XPost: alt.fan.rush-limbaugh, can.politics, alt.politics.liberalism
XPost: alt.politics.democrats, alt.politics.usa.republican
On Mon, 04 Dec 2023 13:35:39 -0500, Governor Swill says...
On Sun, 3 Dec 2023 13:31:28 -0800, Siri Cruise <chine.bleu@www.yahoo.com> wrote:
AlleyCat wrote:
The Undisputed Science: The illustration shows how CO2 breaks down into 3 >> different molecules when CO2 combines with water, collectively called Dissolved
Inorganic Carbon (DIC). First one of water's H+ ion pops off to form
Bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions now contribute over 90% of the oceans >> current DIC (red curve) . Another H+ proton pops off to form Carbonate ions
which constitue ~9% of DIC (green curve). No more than 1% of invading CO2 >> remains as CO2 (blue curve).
When hydrogen H pops off H2O what happens to remaining hydroxide OH?
In distilled water, water molecules collide 2H2O -> H30 + OH
and in a subsequent collision H30 + OH -> 2H2O
Without the H3O there's nothing for the OH to combine with.
How did you manage to get the hydrogen atom to separate from the water molecule? Water is
one of the most stable molecules in nature.
Swill
Do you guys EVER research your questions?
No, I did not know this, NOR do I care to know it... it's just not a part of my life and I'm not the narcissistic nerd that seems to be ubiquitous around here, but at least I researched it to find an answer to the question.
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Limitless Hydrogen Energy? Breakthrough Seen In Separating H From H2O
https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/researchers-announce-breakthrough-in- separating-hydrogen-from-h2o/
Splitting the hydrogen and oxygen in water is accomplished using a process called " water electrolysis " in which both the hydrogen and oxygen molecules separate into individual gasses...
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At What Temperature Will Water Split Into Hydrogen And Oxygen?
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/questions/what-temperature-will- water-split-hydrogen-and-oxygen
Answer Dave - You can do it electrically with about 1.3 volts of electricity. However, to do it thermally, you've got to heat it up to over 2,000 degrees centigrade. It's one of these things whereby the hotter you get, the more complete the dissociation - you split the molecules up.
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Water Splitting - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_splitting
Electrolyser front with electrical panel in foreground. Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen (H 2) due to an electric current being passed through the water.. Atmospheric electricity utilization for the chemical reaction in which water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen. (Image via: Vion, US patent 28793. June 186
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How To Separate Hydrogen From Water: A Complete Guide
https://www.watermedia.org/how-to-separate-hydrogen-from-water
In the case of hydrogen fuel, the most common source of hydrogen is water, which is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Separating hydrogen from water is a complex process that requires a lot of energy and expertise. However, with the rising demand for clean energy, hydrogen separation is becoming an increasingly important process.
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Hydrogen Bonds In Water (Article) | Khan Academy
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/structure-of- water-and-hydrogen-bonding/a/hydrogen-bonding-in-water
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom, and its overall structure is bent. This is because the oxygen atom, in addition to forming bonds with the hydrogen atoms, also carries two pairs of unshared electrons. All of the electron pairs-shared and unshared-repel each other.
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How Much Energy Is Needed To Break A Water Molecule?
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/5853/how-much-energy-is-needed- to-break-a-water-molecule
The energy required for the following reaction, your point of interest: HX2O HX2 + 12 OX2 H X 2 O H X 2 + 1 2 O X 2 is simply a positive value for either one of the above ?H°f ? H f ° values depending on the state of the reactant. It means that per mole water splitting requires at least 241.8 kJ 241.8 k J of energy.
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A Better Way To Get Hydrogen From Water - MIT Technology Review
https://www.technologyreview.com/2012/06/19/115742/a-better-way-to-get- hydrogen-from-water/
The basic approach in high-temperature water splitting is to heat up an oxidized metal to drive off oxygen, then add water. In Davis's case, the starting material is manganese oxide, and the ...
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How To Separate Water Into Hydrogen And Oxygen: A Comprehensive Guide
https://www.watermedia.org/how-to-separate-water-into-hydrogen-and-oxygen
Step 1: Assemble an Electrolyzer. The first step in separating water into hydrogen and oxygen is to assemble an electrolyzer. An electrolyzer is a device that uses an electric current to break apart water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen gases. The most common type of electrolyzer is a two-compartment cell with a membrane that separates the ...
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Splitting Water Into Hydrogen And Oxygen - The Homeschool Scientist
https://thehomeschoolscientist.com/splitting-water/
1 What's Inside a Battery 2 Splitting Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen 3 Splitting Water Into Hydrogen and Oxygen 3.1 Materials 3.2 Instructions 3.3 Video 4 Conclusion 5 What Happens When Splitting Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen? 5.1 Why Do We Use Salt When Splitting Water? 6 The Chemistry Behind Splitting Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Splitting Water | Scientific American
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/splitting-water/
Background To find out what water is made of, it helps to look at its chemical formula, which is H2O. This basically tells us that the water molecule is composed of two elements: hydrogen and...
Psychologist Stephen Johnson writes that a narcissist is someone who has "buried his true self-expression in response to EARLY INJURIES and replaced it with a highly developed, compensatory FALSE SELF."
This alternate personna often comes across as grandiose, "above others," self- absorbed, and highly conceited.
Gaslighting is a form of persistent manipulation and brainwashing that causes the victim to doubt her or himself, and to ultimately lose one's own sense of perception, identity, and self-worth. A gaslighter's statements and accusations are often based on deliberate falsehoods and calculated marginalization. The term gaslighting is derived from the 1944 film Gaslight, where a husband tries to convince his wife that she's insane by causing her to question herself and her reality.
Multiple studies and writings have been done on the impact of narcissism and gaslighting on relationships(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). While each of these often destructive pathologies is unique, there are certain behavioral overlaps. Following are six common traits, with references from my books: "How to Successfully Handle Narcissists" and "How to Successfully Handle Gaslighters & Stop Psychological Bullying". Not all narcissists and gaslighters possess every characteristic identified below. However, chronic narcissists and gaslighters are likely to exhibit at least several of the following on a regular basis.
1. Frequent Lies and Exaggerations
Both narcissists and gaslighters are prone to frequent lies and exaggerations (about themselves and others), and have the tendency of lifting themselves up by putting others down. While narcissists often strive to make themselves seem superior and "special" by showing off, bragging, taking undeserved credit, and other forms of self-aggrandizement, gaslighters tend to concentrate on making you feel inferior through false accusations, constant criticism, and psychological intimidation. Both narcissists and gaslighters can be adept at distortion of facts, deliberate falsehoods, character assassinations, and negative coercions. One key difference is that while the narcissist lies and exaggerates to boost their fragile self-worth, the gaslighter does so to augment their domination and control.
2. Rarely Admit Flaws and Are Highly Aggressive When Criticized
Many narcissists and gaslighters have thin skin and can react poorly when called to account for their negative behavior. When challenged, the narcissist is likely to either fight (e.g., temper tantrum, excuse-making, denial, blame, hypersensitivity, etc.) or take flight (bolt out the door, avoidance, silent treatment, sulking resentment, or other forms of passive-aggression). The gaslighter nearly always resorts to escalation by doubling or tripling down on their false accusations or coercions, to intimidate or oppress their opponent. Many gaslighters view relationships as inherently competitive rather than collaborative; a zero-sum game where one is either a winner or a loser, on top or at the bottom. "Offense is the best defense" is a mantra for many gaslighters, which also represents their aggressive method of relating to people.
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3. False Image Projection
"My husband always wants people to see him as successful, powerful, and envy- worthy, no matter how shaky his real life actually is." -Anonymous partner of narcissist
Both narcissists and gaslighters tend to project false, idealized images of themselves to the world, in order to hide their inner insecurities. Many narcissists like to impress others by making themselves look good externally. This "trophy complex" can exhibit itself physically, romantically, sexually, socially, religiously, financially, materially, professionally, academically, or culturally. The underlying message of this display is: "I'm better than you!" or "Look at how special I am - I'm worthy of everyone's love, admiration, and acceptance!"
Gaslighters, on the other hand, often create an idealized self-image of being the dominant, suppressive alpha male or female in personal relationships, at the workplace, or in high-profile positions of society (such as politics and media). Many gaslighters like to view themselves falsely as all-powerful and strong, capable of dishing out judgments and penalties at will. Pathological gaslighters often take pride and boost themselves up by marginalizing those whom they perceive as weaker, believing that the meek deserve their downtrodden fate. They attack their victims with direct or subtle cruelty and contempt, gaining sadistic pleasure from these offenses, and betraying a lack of empathy and humanity.
In essence, narcissists want others to worship them, while gaslighters want others to submit to them. In a big way, these external facades become pivotal parts of their false identities, replacing the real and insecure self.
4. Rule Breaking and Boundary Violation
Many narcissists and gaslighters enjoy getting away with violating rules and social norms. Examples of narcissistic trespass include cutting in line, chronic under-tipping, personal space intrusion, borrowing items without returning, using other's properties without asking, disobeying traffic laws, breaking appointments, and negating promises. Examples of gaslighting trespass include direct or subtle marginalizing remarks, public or private shaming and humiliation, sardonic humor and sarcastic comments, internet trolling, angry and hateful speech, and virulent attacks on undesirable individuals and groups. article continues after advertisement
Both narcissist and gaslighter boundary violations presume entitlement, with a narrow, egocentric orientation that oppresses and de-humanizes their victims. In severe cases, this boundary violation pathology may result in illicit and underhanded dealings, financial abuse, sexual harassment, date rape, domestic abuse, hate crimes, human rights violations, and other forms of criminality. Many narcissists and gaslighters take pride in their destructive behaviors, as their machinations provide them with a hollow (and desperate) sense of superiority and privilege.
5. Emotional Invalidation and Coercion
Although narcissists and gaslighters can be (but are not always) physically abusive, for the majority of their victims, emotional suffering is where the damage is most painfully felt. Both narcissists and gaslighters enjoy spreading and arousing negative emotions in order to feel powerful, and keep you insecure and off-balance. They habitually invalidate others' thoughts, feelings, and priorities, showing little remorse for causing people in their lives pain. They often blame their victims for having caused their own victimization ("You wouldn't get yelled at if you weren't so stupid!").
In addition, many narcissists and gaslighters have unpredictable mood swings and are prone to emotional drama - you never know what might displease them and set them off. They become upset at any signs of independence and self- affirmation ("Who do you think you are!?"). They turn agitated if you disagree with their views or fail to meet their expectations. As mentioned earlier, they are sensitive to criticism, but quick to judge others. By keeping you down and making you feel inferior, they boost their fragile ego, and feel more reassured about themselves.
6. Manipulation: The Use or Control of Others as an Extension of Oneself
Both narcissists and gaslighters have a tendency to make decisions for others to suit their own agenda. Narcissists may use their romantic partner, child, family, friend, or colleague to meet unreasonable self-serving needs, fulfill unrealized dreams, or cover-up weaknesses and shortcomings. Narcissists are also fond of using guilt, blame, and victim-hood as manipulative devices. article continues after advertisement
Gaslighters conduct psychological manipulation toward individuals and groups through persistent distortion of the truth, with the intention of causing their victims to question themselves and feel less confident. In personal and/or professional environments, they manipulate by micromanaging (controlling) relationships, including telling others how they should think, feel, and behave under the gaslighter's unreasonable restrictions and scrutiny. They often become critical, angry, intimidating, and/or hostile toward those who fail to bow down to their directives. Gaslighter manipulation is often highly aggressive, with punitive measures (tangible or psychological) executed toward those who fail to recognize and obey their self-perceived authority.
Perhaps the biggest distinction between narcissists and gaslighters is that narcissists use and exploit, and gaslighters dominate and control. While the narcissist does so to compensate for a desperate sense of deficiency (of being unloved as the real self), the gaslighter does so to hide their ever-present insecurity (of being powerless and losing control). Both of these pathological types betray an inability and/or unwillingness to relate to people genuinely and equitably as human beings. They become "special" and "superior" by being less human and by de-humanizing others.
In the worst-case scenario, some individuals possess traits of both narcissism and gaslighting. This is a highly toxic and destructive combination of vanity, manipulation, bullying, and abuse - all unleashed in order to compensate for the perpetrator's deep-seated sense of inadequacy and fear.
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