[continued from previous message]

'terminal' mode and you should now be able to type on
either computer and see it on the other screen. To
accomplish a file transfer, use Y-modem probably from
BobTerm, rather than X-modem. X-modem will often append
bytes to a file transfer, an undesirable event. There is
also a very nice Z-modem receive program for the Atari,
called ATAR-Z-MODEM by Larry Black for the Atari.

A convenient way to make a null modem cable, up to about
30 feet long, is to use two DB-25S connectors
(Radio Shack) some three or more conductor cable. Using
the two DB-25S connectors allows unplugging your
modems and plugging in the null modem cable into the two
modem cables. This also avoids the confusion of
variations in the computer ports. Most computers connect
into the modem end via a standard RS-232 DB25 connection.
With this both ends 25 pin cable, you would cross pins 2
and 3 and connect the #7s together to make a null modem
cable.

The SIO port on the Atari cannot be used directly. An
850, P:R: Connection, MIO, Black Box or similar device
that provides an RS-232 port must be used.


Following are pin assignments for a DB25 pin RS-232-C
port.
1. Protective Ground 12. Select Alternate Rate
2. Transmit Data 15. Transmit Clock (sync)
3. Receive Data 17. Receive clock (sync)
4. RTS (Request to Send) 20. Data Terminal Ready
5. CTS (Clear to Send) 22. Ring indicator
6. Data Set Ready 23. Select Alternate Rate
7. Signal Ground 24. Transmit Clock
8. Carrier Detect

For higher speed connections, above 4800 or 9600, you
need the flow control lines and Atari term software that
has flow control built in. You also need an MIO or Black
Box, which uses the PBI (parallel bus). A high speed
cable would need not only XMT, RCV, and GND, but also
flow control lines. I suggest a commercial null modem
from computer store to ensure correct lines. A null
modem is a small adapter with the correct lines already
crossed. I don't know how to correctly connect the CTS,
RTS, DTR, DSR, CRX lines for a high speed null modem.
With a null modem, you just plug it into the 25 pin
connectors of the two modem cables you might already
have connected to your Atari and PC or Mac. You may need
a straight thru 25 pin gender changer also.

Following is in this FAQ elsewhere, but I summarize here:
(Figure out or look for pin numbers on the ports.) Note
that these are pin assignments, and NOT null modem
connections with the XMT, RCV crossed and GND straight
thru.

Atari 8-bit PC AT 25 PC AT 9 pin
-------------------------------------
1. DTR 20 4*
2. CRX 8 1*
3. XMT 2 3
4. RCV 3 2*
5. GND 7 5
6. DSR 6 6
7. RTS 4 7
8. CTS 5 8
9. No connect? shield RI
22 RI

Note: * above indicates the difference between an AT 9 pin
and a Atari 8-bit 9 pin cable connector, e.g., if you check
continuity from pin 3 of 25 pin end and it goes to pin
4 of nine pin end, you have an Atari serial cable. If pin
3 of 25 pin goes to pin 2 of 9 pin end, you have a PC
serial cable.
(updated 3/1/99)
(DTE = Data Terminal Equipment, i.e., your computer.
DCE = Data Communications Equipment, i.e., your modem.)

------------------------------

Subject: 5.5) What networking hardware is there for the Atari?

Supra MicroNet (developed by MPP, released by Supra) (1985)

Share one SIO chain of peripherals (printers, disk drives, modems) among up to 8 computers. When one computer accesses a peripheral device, the entire bus
is occupied so that the other computers on the "network" must wait. The bus
is freed five seconds after a computer finishes interacting with the peripheral. Shipped with modified Atari DOS 2.5 to support busy disk retry. For sharing a printer, a printer buffer such as the MPP/Supra MicroStuffer for each computer is recommended. Reviewed: http://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n10/productreviews.html

CSS Deluxe Quintopus (1989)

Can be used to "share" up to 4 SIO device chains between two computers. Unit includes 2 switched SIO ports and 4 unswitched SIO ports. Two computers can
be connected to the two switched ports, but in this scenario only one of the switched ports can be switched on at a time. http://www.nleaudio.com/css/products/quintopus.htm
(The standard Quintopus is identical except with only unswitched ports.)

CSS Multiplexer ("MUX") (1989?)

Description from the CSS online catalog:
The Multiplexer is a collection of cartridge interface boards that allow up to 8 Ataris to read and write to the same drives (typically a hard disk), access the same printer(s), and talk to each other. It is the first practical networking system for the Atari 8-bit computer.
One "master" computer (any 8-bit) is equipped with the master Multiplexer interface. Then up to 8 "slave" computers hook up to this master, each having their own slave interface. The slave interface consists of a cartridge that plugs into the cartridge port. It has its own socket on the top so you can
use whatever cartridges you desire with the system.
The "common" peripherals (things that are to be shared) are connected to the master. On each slave, all disk and printer I/O is routed through the master so no extra disk drives are needed. The master computer can be configured in any manner you wish. You may have certain peripherals local to the slave or routed to a different number on the master. Note that serial ports (R: RS-232 interfaces) are not multiplexed. All slaves are independent and do not need
to have the same program running on them. http://www.nleaudio.com/css/products/multiplexer.htm

GameLink and GameLink-II

Two hardware designs by Chuck Steinman of DataQue support the linking of two
or more Atari computers. Each supports multiple user head-to-head gaming
where each player uses a separate computer (each with separate TV/monitor). (GameLink and GameLink-II descriptions by Andreas Koch)
a) GameLink: This hardware was developed in 1989/90. It links two
computers together via the joystick ports. It is limited to a maximum
of 2 computers and thus 2 or 6 players, meaning one free port per
XL/XE computer and 3 free ports per 400/800 computer. However, the
few existing games for this hardware merely support 2 players.
b) GameLink-II: This hardware was developed in 1991/92. It links 2 to 8
computers together via the SIO ports. One computer will then act as
the master and has to boot up the software (from tape, disk, hard disk,
etc.) first. Then all other "slave" computers connect to it and boot
off of this master computer (one after another of course). In Europe
we call this device "Multilink", mostly because of the games written
by Bewesoft (Jiri Bernasek) called Multi-Dash, Multi-Race, Multi-Worms.
A two computer network can easily be done with one SIO cable, just
open the end of the SIO cable and exchange cables number 3 and 5. You
now have an easy two computer (2-4 players) network cable.
For some available software for hardware such as GameLink and GameLink-II please another section of this FAQ list, "What programs support Atari computer networking?"

AT-Link (Alphasys)

Arianne Slaager writes:
I was actually surprised to read about the GameLink, as I made a similar
cable myself, called the AT-Link. This cable could also be used to
communicate with Commodore 64 computers, and I made driver software for both systems at the time. There were 2 drivers. One as relocatable machine code, and another as device driver. Also in the package was a 2 player Battleships type game where Side A had the Atari version, and Side B the Commodore 64 version.
...wasn't more than two old joystick cables in a crosslink configuration,
(Pin 1 and 2 linked to pin 3 and 4 of the other cable respectively)

EightLink (Alphasys)

Arianne Slaager writes:
I also made a special high speed Atari to Atari cable, called the EightLink. This one was cartridge based system, with a PIA inside, which boasted a 8 bit bidirectional, parallel databus, and a 4 bit crosslinked control bus.
Transfer speeds were such that two Ataris on opposite ends of a large hall could transfer disk data faster than it could be read or written. The actual cable connecting the two was a flatcable with 33 leads, alternating ground and a dataline across the width to minimise crossover disruption of data. Also
for this link system, I made drivers both in relocatable code, as well as a device driver.

Automatisches 2-Rechnerinterface = Automatic 2-Computer Interface (A2RI)

(c) 1994 by Thomas Grasel for the ABBUC Regionalgruppe Frankfurt / Main (RAF) Share one SIO chain of peripherals (printers, disk drives, modems) between two computers. When one computer accesses a peripheral device, the entire bus is occupied so that the other computer must wait. The bus is freed about one second after a computer finishes interacting with the peripheral. http://www.mathyvannisselroy.nl/2r_bauan.PDF

------------------------------

Subject: 5.6) How can I connect my Atari to a high speed/Ethernet network?

Two options are presented here:
- Option #1 is a generic LAN/RS-232 interface from Lantronix
- Option #2 is a native ethernet interface for the Atari

Option #1
=-=-=-=-=
Marius Diepenhorst pioneered the use of Lantronix devices. He writes (2004):

"Try to get a Lantronix UDS-10 device. It acts like a modem but it is a LAN
-> RS-232 converter. So with that device you can have incoming and outgoing
'calls' like modem ones via the Internet.

I ran my Atari 8-bit BBS with such a thing. The Lantronix UDS-10 or MSS100
will do too. But in that case you have to make a custom RS-232 cable (easy
job)."

Lantronix UDS-10 official: http://www.lantronix.com/device-networking/external-device-servers/uds-10.html

Other, similar serial-to-Ethernet interfaces from Lantronix have been successfully utilized, including the discontinued MSS100 (http://www.lantronix.com/support/discontinued/mss100.html) and MSS1-T.

Lantronix UDS1100, successor to the earlier UDS-10 and MSS100: http://preview.tinyurl.com/yo3qmz

Option #2
=-=-=-=-=
The Atari 8-Bit Ethernet Project is developing a hardware/software solution that will be able to connect to the internet via an Atari 8-bit Ethernet Cartridge.

The hardware and software was originally developed by Chris Martin and tested by Mark Dusko. The software is based on the work already done in the
Commodore 64 community, this adapter will allow you to take advantage of telnet, e-mail, web browsing and a web server via the Contiki Operating System and a Ciris Logic CS8900A ethernet controller chip.

The main component is called the IP Dragon II; the official cartridge name is the Dragon Cart.

Project website: http://www.atari8ethernet.com/

------------------------------

Subject: 6.1.1) What is the Atari 850 Interface Module?

While the Atari's SIO and controller ports did not conform to established industry standards, Atari produced the 850 Interface Module to provide access to devices complying with two important interface standards of the time, RS-232-C serial and Centronics parallel.

RS-232-C Serial Interface
-------------------------
The Electronic Industries Association (EIA) introduced the RS-232 standard, entitled "Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit- Terminating Equipment (DCE) Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange," in 1960 in an effort to standardize the interface between DTE (usually a terminal or a computer emulating a terminal) and DCE (usually a modem). Although emphasis then was placed on interfacing between a modem unit and DTE, other
applications for the standard gained popularity. Early versions of the EIA
232 standard included RS-232 (1960), RS-232-A (1963), and RS-232-B (1965).
From 1969-1987, including most of the time of the 8-bit Atari, the standard
was formally known as EIA RS-232-C. Revisions since then have included EIA- 232-D (1987), EIA/TIA-232-E (1991), and the current version from the Telecommunications Industry Association, EIA/TIA-232-F (1997), known as of
2011 as TIA-232-F. Especially in the 1980s, 232 was widely adopted for low- cost serial connections between the DTE and peripherals such as an external modem, mouse, plotter, printer, scanner, digitizer, track ball, and myriad others. In more recent years TIA-232-F has essentially been supplanted by
USB. In keeping with the context of the time period, this FAQ will normally refer to the 232 standard as RS-232-C.

The Atari 850 interface connects to the SIO port on the Atari computer and provides the system with:

- Four serial interface ports (RS-232-C)
- One 8-bit parallel output interface port (Centronics)

Serial interface port key features:
- The 850 functions as RS-232-C Data Terminal Equipment (DTE).
- RS-232-C Circuits (signaling lines):
(Send / Out) | (Receive / In)
Port 1: XMT, DTR, RTS | RCV, DSR, CTS, CRX
Port 2: XMT, DTR | RCV, DSR
Port 3: XMT, DTR | RCV, DSR
Port 4: XMT | RCV
- Port 4 primarily serves as a 20 mA current loop interface, supporting
20 mA current loop peripherals such as a teletype machine.
- Baud rates:
45.5 bit/s*, 50 bit/s*, 56.875 bit/s*, 75 bit/s**, 110 bit/s, 134.5 bit/s,
150 bit/s, 300 bit/s, 600 bit/s, 1200 bit/s, 1800 bit/s, 2400 bit/s,
4800 bit/s, 9600 bit/s
* These baud rates are useful for communications with Baudot teletypes, for
RTTY (radioteletype) applications. They are more commonly referred to as
60, 67, and 75 words per minute.
** This baud rate is sometimes used for ASCII communications, and may also
be used for 5-bit Baudot RTTY. The latter is commonly referred to as
100 words per minute.

The Atari Operating System does not include a resident device handler for the serial ports of the 850, but the 850 contains an R: handler, supporting
devices R1: through R4:, in its ROM.
- Bootstrap without disk drive-- With no powered disk drive #1 present, the
R: handler loads from the ROM of a powered 850 into computer RAM on
system startup. (The 850 masquerades as disk drive #1, responding to the
Atari OS attempt to boot from disk.) An extended beep is emitted through
the computer's audio signal as the handler is loaded.
- Bootstrap with disk drive-- The R: handler can be loaded from the
850 ROM as part of a Disk Boot. (Atari DOS 2.0S, DOS 3, DOS 2.5, and
DOS XE include provisions for this.)
- The R: handler can be loaded from the 850 ROM by software after system
boot.
Many alternatives to the 850 ROM R: handler have been developed. Please see a separate section of this FAQ list regarding R: and T: device handlers for the 850 for more details.

The Atari Operating System's resident P: Printer device handler supports the parallel output interface port of the 850.
- 400/800 OS: Responds to P: and ignores any device number
XL OS: Responds to P:, P1:, and P2:

PINOUTS
=======
Serial Interface Port 1 (DE-9 Socket - female):
1. DTR Data Terminal Ready (Out)
2. CRX Carrier Detect (In)
5 1 3. XMT Send Data (Out)
o o o o o 4. RCV Receive Data (In)
o o o o 5. Signal Ground
9 6 6. DSR Data Set Ready (In)
7. RTS Request to Send (Out)
8. CTS Clear to Send (In)

Serial Interface Port 2 (DE-9 Socket - female):
5 1 1. DTR Data Terminal Ready (Out)
o o o o o 3. XMT Send Data (Out)
o o o o 4. RCV Receive Data (In)
9 6 5. Signal Ground
6. DSR Data Set Ready (In)

Serial Interface Port 3 (DE-9 Socket - female):
5 1 1. DTR Data Terminal Ready (Out)
o o o o o 3. XMT Send Data (Out)
o o o o 4. RCV Receive Data (In)
9 6 5. Signal Ground
6. DSR Data Set Ready (In)

Serial Interface Port 4 (DE-9 Socket - female):
/ 20 mA Current Loop Operation
1. +10V / TXD+ Send Data +
5 1 3. XMT / TXD- Send Data - (Out)
o o o o o 4. RCV Receive Data (In) --+ A 20 mA current loop
o o o o 5. Ground | device must tie together
9 6 7. +10V / RXD+ Receive Data + --+ pins 4 and 7.
9. -8V / RXD- Receive Data -

Parallel Interface Port (DA-15 Socket - female):
1. /Data Strobe
2. Data bit 0
3. Data bit 1
8 1 4. Data bit 2
o o o o o o o o 5. Data bit 3
o o o o o o o 6. Data bit 4
15 9 7. Data bit 5
8. Data bit 6
9. Data Pins Pull-Up (+5V)--+ A device that cannot hold
11. Signal Ground | /Fault high may instead tie
12. /Fault (high required)--+ together pins 12 and 9.
13. Busy
15. Data bit 7

Prototype 850 units are in an all-black brushed steel case, but production units are in a beige plastic case matching the 400/800 computers.

Front of unit (left-to-right):
- Power In jack
- On power indicator light
- Power Off / On switch
- Two I/O Connectors (Atari SIO)
Right side of unit:
- Parallel Interface port
Rear of unit (left-to-right):
- Four Serial Interface ports, 4 - 3 - 2 - 1

850 internals:
- 6507 MPU (MOS Technology MCS6507 or equivalent), C010745
- 6532 PIA. Two of:
- MOS Technology 6532 RAM-I/O-Timer (RIOT) or equivalent, C010750
- 4KiB X 8 Bit ROM, C012099

Manuals:
- Atari 850 Interface Module Operator's Manual C015953 Rev. 1 1980
(preliminary version shipped with earlier/most 850 units; 102 pages)
- Atari 850 Interface Module Operator's Manual C017651 REV. B 1982 (15 pages)
- Atari 850 Interface Module Technical Manual C017652 REV. B 1982 (106 pages)
- Atari 850 Interface Module Field Service Manual
- CS 400/800-S004-B 4/81
- FD100036 April, 1981

Power: Used with an external 9 volt AC transformer power supply rated for at least 17 watts: Atari CA014748 or equivalent.

The 850 was designed by R. Scott Scheiman at Atari, according to: http://www.atarimuseum.com/computers/8bits/400800/atari850.html

The 850 was manufactured by Atari in the USA.

------------------------------

Subject: 6.1.2) What is the Atari XEP80 Interface Module?

The Atari XEP80 interface connects to joystick port 1 or 2 on the Atari computer and provides the system with:

- An 80-column Video Display Controller with phono output jack, carrying a
monochrome composite video signal which can be either 60Hz (NTSC compatible)
or 50Hz (PAL/SECAM compatible), selectable in software.
- A Parallel Printer Port (Centronics output interface)

Note that the XEP80 does not include provision for audio.

VIDEO DISPLAY CONTROLLER
The XEP80 video hardware generates an 80 column by 25 line text display
through a video connector/cable plugged into a separately purchased monitor. The monitor can be any Composite Video input type, although for the best display a monochrome is strongly advised.

Internally, the XEP80 is a 256 character wide by 25 line high storage device with an 80 column wide display window. Characters may be placed anywhere within the device independent of the window location. The window may be scrolled across the 256 column wide field.

Optionally, the XEP80 may be placed into Pixel Graphics mode. This mode supports a bit mapped (pixel) screen of 320 dots (40 bytes) horizontal by 200 dots (lines) vertical. The output window displayed is approximately half the size of the text window.

The XEP80's composite video signal contains more horizontal scan lines per field than are used in NTSC or PAL/SECAM color broadcast, composite video, or Y/C video (S-video) signals. The XEP80 outputs 250 scan lines of video per field for the 60Hz signal compared to the NTSC standard of 243, or 300 scan lines of video for the 50Hz signal compared to the PAL standard of 288. Thus the XEP80's output was ideal for high-resolution CRT-based monochrome
composite video monitors of the time, but settings on color televisions and monitors must typically be adjusted, if possible, in order for the entire
video output signal to be viewable on the screen.

PARALLEL PORT
The XEP80 supports a functional subset of the Centronics or PC parallel
printer interface (standards introduced elsewhere in this FAQ list), using the IBM PC standard (1981) connector. Note that the Atari Operating System resident P: device handler does not support a printer attached via joystick port, so a substitute P: handler must be installed in RAM in order for Atari software to recognize the XEP80 parallel port for printing.
13 1
o o o o o o o o o o o o o DB-25 Socket - female
o o o o o o o o o o o o
25 14
1. /Strobe 11. Busy
2-9. Parallel Data 12-17. Not Used
10. Not Used 18-25. Ground

SOFTWARE
The XEP80 Handler and Relocator is provided on diskette in the form of a DOS binary file named AUTORUN.SYS. This file is automatically loaded into memory and initialized by the DOS at boot (power on) time.
Contents of the XEP80 Boot Disk: (DX5087)
DOS.SYS DOS 2.5 File Management Subsystem (FMS)
DUP.SYS DOS 2.5 Disk Utility Package (DUP)
AUTORUN.SYS XEP80 Handler and Relocator.
Substitute versions for three OS-resident device handlers:
- S: Display Handler
- E: Screen Editor
Designed to be compatible with the standard E: device but
for the XEP80 80-column screen display.
- P: Printer.
Default configuration supports 8 different printer devices:
P1: XEP80 parallel port
P2: 850 Interface Module parallel port (e.g., Atari 825)
P3: 1025 Printer
P4: 1020 Color Plotter
P5: 1027 Printer
P6: 1029 Printer
P7: XMM801 Printer
P8: XDM121 Printer
The handler interprets P: (no device number) to mean, P1:
RELOC.SRC Relocater in assembly source
XEP80HAN.SRC Handler in assembly source
DEMO80.BAS Demonstrates overall XEP80 features
MAKER.BAS Program to generate an AUTORUN.SYS from a custom-made Handler
ATRIBUTE.BAS Demonstrates special text features
WINDOW.BAS Demonstrates the 256-character wide window
EIGHTY.BAS Displays a spreadsheet-like grid using the full XEP80 display
GRAPHICS.BAS Demonstrates graphics capability by drawing a sphere on screen
PRINTER.BAS Program to revise the default printer port configuration
XEP80.DOC Product Specification For XEP80 hardware and software

Hold down [Shift] while loading the XEP80 Handler and Relocator (AUTORUN.SYS) to load the P: handler but not the S: and E: handlers (use the XEP80 for its parallel printer port only).

The key engineer/designer of the XEP80 was Jose Valdes at Atari.
Lane Winner was software developer for the XEP80 at Atari.
The XEP80 was made in Taiwan.

The XEP80 draws 400mA of current from an external power supply. Use a power supply that delivers 500mA 9V DC (center positive). Shipped with Atari
C016353 or C018084.

------------------------------

Subject: 6.1.3) What were the CP/M Add-On module and 1090 XL Expansion System?

The Atari CP/M Add-On module (internally: Sweetpea, Sweet Pea, 1060) was shown at the June 1983 Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago. Housed in a case resembling the 1050 disk drive, features were to include: Z-80 microprocessor (4.0MHz Z-80A), 64KiB RAM, CP/M 2.2 operating system (by Digital Research; supplied on diskettes for Atari disk drive), 80 column display capability (composite video output port for high resolution monochrome display; unit
would also be able to use the Atari computer's display device in 40 or 80 column modes). Electrical and firmware design licensed from Add-on Computer Corp. CP/M software applications supplied on diskettes formatted for Atari disk drive (810 and 1050 formats both supported by the unit) were to be marketed separately (catalog supplied in the box with the unit) by Add-on Software, Inc., who expected to initially offer: Wordstar (MicroPro International), dBASE II (Allied Computer Services), Peachpak (Peachtree Software), Pascal/MT+ (Digital Research), CBASIC (Digital Research), SuperWriter (Sorcim), SuperCalc (Sorcim), Multiplan (Microsoft), MBASIC (Microsoft), and perhaps: MicroSort, Supersoft FORTH, Personal Pearl Database Manager. Atari confirmed the cancellation of the unshipped CP/M Add-On in January 1984. No more than a handful of prototype units may exist. http://www.atarimuseum.com/computers/8BITS/XL/xlperipherals/1060/1060.html https://archive.org/details/AddOnCPM

The Atari Expansion Box was first shown at the June 1983 Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago. Later dubbed the 1090 XL Expansion System, and intended to replace the 850 interface, the 1090 would plug into the PBI on 600XL/800XL/1400XL/1450XLD computers to provide: two RS-232-C serial input/output ports, one Centronics-type parallel output port, and five
internal 8-bit PBI card slots. Three prototype XL Expansion Cards for the
1090 have been identified: the 1066 CP/M card (1090 card version of the CP/M Add-On module), an 80-column video card (perhaps necessary for the 1066 CP/M card to be usable), and a 64KiB RAM card that by June 1984 was promoted to
ship with the 1090. Atari continued to promote the 1090 through June 1984. A handful of prototypes exist, but the 1090 was never shipped. Few if any working prototype XL Expansion Cards for the 1090 exist. http://www.atarimuseum.com/computers/8BITS/XL/xlperipherals/1090xl.html

------------------------------

Subject: 6.1.4) What MIDI interfaces are there for the Atari?

From Wikipedia (10.28.2012):
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is an electronic musical
instrument industry specification that enables a wide variety of digital musical instruments, computers and other related devices to connect and communicate with one another. It is a set of standard commands that allows electronic musical instruments, performance controllers, computers and related devices to communicate, as well as a hardware standard that guarantees compatibility between them.

MIDI OUT, MIDI IN, and MIDI THRU interface connectors listed below are:
DIN-5 180 Socket - female

Several MIDI interfaces have been designed for the 8-bit Atari computers:

MIDIMATE AND COMPATIBLE
=======================
MIDIMate, by Hybrid Arts (Bob Moore)
- Has MIDI OUT, MIDI IN, SYNC OUT (phono jack), SYNC IN (phono jack) ports
- Connects to the Atari via SIO (must be at end of SIO chain)
- Uses SIO Motor Control; only one such device can be attached to the
system at a time.
- Introduced Jan. 1984 at NAMM (National Association of Music Manufacturers)
with MIDITrack sequencer program
- Also shipped with: MIDITrack II (1984), MIDITrack III (1985; 128KiB XL/XE)
- Sold separately or distributed by Hybrid Arts for the MIDIMate:
- MIDITrack III (1985; 128KiB XL/XE)
- DX-Editor (for the Yamaha DX7 and TX series)
- GenPatch (generic patch library system)
- MIDICom (MIDI Telecommunications) (1986)
- MIDIPatch for the Yamaha DX-7 & TX tone rack (1985)
- MIDIPatch for the Casio CZ-101 & CZ-1000 (1985)
- Oasis (visual editing system for the Ensoniq Mirage & 128KiB XL/XE; 1986)
- MIDI Music System (MMS) (1986)
- by Synthetic Software (Lee Actor/Gary Levenberg)
- Based on Advanced MusicSystem II
- Includes an AMS to MMS conversion program
- K3 Wave Table Editor (64KiB XL/XE) (Charles Faris for Kawai America)
- Other software:
- MIDI Maze, by Michael Park for Xanth F/X (prototype for Atari, 1989)

MIDIMax, by Wizztronics (Steve Cohen) (1988)
- Provides MIDI OUT and MIDI IN ports
- Connects to the Atari via SIO; provides SIO port for daisy chain
- Compatible with the earlier MIDIMate by Hybrid Arts
- Shipped with MIDI Music System (MMS) by Synthetic Software

MIDIMate-Interface V2, by ABBUC HardWareDoc (2011)
- Provides MIDI OUT, MIDI IN, and MIDI THRU ports
- Connects to the Atari via SIO
- Two versions:
1) Must be at end of SIO chain
2) Provides SIO port for daisy chain
- Compatible with the earlier MIDIMate by Hybrid Arts
- See: http://www.abbuc.de/~hardwaredoc/projekte/hardware/midi/midimate.html

MIDI Muse project, by Ivo van Poorten, 2018.
- MIDIMate compatible, except for the SIO port triggers
- Project website: https://github.com/ivop/midimuse

MIDI MASTER AND COMPATIBLE
==========================
MIDI Master, by 2 Bit Systems (1986)
- Later units produced by Gralin International
- Cable connects to the Atari via SIO and provides two 5-pin DIN sockets
(female) at the other end, for MIDI OUT and MIDI IN
(cable must be at end of SIO chain)
- Shipped with several programs on disk
- 8 track real time sequencer with tempo correction
- Casio CZ series voice editor (edit and store voices on disk/tape)
- Yamaha DX 100/21 series voice editor
- Music player program (Music Computer or Advanced MusicSystem II)
- DX7 voice editor
- CZ menu and keyboard split utility
- Extensive review: http://www.page6.org/pd_lib/page6/pd_midimaster.htm

MIDIMaster II, by Gralin International (1992)
- Provides MIDI OUT and MIDI IN ports
- Connects to the Atari via SIO (must be at end of SIO chain)
- Compatible with the earlier MIDI Master by 2 Bit Systems
- Shipped with several programs on disk - updated versions of those shipped
with the earlier MIDI Master by 2 Bit Systems

OTHER MIDI INTERFACES
=====================
Atari MIDI Interface, by Karlheinz Metscher (appeared in the German
magazine Computer Kontakt June/July 1986, pages 69-75, complete with
documentation, schematics and its first program "MIDI Receiver";
in Computer Kontakt October/November 1986 appeared the second program,
called "MIDI Disk" - a MIDI Recorder and Player program);

MIDI Interface for Atari XE / XL (public domain project)
- Project published by Ireneusz Kuczek in Elektronika Praktyczna 6/98,
p.86-88, see: http://ep.com.pl/files/6133.pdf
- Several versions:
- Provides MIDI OUT port
- Provides MIDI OUT and MIDI IN ports
- Provides two MIDI OUT ports and one MIDI IN port
- Connects to the Atari via SIO (must be at end of SIO chain)
- Software:
- MIDI Sequencer 1.15, by Maciej Sygit (1993)
- MPE v2.3 MIDI Pattern Editor, version 2.3, by Radek Sterba (1995)
- Recorder MIDI ver 1.1, by Ireneusz Kuczek (1997)
- MIDI-Play v1.3, by Ireneusz Kuczek (1998)
- Project website: http://ixkuczek.republika.pl/ixkuczek.html

MidiJoy, by Phobotron (Frederik Holst), 2014
- MidiJoy is a software/interface combination that allows you to use your
Atari as a musical instrument. The interface part emulates a USB-MIDI
(serial MIDI is optional) device that can be accessed by any kind of
instrument as well as sequencer software on a PC or Mac that can output MIDI
data. The MidiJoy software receives these data from the interface via the
joystick ports and plays them on the POKEY sound-chip. In contrast to most
SIO-based MIDI interfaces, a MidiJoy-driven Atari can be used as a live
instrument in real time with up to four sound channels simultaneously. At

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