ; clone of Seikosha GP-500AT
    - Made in Japan for Atari, Corp. in 1984, following conception by Atari, Inc.
    - Info sources: http://www.cpcwiki.eu/index.php/Amstrad_DMP1_printer
    http://www.strotmann.de/~cas/Infothek/AtariTenZwentynine/Atari1029Manual.pdf - Industrial design (case): Tom Palecki
    - Sold separately:
    - Atari 1029 Dot Matrix Printer Inked Ribbon For 10 Inch Model C070028

    ------------------------------

    Subject: 4.3) What are the Atari XMM801 and XDM121 Printers?

    The following printers were produced by Atari and styled to match the XE
    series computers.

    Atari XMM801 Dot Matrix Graphics Printer
    - Dot matrix impact printer
    - 80 columns
    - Pica 10 characters per inch (cpi), double width pica 5 cpi, elite 12 cpi,
    double width elite 6 cpi, condensed 16.5 cpi, double width condensed 8.25
    cpi
    - 96 ASCII character set and 36 International Characters.
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P7:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - Direct connect 3 ft Atari SIO Cable,
    - Wire paper feed Rack,
    - Multi Strike black Ribbon Cassette
    - Manuals:
    - Atari XMM801 Dot-Matrix Graphics Printer Owner's Manual C025959
    - Atari XMM801 Field Service Manual C070435 (1985)
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC)
    - Friction feed or pin feed
    - Ribbon: Mannesmann Tally MT-80/MT-80 Plus/MT-81/SP-80/Spirit 80,
    Commodore 1526/MPS802/4023, Shinwa CP80
    - Made in Japan

    Atari XDM121 Letter-Quality Daisy-Wheel Printer
    - Daisy wheel impact printer
    - 80 columns
    - Underlining, subscripts, superscripts
    - Courier 10 Print Wheel (10 pitch = 10 cpi)
    - International Character Set
    - 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
    XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P8:
    - Connectivity: 2 Atari SIO ports for direct connection to Atari computers
    - Included:
    - 3 foot Direct connect Atari SIO cable
    - Atari XDM121 Letter-Quality Daisy-Wheel Printer Owner's Manual C026323
    (CO26323)
    - Multi Strike Black Ribbon Cassette
    - Power supply is built-in (plugs directly into the wall, 120V AC)
    - Friction feed paper

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